CEN TR 13387-1-2018 Child care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 1 Safety philosophy and safety assessment.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Child care articles - General safety guidelinesPart 1: Safety philosophy and safety assessmentPD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13387-1 May 2018 ICS 97.190 Supersedes CE

2、N/TR 13387-1:2015English Version Child care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 1: Safety philosophy and safety assessment Articles de puriculture - Conseils relatifs la scurit -Partie 1 : Principes de scurit et valuation de la scurit Artikel fr Suglinge und Kleinkinder - Sicherheitsleitfade

3、n - Teil 1 : Sicherheitsgrundstze und Sicherheitsbeurteilung This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 24 December 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 252. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar

4、k, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COM

5、MITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 ENa

6、tional forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13387-1:2018. It supersedes PD CEN/TR 13387-1:2015, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CW/1, Safety of child use and child care products.A list of organizations repr

7、esented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 5

8、80 99473 9ICS 97.190Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCU

9、MENTPD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13387-1 May 2018 ICS 97.190 Supersedes CEN/TR 13387-1:2015English Version Child care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 1: Safety philosophy and safety assessment Articles de puriculture - Conseils relat

10、ifs la scurit -Partie 1 : Principes de scurit et valuation de la scurit Artikel fr Suglinge und Kleinkinder - Sicherheitsleitfaden - Teil 1 : Sicherheitsgrundstze und Sicherheitsbeurteilung This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 24 December 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

11、 CEN/TC 252. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, N

12、orway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All

13、rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 EPD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative reference 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 General safe

14、ty . 8 5 Accident data . 9 6 Hazard and risk assessment 9 6.1 Introduction 9 6.2 Methodology 9 7 Hazard-based standards 16 7.1 Structure of a hazard-based standard 16 7.2 Normative section 16 7.3 Annexes 16 8 Basic wording for the rationales in the Informative Annex 16 8.1 General . 16 8.2 Chemical

15、hazards (CEN/TR 13387-2) . 17 8.3 Mechanical hazards (CEN/TR 13387-3) . 17 8.3.1 Entrapment hazards 17 8.3.2 Hazards from moving parts 17 8.3.3 Hazards with products designed to fold 17 8.3.4 Hazards due to inadvertent release of attachment mechanisms 17 8.3.5 Entanglement hazards 17 8.3.6 Choking h

16、azards . 17 8.3.7 Suffocation hazards . 17 8.3.8 Ingestion hazards . 17 8.3.9 Hazardous edges and projections 17 8.3.10 Structural integrity 18 8.3.11 Protective function 18 8.3.12 Hazards associated with stability . 18 8.4 Thermal hazards (CEN/TR 13387-4) 18 8.4.1 Flammability and burning hazards 1

17、8 8.4.2 Hazards from hot and cold surfaces 18 PD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 (E) 3 8.4.3 Hazards from hot liquids or food 18 8.4.4 Hazards from contact with flames 18 8.4.5 Hyperthermia and hypothermia . 18 9 Relationship between the requirements in the standard and the safety requirement

18、s in standardization request XXXX 18 Annex A (informative) Anthropometric data and abilities of children from birth to 48 months 20 A.1 General 20 A.2 Terms and definitions related to anthropometric data 20 A.3 Recommendations for use of data 21 A.4 Applications 23 A.4.1 Accessibility 23 A.4.2 Openi

19、ngs. 23 A.4.3 Structural integrity. 23 A.5 Tables with body dimensions . 24 A.6 Tables with force measurements 32 A.7 Abilities of children 34 A.8 Sources of data . 35 Bibliography . 38 PD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 13387-1:2018) has been pre

20、pared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 252 “Child care articles”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rig

21、hts. This document supersedes CEN/TR 13387-1:2015. CEN/TR 13387 comprises the following five parts: Safety philosophy and safety assessment (CEN/TR 13387-1); Chemical hazards (CEN/TR 13387-2); Mechanical hazards (CEN/TR 13387-3); Thermal hazards (CEN/TR 13387-4); Product information (CEN/TR 13387-5)

22、. PD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 (E) 5 Introduction This document is a revision of CR 13387 first published in 1999. It is a non-normative CEN publication which provides guidance information on common hazards that should be taken into consideration when developing safety standards for chi

23、ld care articles. A general safety philosophy and safety assessment methodology is given in Part 1 of these guidelines together with a collection of anthropometric data. Chemical hazards are addressed in Part 2. The chemical risk associated with the use of materials for the construction, coating and

24、/or packaging of child care articles that may affect childrens health are considered. Mechanical hazards are addressed in Part 3. “Mechanical hazard” is a general designation for physical factors which may give rise to injury due to the mechanical properties of products or parts of products. Thermal

25、 hazards are addressed in Part 4. “Thermal hazards” include hazards associated with flammability and the burning characteristics of materials, contact with hot and cold surfaces, liquids and food, contact with flames, contact with products that melt on heating and overheating or exposure of a child

26、to very low and very high temperatures. Product information which should be supplied with a child care article is addressed in Part 5. “Product information” covers all the documentation and information that should be supplied to ensure the safe use of the product and also the safety of the child usi

27、ng the product. These guidelines deal with hazards that are common to child care articles. They have been drawn-up by a working group of experts set up by CEN TC 252 with the prime objective of harmonizing the approach to hazard and risk assessment and injury prevention. The guidelines give recommen

28、dations on preventive safety measures to avoid injuries that could be caused by child care articles. If the child care article has a protective function, this should be effective; additionally the product itself should cause no injury to the child. The standards being drafted by CEN/TC 252 are for c

29、hild care articles intended for children from birth to 48 months of age who form a very vulnerable group in society. Up to 18 months of age the development of the brain, senses, motoric abilities and knowledge takes place through the combined use of sensory and motor skills, i.e. children learn to s

30、ee, hear, taste, smell and feel. Their movements are aimed at achieving familiarity with their environment. As children become older they achieve increased muscular control and balance. Even up to 48 months of age children are unpredictable in their behaviour. Special consideration should be given t

31、o the fact that these children cannot understand how to avoid risks and thus are involuntarily exposed to them. Child care articles constitute a group with large variations between the different products. However many safety hazards associated with this diverse group of products are very similar. Th

32、ese guidelines identify many of these safety hazards and give details that enable similar safety principles to be applied to the drafting of standards across the group of products. The information given in these guidelines reflects the state of the art at publication. Standards and regulations will

33、continuously be developed. Other sources may also provide useful information for the reader. How to use these guidelines The safety requirements and test methods given are intended to give guidance and to lead to consistency when writing safety standards for child care articles. It is recommended to

34、 use these guidelines when drafting standards. In addition, these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety. PD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 (E) 6 The safety requirements detailed do not constitute an exhaustive set that can be applied to all child ca

35、re articles. The application to particular products should be evaluated by experts. In these guidelines rationales are given to explain the potential hazard. Wherever possible, requirements, test equipment and test methods are given which can be used when drafting standards. The terminology in these

36、 guidelines is not the one required for standards: the word shall has to be used in standards, not should as given in these guidelines. CEN/TC 252 is, wherever possible when writing new standards or revising existing standards, drafting their standards on a hazard based format (see for example EN 16

37、120 and EN 1930). The different parts of the CEN/TR 13387 should enable working groups to draft their standards in a hazard based format by proceeding in the following way: identification of the hazards and assessment of the risk; definition of the requirements to address an identified hazard and ri

38、sk; definition of relevant test methods to check that the requirements are met; provision of an Annex which indicates the rationale for the inclusion of the requirements. PD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 (E) 7 1 Scope This Technical Report, contains the general safety philosophy and a guide

39、line on safety assessment that experts are recommended to use when drafting standards. It also contains an Annex A with a collection of available anthropometric data and details of the abilities of children from birth to 48 months of age. The general safety philosophy given in this part is based on

40、the principle that child care articles should be designed to be safe. Children with special needs have not been taken into account while drafting these guidelines. ISO/IEC Guide 71 can be consulted to ascertain any further requirements to address the hazards and risks associated with children with s

41、pecial needs. These guidelines do not cover all types of hazards and risks, such as inappropriate use of products, inadequate supervision of children and products used in a non-domestic situation. Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that all other potential hazards relevant to the produ

42、ct are fully addressed e.g. hygiene, the effects of electrical power etc., where other safety standards may apply. 2 Normative reference There are no normative references in this document. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and I

43、EC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 harm injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the envi

44、ronment 3.2 hazard potential source of harm 3.3 risk combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm Note 1 to entry: The probability of occurrence includes the exposure to a hazardous situation, the occurrence of a hazardous event, and the possibility to avoid or

45、limit the harm. 3.4 hazard characterisation quantitative evaluation of the nature of the adverse health effects following exposure to a risk source(s) PD CEN/TR 13387-1:2018CEN/TR 13387-1:2018 (E) 8 3.5 hazard identification identification of a risk source(s) capable of causing adverse effect(s) 3.6

46、 risk analysis systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk 3.7 risk evaluation procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether tolerable risk has been exceeded 3.8 risk assessment overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation Note

47、 1 to entry: In practical terms this means the evaluation, including the identification of the related uncertainties, of the likelihood and severity of an adverse effect(s) following exposure under defined means to a risk source(s). 3.9 safety freedom from risk which is not tolerable 3.10 intended u

48、se use in accordance with information provided together with a product or system, or, in the absence of such information, by generally understood patterns of usage 4 General safety Safety is often a balance between being safe from injury and the other demands of a child care article, for example, en

49、suring that the item is fit for purpose as well as meeting consumers needs and expectations. Attention should be paid to: the childs stage of development (ability, weight, age, etc.); the intended or foreseeable use of the product, bearing in mind a childs unpredictable behaviour. This unpredictable behaviour exposes children to injury in ways that differ from those of adults, making children a particularly vulnerable group in society; the hazard presented by the product in the environment where the product is used.