1、BSI Standards PublicationWheelchair seatingPart 11: Determination of perspiration dissipation characteristics of seat cushions intended to manage tissue integrityPD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 16840-11:2014.The UK participation in i
2、ts preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommittee CH/173, Assistive products for persons with disability, toSubcommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necess
3、ary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 83023 5ICS 11.180.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was
4、 published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014 ISO 2014Wheelchair seating Part 11: Determination of perspiration dissipation characteristics of seat
5、 cushions intended to manage tissue integritySiges de fauteuils roulants Partie 11: Dtermination des caractristiques de dissipation de la transpiration des coussins de sige censs grer lintgrit du tissuTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONISO/TS16840-11First edition2014-02-01Reference numberISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)
6、PD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including phot
7、ocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
8、E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandPD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Test apparatus . 25.1 Perspiration rigid cus
9、hion loading indenter (PRCLI) 25.2 Electrical impedance measurement system 35.3 Test environment 36 Preparation for testing . 37 Test method . 38 Test report . 4PD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
10、 national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Int
11、ernational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those in
12、tended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see w
13、ww.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the documen
14、t will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and ex
15、pressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons
16、with disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.ISO 16840 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchair seating: Part 1: Vocabulary, reference axis convention and measures for body segments, posture and postural support surfaces Part 2: Determination of physical and mechanical
17、characteristics of devices intended to manage tissue integrity Seat cushions Part 3: Determination of static, impact and repetitive load strengths for postural support devices Part 4: Seating systems for use in motor vehicles Part 6: Simulated use and determination of the changes in properties Seat
18、cushions Part 10: Resistance to ignition of non-integrated seat and back support cushions Requirements and test methods Part 11: Determination of perspiration dissipation characteristics of seat cushions intended to manage tissue integrity Technical Specificationiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO
19、/TS 16840-11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)IntroductionDissipating perspiration and moisture on seat cushions is important to prevent pressure ulcers, tissue maceration and for comfortable sitting. This part of ISO 16840 specifies a test method for the measurement of the perspiration dissipating charac
20、teristics of wheelchair cushions under test conditions that simulate body loading on support surfaces with flat and contoured profiles. The test method is intended to be applicable to a wide variety of seat cushions that are used across the world.This part of ISO 16840 specifies apparatus to measure
21、 dissipation characteristics (of perspiration) of seat cushions and the approach to be employed in measuring these characteristics. It is the intention of ISO/TC 173/SC 1 to further evaluate the outcomes of this test method and their clinical implications with the aim of developing an International
22、Standard on this topic. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014Wheelchair seating Part 11: Determination of perspiration dissipation characteristics of seat cushions intended to manage tissue integrity1 ScopeThis part of ISO 16840 specifies a method for determining the dissipation char
23、acteristics of simulated perspiration exposure on wheelchair seat cushions.This part of ISO 16840 is applicable to wheelchair seat cushions that include a cushion cover.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensab
24、le for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 16840-2:2007, Wheelchair seating Part 2: Determination of physical and mechanical characteristics of devices inte
25、nded to manage tissue integrity Seat cushionsISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1ischial tuberosityITone of two locations on the inferior surface of the RCLI
26、 or PRCLI that corresponds in position to the location of a human ischial tuberosity3.2rigid cushion loading indenterRCLIcushion loading indenter with a rigid exterior surface contourNote 1 to entry: Example details of the RCLI are provided in Annex A of ISO 16840-2:2007.3.3electrical impedancecompl
27、ex number ratio of the voltage to the current in an alternating current circuit.Note 1 to entry: Impedance extends the concept of electrical resistance to the alternating current circuit.3.4perspiration rigid cushion loading indenterPRCLIrigid cushion loading indenter modified to the specifications
28、of 5.1TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)4 PrincipleHuman sensible perspiration in the area between the cushion and buttocks have four possible states: a) existing between a cushion and the buttock (such as with
29、 a sealed vinyl cover); b) dissipated into the cushion cover but not into the cushion; c) dissipated more generally into both the cover and cushion; d) drawn away from the cover (which becomes dry) and into the cushion. We can evaluate the dissipation behaviour of the cover/cushion system by measuri
30、ng the changing impedance at a location of interest over time following a discharge of simulated perspiration into the area between the rigid cushion loading indenter and the cushion.The testing system has four elements: a) an RCLI simulating temperature, weight, and shape of a loading buttock; b) a
31、 discharge system that releases a discrete amount of solution that simulates perspiration; c) a measurement system of the changing impedance associated with changing solution concentration near the electrodes (indirectly indicating the absorption of the cover/cushion); d) a test environment of tempe
32、rature and humidity.5 Test apparatusThe following test apparatus is necessary to complete the test method of this part of ISO 16840.5.1 Perspiration rigid cushion loading indenter (PRCLI)5.1.1 Shape of PRCLIThe PRCLI is formed from 4 mm 1 mm polycarbonate sheet formed according to the specifications
33、 for a rigid cushion loading indenter (RCLI) with the inner surface of the shell formed to match the contour specified in ISO 16840-2:2007 Annex A (Figure A.1).5.1.2 Temperature control on the PRCLIThe PRCLI shall include a means of maintaining the temperature at 27 C 2 C at the inferior surface of
34、PRCLI.5.1.3 Loading mechanismA means to load the cushion through the PRCLI with a vertical force of 500 N 10 N as in ISO 16840-2.5.1.4 Discharge mechanismA system to discharge 10 ml 1 ml of 0,01 % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution within 1 s from a hole 0,2 mm in diameter (see Figure 2) located at the
35、 ischial tuberosity of the PRCLI (see Figure 1).Figure 1 Drawing of the PRCLI2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)Dimensions in millimetresKey1 round electrode (see 5.1.5)2 hole for the dischargeFigure 2 A-B Cross section5.1.5 Sensing system (see Figure 2)The s
36、ensing system shall have a pair of equally sized round stainless steel electrodes. The electrode shall be a thin plate with diameter of 10 mm 1 mm and thickness of 0,1 mm, preserving smoothness of the buttock surface. The centre of each electrode shall be 15 mm 1 mm from the centre of the hole as sh
37、own in the cross sectional diagram of the PRCLI.5.2 Electrical impedance measurement systemAn electrical impedance measurement system able to measure electrical impedance between the two electrodes, ranging from 0,001 M to 1,0 M, at a sampling rate of 1 Hz.The electrodes shall be connected to the im
38、pedance measurement box external to the PRCLI by appropriately shielded electrical wires to minimize electrical noise from the test environment.NOTE Alternating current should be selected as the applying current for measurement to prevent electrolysis of the electrodes when in contact with the solut
39、ion.5.3 Test environmentA test environment maintained at 23 C 2 C and 50 % 5 % relative humidity as specified in ISO 554 and which includes the means to measure and record its temperature and humidity during the test period.6 Preparation for testingPrecondition the cushion to be tested by holding it
40、 in the test environment of 23 C 2 C, and 50 % 5 % relative humidity for 24 h prior to initiating the test.7 Test method7.1 Commence measurement of the impedance with a sampling rate of 1 Hz, with the PRCLI not in contact with the cushion/cover surface. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/TS 16840-
41、11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)7.2 After 1 min 5 s, apply the PRCLI with 500 N load to the cushion and allow 1 min 5 s for settling.7.3 Between the PRCLI and the cushion discharge 10 ml 1 ml of the NaCl solution from the tube within 1 s.7.4 Continue to record the impedance until at least 1 h 1 min ha
42、s elapsed from the commencement of the test. In some cases, change can be very slow and extended testing will be required.8 Test reportThe test report shall contain the following:a) a reference to this part of ISO 16840 (i.e. ISO/TS 16840-11);b) the name, address, and accreditation status of the tes
43、ting institution;c) the name and address of the manufacturer of the cushion;d) the date of issue of the test report;e) the test environmental conditions as specified;f) the model type and nominal size that uniquely describes the test cushion and any cover that is used;g) a photograph of the test cus
44、hion with the cover prior to and following the test;h) the preparation of the test cushion;i) a graph of impedance values versus time for the period of the whole test as per 7.4;EXAMPLE See Figure 3 for an example of the type of graph that can result.j) a table of the values of impedance at1) the co
45、mmencement of the test,2) immediately prior to the injection of the NaCl solution, and3) 12 min 20s intervals (from commencement of test) until the conclusion of the test.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014ISO/TS 16840-11:2014(E)Key(1) start to measure impedance(2) start to load 50
46、0N(3) start to pour the liquida perspiration rigid cushion loading indenterb cushionc discharge mechanismNOTE The dotted graph represents outstanding moisture dissipation, and the solid line, a cover that does not dissipate the moisture.Figure 3 An example of two possible graphs of the impedance aga
47、inst time when testing according to Clause 7 ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5PD ISO/TS 16840-11:2014This page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services.BSI is incorporated by Royal Char
48、ter. British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited.British Standards Institution (BSI)BSI Group Headquarters389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UKAbout usWe bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators and others to shape their c
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