BS PD ISO IEC TR 29110-3-4-2015 Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Autonomy-based improvement method《系统和软件工程 微小实体 (VSE) 的生命周期概况 自主改进.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationSystems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs)Part 3-4: Autonomy-based improvementmethodPD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015.The UK participation in its

2、preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/15, Software and systems engineering.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for

3、its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 86186 4ICS 35.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and

4、Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Part 3-4: Autonomy-based improvement methodIngnierie des systmes et d

5、u logiciel Profils de cycle de vie pour trs petits organismes (TPO) Partie 3-4: Guide pour la mthode damlioration fonde sur lautonomieTECHNICAL REPORTISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4First edition 2015-10-15Reference number ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PRO

6、TECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without

7、 prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgI

8、SO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E)PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E)Foreword .ivIntroduction .v1 Scope 11.1 Fields of application . 11.2 Target audience 12 Normative references .13 Terms and definitions 24 Conventions and abbreviated terms .24.1 Naming, diagramming, and definition con

9、ventions 24.2 Abbreviated terms . 25 Process improvement context for VSEs25.1 Considerations of related standards for VSEs 25.2 Rationale of the process improvement for VSEs 26 Process improvement approach for VSEs 37 Characteristics for autonomy-based approach 47.1 General . 47.2 Autonomy 47.3 Conc

10、iseness and easiness to understand . 47.4 Low cost, quick cycle and controllable . 47.5 Confidence of effectiveness and necessity 47.6 Communication with stakeholders and communities 48 Framework of process improvement .58.1 Initiation of improvement . 58.2 Activities of improvement . 58.2.1 Activit

11、y 1: Awareness of process problems 58.2.2 Activity 2: Analysis of problems and their relationships 58.2.3 Activity 3: Analysis of the root cause of problems 58.2.4 Activity 4: Identification of a process or processes relating to the root cause . 58.2.5 Activity 5: Clarification of the fundamental pu

12、rpose, outcomes, and practices of the process 58.2.6 Activity 6: Study on best practices on the process . 68.2.7 Activity 7: Develop improvements to eliminate or mitigate problems . 68.2.8 Activity 8: Evaluate the improvement plan for feasibility and impact 68.3 Continuous improvement cycle 68.4 Imp

13、roved communication and agreement 68.5 Competency for improvement . 78.6 Enhancement tools for improvement 78.7 Preparation or selection of a VSE profile . 79 Improvement means growth and innovation 7Annex A (informative) Example: SPINA3CH method for the basic profile 8Annex B (informative) Adapting

14、 various profiles with the SPINA3CH method 20Bibliography 22 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PagePD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the spec

15、ialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical c

16、ommittees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.The proce

17、dures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rul

18、es of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent righ

19、ts identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an exp

20、lanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this doc

21、ument is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering.The full list of parts of ISO/IEC 29110 is available here.iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E)IntroductionVery Small Entities (VSEs) around the w

22、orld are creating valuable products and services. For the purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 29110, a Very Small Entity (VSE) is an enterprise, an organization, a department or a project having up to 25 people. Since many VSEs develop and/or maintain system and software components used in systems, eith

23、er as independent products or incorporated in larger systems, recognition of VSEs as suppliers of high quality products is required.According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook report (2005), “Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) cons

24、titute the dominant form of business organization in all countries world-wide, accounting for over 95 % and up to 99 % of the business population depending on country”. The challenge facing governments and economies is to provide a business environment that supports the competitiveness of this large

25、 heterogeneous business population and that promotes a vibrant entrepreneurial culture.From studies and surveys conducted, it is clear that the majority of International Standards do not address the needs of VSEs. Implementation of and conformance with these standards is difficult, if not impossible

26、. Consequently VSEs, have no, or very limited, ways to be recognized as entities that produce quality systems/system elements including software in their domain. Therefore, VSEs are excluded from some economic activities.It has been found that VSEs find it difficult to relate International Standards

27、 to their business needs and to justify the effort required to apply standards to their business practices. Most VSEs can neither afford the resources, in terms of number of employees, expertise, budget and time, nor do they see a net benefit in establishing over-complex systems or software lifecycl

28、e processes. To address some of these difficulties, a set of guides has been developed based on a set of VSE characteristics. The guides are based on subsets of appropriate standards processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes, referred to as Profiles. The purpose of a profile is to define a subset o

29、f International Standards relevant to the VSEs context; for example, processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes of ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 for software; and processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 for systems; and information products (documentation) of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289 for sof

30、tware and systems.VSEs can achieve recognition through implementing a profile and by being audited against ISO/IEC 29110 specifications.The ISO/IEC 29110 series of International Standard and Technical Reports can be applied at any phase of system or software development within a lifecycle. ISO/IEC 2

31、9110 (all parts) is intended to be used by VSEs that do not have experience or expertise in adapting/tailoring ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 or ISO/IEC/ IEEE 15288 standards to the needs of a specific project. VSEs that have expertise in adapting/tailoring ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 or ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 are encourage

32、d to use those standards instead of ISO/IEC 29110.ISO/IEC 29110 is intended to be used with any lifecycle such as: waterfall, iterative, incremental, evolutionary or agile.The ISO/IEC 29110 series, targeted by audience, has been developed to improve system or software and/or service quality, and pro

33、cess performance (see Table 1). ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E)Table 1 ISO/IEC 29110 target audienceISO/IEC 29110 Title Target audiencePart 1 Overview VSEs and their customers, assessors, standards producers, tool vendors and methodology ven

34、dors.Part 2 Framework Profile producers, tool vendors andmethodology vendors. Not intended for VSEs.Part 3 Assessment guidance VSEs and their customers, assessors, accreditation bodies.Part 4 Profile specifications VSEs, customers, standards producers, tool vendors and methodology vendors.Part 5 Man

35、agement and engineering guideVSEs and their customers.If a new profile is needed, ISO/IEC 29110-4 and ISO/IEC TR 29110-5 can be developed with minimal impact to existing documents.ISO/IEC TR 29110-1 defines the terms common to the ISO/IEC 29110 series. It introduces processes, lifecycle and standard

36、ization concepts, the taxonomy (catalogue) of ISO/IEC 29110 profiles and the ISO/IEC 29110 series. It also introduces the characteristics and needs of a VSE, and clarifies the rationale for specific profiles and International Standards.ISO/IEC 29110-2 introduces the concepts for systems and software

37、 engineering profiles for VSEs. It establishes the logic behind the definition and application of profiles. For standardized profiles, it specifies the elements common to all profiles (structure, requirements, conformance, and assessment). For domain-specific profiles (profiles that are not standard

38、ized and developed outside of the ISO process), it provides general guidance adapted from the definition of standardized profiles.ISO/IEC 29110-3 defines certification schemes, assessment guidelines and compliance requirements for process capability assessment (ISO/IEC 33xxx), conformity assessments

39、 (ISO/IEC 17xxx), and self-assessments for process improvements. ISO/IEC 29110-3 also contains information that can be useful to developers of certification and assessment methods and developers of certification and assessment tools. ISO/IEC 29110-3 is addressed to people who have direct involvement

40、 with the assessment process, e.g. the auditor, certification and accreditation bodies and the sponsor of the audit, who need guidance on ensuring that the requirements for performing an audit have been met.ISO/IEC 29110-4-m provides the specification for all profiles in one profile group that are b

41、ased on subsets of appropriate standards elements.ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-m-n provides a management and engineering guide for each profile in one profile group.ISO/IEC TR 29110-6-x provides management and engineering guides not tied to a specific profile.This part provides a guide for an autonomy-based i

42、mprovement method for VSEs developing systems and/or software.Figure 1 describes the International Standards (IS) and Technical Reports (TR) of ISO/IEC 29110 and positions the parts within the framework of reference. Overview, assessment guide, management and engineering guide are available from ISO

43、 as freely available Technical Reports (TR). The Framework document, profile specifications and certification schemes are published as International Standards (IS).vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E)Figure 1 ISO/IEC 29110 series ISO/IEC 2015 Al

44、l rights reserved viiPD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Part 3-4: Autonomy-based improvement method1 Scope1.1 Fields of applicationISO/IEC 29110 series is applicable to Very Small Entities (VSEs). A VSE is an enterprise, an

45、organization, a department or a project having up to 25 people. The lifecycle processes described in ISO/IEC 29110 are not intended to preclude or discourage their use by organizations bigger than VSEs.The lifecycle processes defined in ISO/IEC 29110 can be used by VSEs when acquiring, using, creati

46、ng, and supplying, a system or a software. They can be applied at any level in a system/softwares structure and at any stage in the lifecycle. The processes described in ISO/IEC 29110 are not intended to preclude or discourage the use of additional processes that VSEs find useful.The autonomy-based

47、improvement method, described in this part of ISO/IEC 29110, provides a tool to improve the “way of work” (i.e. a process) regarding systems and software development practically. This process includes defining a technological theme (objectives), the outcome regarding the theme, and implementing acti

48、vities to steadily gain the outcome.This method can be used in various situations such as improvement tool for development teams, self-training or self-check tool for engineers, and improvement tool for the VSE.This method expects practitioners self-help efforts and initiatives (both physically and

49、mentally) to make the most of the predecessors knowledge, experience or assets, which are required. Therefore, this method encourages the utilization of the knowhow/knowledge through its available tools. Through this method, the practitioner is encouraged to generate ideas for improvement but also to apply them to their work using an ISO/IEC 29110 profile.This part of ISO/IEC 29110 provides a guide for an autonomy-based improvement method for VSEs developing systems or software products.1.2 Target audienceThis part of ISO/IEC