CAN CSA-S157 S157 1-2005 Strength design in aluminum Commentary on CSA S157-05 Strength design in aluminum (Fourth Edition Update No 1 February 2007 Update No 2 April 2007 Update N.pdf

1、S157-05/S157.1-05(reaffirmed 201)Strength design in aluminum/Commentary on CSA S157-05,Strength design in aluminumLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (CSA) standards are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This

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16、ms and conditions of this Legal Notice.Update No. 3CAN/CSA-S157-05/S157.1-05July 2009Note: General Instructions for CSA Standards are now called Updates. Please contact CSA Information Products Sales or visit www.ShopCSA.ca for information about the CSA Standards Update Service.Title: Strength desig

17、n in aluminum/Commentary on CSA S157-05, Strength design in aluminum originally published February 2005Revisions issued: Update No. 1 February 2007Update No. 2 April 2007If you are missing any updates, please contact CSA Information Products Sales or visit www.ShopCSA.ca.The following revisions have

18、 been formally approved and are marked by the symbol delta () in the margin on the attached replacement pages:CAN/CSA-S157-05/S157.1-05 originally consisted of 137 pages (xiii preliminary and 124 text), each dated February 2005. It now consists of the following pages:Update your copy by inserting th

19、ese revised pages.Keep the pages you remove for reference.Revised S157-05: Contents and Clauses 2, 3.1, 3.2.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.6, 5.2, 5.3.1, 5.4, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.6, 5.7, 11.2.4.3, 13.3.1.2, and A6 S157.1-05: Clause C11.2.4.3New NoneDeleted S157-05: Clauses 5.4.3 and 5.4.4S157.1-05: Clause C5.4February 2

20、005 v, vi, ixxiii, 1532, 35 44, 4754, 5760, 6368, 7178, 81108, and 111124February 2007 Cover, National Standards of Canada text, title pages (i, 1, and 2), and copyright page (ii)April 2007 33, 34, 61, and 62July 2009 iii, iv, vii, viii, 314, 45, 46, 55, 56, 69, 70, 79, 80, 109, and 110Contents Cana

21、dian Standards AssociationStrength design in aluminum/ Commentary on CSA S157-05, Strength design in aluminumJuly 2009Technical Committee on Strength Design in Aluminum xPreface xiiS157-05, Strength design in aluminum1 Scope 32 Reference publications 43 Definitions and symbols 53.1 Definitions 53.2

22、Symbols and subscripts 63.2.1 Symbols 63.2.2 Subscripts 84 Materials 94.1 Alloys 94.2 Mechanical properties 94.3 Physical properties 104.4 Fasteners and welds 105 Limit states design 115.1 General 115.1.1 Serviceability limit states 115.1.2 Ultimate limit states 115.1.3 Fatigue life 115.2 Safety cri

23、terion 115.3 Loads for buildings 115.3.1 Specified loads and influences 115.3.2 Erection loads 115.3.3 Thermal effects 115.4 Load factors and combinations 125.4.1 Load factors 125.4.2 Load combination factors 125.4.3 Deleted5.4.4 Deleted5.4.5 Applications other than buildings 125.5 Resistance factor

24、s 125.6 Deflections and vibrations 135.6.1 Deflection 135.6.2 Vibration 135.7 Provisions to avoid progressive collapse 136 Methods of analysis and design 136.1 Analysis 136.2 Testing 137 Net area, effective section, and effective strength 137.1 General 137.2 Gross area 13iii(Replaces p. iii, Februar

25、y 2005)S157-05/S157.1-05 Canadian Standards AssociationJuly 20097.3 Net area 137.4 Effective section 147.4.1 General 147.4.2 Effective thickness at welds 147.4.3 Effective thickness after local buckling of flat elements 157.4.4 Deflection under service loads 157.5 Effective strength and overall buck

26、ling 157.5.1 General 157.5.2 Influence of welding 157.5.3 Influence of local buckling 158 Local buckling of flat elements 168.1 Buckling stress 168.2 Elements supported on both longitudinal edges 168.2.1 Edges simply supported 168.2.2 Influence of adjacent elements 178.3 Elements supported at one lo

27、ngitudinal edge only 178.3.1 Edge simply supported 178.3.2 Flanges of sections 188.4 Elements supported at one edge with a lip at the other edge 188.4.1 General shapes 188.4.2 Uniform thickness with simple lips 189 Resistance of members 199.1 Limiting slenderness for members 199.2 Members in tension

28、 209.2.1 Tensile resistance 209.2.2 Oblique welds 209.3 Members in compression: Buckling 209.3.1 Normalized slenderness 209.3.2 Limiting stress 219.3.3 Buckling stress 219.4 Columns 229.4.1 General 229.4.2 Flexural buckling 229.4.3 Torsional buckling 239.5 Bending 249.5.1 Classification of members i

29、n bending 249.5.2 Moment resistance of members not subject to lateral-torsional buckling 249.5.3 Moment resistance of members subject to lateral-torsional buckling 259.6 Webs in shear 279.6.1 Flat shear panels 279.6.2 Stiffened webs 289.6.3 Web stiffeners 289.6.4 Combined shear and bending in webs 2

30、99.6.5 Web crushing 299.7 Members with combined axial force and bending moment 309.7.1 Axial tension and bending 309.7.2 Eccentric tension 319.7.3 Beam-columns 329.7.4 Eccentric compression 349.7.5 Shear force in beam-columns 359.8 Built-up columns 369.8.1 Spacing of connectors 369.8.2 Multiple-bar

31、members with discrete shear connectors 36(Replaces p. iv, February 2005)iv Canadian Standards AssociationStrength design in aluminum/ Commentary on CSA S157-05, Strength design in aluminumJuly 2009C5.4 DeletedC5.5 Resistance factors 79C6. Methods of analysis and design 79C7. Net area, effective sect

32、ion, and effective strength 79C7.3 Net area 79C7.4 Effective section 80C7.4.2 Effective thickness at welds 80C7.4.3 Effective thickness after local buckling of flat elements 80C7.4.4 Deflection under service loads 82C7.5 Effective strength and overall buckling 82C7.5.1 General 82C7.5.2 Influence of

33、welding 82C7.5.3 Influence of local buckling 82C8. Local buckling of flat elements 83C8.1 Buckling stress 83C8.2 Elements supported on both longitudinal edges 83C8.2.1 Edges simply supported 83C8.2.2 Influence of adjacent elements 84C8.3 Elements supported at one longitudinal edge only 85C8.3.1 Edge

34、 simply supported 85C8.3.2 Flanges of sections 86C8.4 Elements supported at one edge with a lip at the other edge 86C9. Resistance of members 87C9.1 Limiting slenderness for members 87C9.2 Members in tension 87C9.3 Members in compression: Buckling 87C9.3.2 Limiting stress 92C9.3.3 Buckling stress 92

35、C9.4 Columns 93C9.4.2 Flexural buckling 93C9.4.3 Torsional buckling 93C9.5 Bending 94C9.5.1 Classification of members in bending 94C9.5.2 Moment resistance of members not subject to lateral-torsional buckling 94C9.5.3 Moment resistance of members subject to lateral-torsional buckling 95C9.6 Webs in

36、shear 99C9.6.1 Flat shear panels 99C9.6.2 Stiffened webs 100C9.6.3 Web stiffeners 101C9.6.4 Combined shear and bending in webs 101C9.6.5 Web crushing 102C9.7 Members with combined axial force and bending moment 102C9.7.1 Axial tension and bending 102C9.7.2 Eccentric tension 102C9.7.3 Beam-columns 10

37、3C9.7.4 Eccentric compression 105C9.7.5 Shear force in beam-columns 105C9.8 Built-up columns 105C9.8.1 Spacing of connectors 105C9.8.2 Multiple-bar members with discrete shear connectors 105vii(Replaces p. vii, February 2005)S157-05/S157.1-05 Canadian Standards AssociationJuly 2009C9.8.3 Double angl

38、e struts 106C9.8.4 Lattice columns and beam columns 106C9.9 Members in torsion 106C10. Panels 106C10.1 Flat panels with multiple stiffeners 106C10.1.1 Axial compression 106C10.1.2 In-plane shear 107C10.2 Curved panels and tubes 107C10.2.1 Axial compression 107C10.2.2 Radial compression 107C10.2.3 Sh

39、ear 108C10.3 Curved axially stiffened panels in axial compression 108C10.4 Flat sandwich panels 108C10.4.1 General 108C10.4.2 Panel bending 108C10.4.3 Panel buckling 108C10.4.4 Skin buckling 109C10.4.5 Core strength 109C11. Resistance of connections 109C11.1 General 109C11.1.1 Connection types 109C1

40、1.2 Mechanical fasteners 109C11.2.1 General 109C11.2.2 Fastener spacings 110C11.2.3 Bolts and rivets in shear and/or tension 110C11.2.4 Bolts and rivets in bearing 110C11.2.5 Tear-out of bolt and rivet groups (block shear) 111C11.2.6 Eccentrically loaded fastener groups 112C11.3 Welded connections 1

41、14C11.3.2 Butt welds 114C11.3.3 Fillet welds 115C11.3.4 Flare groove welds 118C11.3.5 Slot and plug welds 118C11.3.7 Stud welds 118C12. Fatigue resistance 118C12.1 Load cycles of constant amplitude 118C12.2 Known load spectra 119C12.3 Unknown load spectra 119C13. Tests 119C13.1 General 119C13.2 Test

42、 methods 120C13.3 Test procedures 120C13.3.1 Confirmatory tests 120C13.3.2 Performance tests 120TablesC1 Influence of adjacent elements: Comparison of theoretical and code values for m 85C2 Local buckling of flanges: Comparison of theoretical and code values for m 86C3 Various best-fit values for th

43、e coefficients oand 89C4 Strength of fillet welds: Comparison of some code values for the factor k 116(Replaces p. viii, February 2005)viii Canadian Standards Association Strength design in aluminumJuly 2009S157-05Strength design in aluminum1 Scope1.1 This Standard applies to the design of aluminum

44、alloy members and assemblies intended to carry a known load.1.2 This Standard specifies requirements for the design of members to meet the requirements of the National Building Code of Canada using limit states design procedures.1.3 This Standard contains rules to determine the ultimate resistance o

45、f aluminum members and connections, and may be used for the design of aluminum assemblies in general.1.4 Where members designed in accordance with this Standard are intended for use in structures for which other standards apply, this Standard supplements such standards, as applicable.Note: Annex A l

46、ists some applications to which other standards apply.1.5 Where this Standard does not provide design expressions or dimensional limitations that are applicable to a specific situation, a rational design may be used, based on appropriate theories, tests, analyses, or engineering experience.Note: See

47、 Annex B for common uses of alloys.1.6 In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to expr

48、ess an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanato

49、ry or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.1.7 The expressions contained herein are dimensionally uniform, and any consistent system of units may be employed. Where dimen