1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015Unfired pressure vesselsPart 102: Example of application of verticalvessel with bracket supportsPD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR13445-102:2015.The UK participation i
2、n its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PVE/1, Pressure Vessels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
3、application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 87643 1ICS 23.020.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy
4、Committee on 30 September 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13445-102 May 2015 ICS 23.020.30 English Version Unfired pressure vessels - Part 102: Example of application of vertical vessel wi
5、th bracket supports Unbefeuerte Druckbehlter - Beispiel 2: Stehende Behlter mit Tragpratzen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 February 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 54. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
6、Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
7、 Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/T
8、R 13445-102:2015 EPD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 3.1 Drawing of the vessel 5 3.2 Calculation model 6 3.3 Operating conditions .7 3.4 Comments on the operating conditions provided by the User .7 4.1 General 8 4.2 Is EN13445 applicable to t
9、he vessel? 8 4.3 Warning of Annex A of reference 1 .8 4.4 Prerequisites of Annex A of reference 1 .8 5.1 Permitted materials. 10 5.2 Requirements given in 4.2 of reference 2 11 5.3 Requirements given in 4.3 of reference 2 11 5.4 Requirements given in 4.4 of reference 2 11 5.5 Materials selected for
10、the vessel example 2 12 6.1 General . 15 6.2 Basic design 15 6.3 Fatigue calculations . 15 6.4 Determination of test pressures of the vessel in Annex C . 17 6.5 Determination of the deformation according to EN 13445-4 reference 4, Clause 9 in Annex C . 19 6.6 Data used in example 2 19 6.7 Conditions
11、 of applicability of calculations 20 7.1 General . 20 7.2 Material traceability 20 7.3 Manufacturing tolerances 20 7.5 Welding, as in 8 of reference 4 26 7.6 Manufacture and testing of welds Production test, as in 8 of reference 4 26 7.7 Forming of pressure parts, as in 9 of reference 4 . 27 7.8 Pos
12、t weld heat treatment (PWHT), as in 10 of reference 4 . 27 8.1 Generality 27 8.2 Non destructive testing, as in 4.3 of reference 5 27 8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing, as in 6.6.2 of reference 5 28 Annex A (informative) Drawing of example 2 29 Annex B (informative) Nameplate of
13、 example 2 30 Annex C (informative) Design calculation of example 2. 31 PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13445-102:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention
14、 is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 4 Introduction Harmonized standards under Pre
15、ssure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC) have been adopted over the past few years on the basis of mandate M 071. These standards give appropriate solutions for designing and building safe pressure equipment complying with the pressure equipment directives. Although the main standards for the major prod
16、uct groups are now available, further action is needed to ensure a take-up by industry of these standards. A recent public consultation on the use of EN Standards in the field of pressure equipment has shown that better knowledge of content and better usability are the more substantial aspects to en
17、courage the use of the harmonized European standards (document CEN/PE/AN N 220). The Pressure equipment Migration Help Desk, EN 13445/MHD, was created in August 2002 to give to the standard users a central point where raising questions and obtaining authorized answers. From the questions it received
18、, the help desk has identified the publication of examples of application as a key issue and has developed rules of procedure for their publication as CEN deliverables (document CEN/PE/AN N 128). Examples of application is an efficient way to help the standard user to correctly understand and apply
19、the requirements of the standard and to be aware of the permissible deviations, possible alternatives, use of normative reference documents, etc. It can also assist training organization and software developers. The project, in its efforts to broaden the application of the European Standards harmoni
20、zed for PED, will support the actions of the European Commission in the field of safety of pressure equipment. It will also promote the use of these European Standards on the global market. PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report details the design, manufact
21、uring, inspection and testing of a steel vessel submitted to pressure cycles, using the EN 13445 series for “Unfired pressure vessels“, to guide the user of these standards in sequential decision making, together with some alternative choices. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole
22、 or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13445-1:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressur
23、e vessels Part 1: General 1 EN 13445-2:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials 2 EN 13445-3:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design 3 EN 13445-4:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication 4 EN 13445-5:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 5: Inspe
24、ction and testing 5 EN 10028-2:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties 6 3 The vessel and its operating conditions 3.1 Drawing of the vessel The technical drawing of the vessel and vessel details is re
25、presented in Annex A: A note in the introduction of EN 13445-1, clearly says that “In EN 13445 the term pressure vessel includes the welded attachments up to and including the nozzle flanges, screwed or welded connections“. The briefed lay-out is given as in Figure 1. PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR
26、13445-102:2015 (E) 6 Figure 1 Briefed lay-out 3.2 Calculation model The calculation model is presented in 3D in Figure 2. PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 7 Figure 2 Calculation model 3.3 Operating conditions The general characteristics given by the user are reproduced below: a) con
27、tent: gas group 1, density of 0,48; b) internal pressure: 18 bar / 0,5 bar; c) temperature: 20 C/260 C; d) number of expected full pressure cycles: 1200. 3.4 Comments on the operating conditions provided by the User The gas group 1 is a dangerous fluid according to Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27
28、 June 1967 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. See also: http:/eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31967L0548:en:NOT and further information on https:/osha.europa
29、.eu/nl/legislation/directives/exposure-to-chemical-agents-and-chemical-safety/osh-related-aspects/58 In the contract 1 200 pressure cycles from 18 bar (1,8 MPa) to 0,5 bar (0,05 MPa) are expected. A design pressure of 1,8 MPa will not be used to avoid a short duration pressure surge at each cycle (S
30、ee Pressure PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 8 Equipment Directive, Annex I, clause 2.11.2 Pressure limiting devices). Therefore the safety valve will be set at 2 MPa (pressure higher than 1,8 MPa + 10 %) and the design pressure of 2 MPa will be used in design calculations for stati
31、c loadings. 4 Application of EN 13445-1 1 4.1 General This part contains general information on the scope of the standard as well as terms, definitions, quantities, symbols and units which are applied throughout the standard. Before designing and manufacturing the vessel according to the standard, t
32、he manufacturer shall verify the applicability of the standard EN 13445 and perform a number of prerequisites. 4.2 Is EN13445 applicable to the vessel? The answer is yes, since the vessel does not belong to the vessels mentioned in Clause 1 of reference 1 which are: Vessels of riveted construction;
33、Vessels of lamellar cast iron or any material not included in part 2, 6 or 8 of the standard; Multilayered, autofrettaged or pre-stressed vessels. 4.3 Warning of Annex A of reference 1 The standard EN 13445 is harmonized under the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC). This means that if the vesse
34、l meets the requirements of this standard, it can be presumed to conform to those essential safety requirements which are listed in the Annexes ZA of each individual part. In this connection, it should be understood that the standard is indivisible. The design and manufacturing of the vessel require
35、s application of all relevant parts of the standard, in this case of Part 1 General 1, Part 2 Materials 2, Part 3 Design 3, Part 4 Fabrication 4 and Part 5 Inspection and testing 5, since the vessel is a steel vessel. Part 7 and Part 9 are not mandatory parts in this sense. 4.4 Prerequisites of Anne
36、x A of reference 1 4.4.1 Operating conditions Operating conditions provided by the User will be used in the design calculations, but a design pressure of 2 MPa will be used in calculations for static loadings, as it is mentioned in 4.3. 4.4.2 Actions to be considered according to the list in 5.3.1 o
37、f EN 13445-3 reference 3 a) internal pressure; b) maximum static head of contained fluid; c) weight of the vessel; d) maximum weight of contents under operating conditions; PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 9 e) weight of water under hydraulic pressure test conditions; f) wind, snow,
38、 and ice loading (not present); g) earthquake loading (negligible); h) other loads supported by or reacting on the vessel, including loads during transport and installation (negligible); i) stresses caused by supporting lugs, ring, girders, saddles, internal structures or connecting piping or intent
39、ional offsets of median lines on adjacent components. (Only stresses caused by bracket supports will be considered); j) shock loads caused by water hammer or surging of the vessel contents (not present); k) bending moments caused by eccentricity of the centre of the working pressure relative to the
40、neutral axis of the vessel (not present); l) stresses caused by temperature differences including transient conditions and by differences in coefficients of thermal expansion (Not requested by the User); m) stresses caused by fluctuations of pressure, temperature and external loads (Stresses caused
41、by fluctuations of pressure and temperature will be considered); n) stresses caused by the decomposition of unstable fluids (not present). 4.4.3 Classification of load cases 4.4.3.1 Normal load cases Normal load cases are those acting on the pressure vessel during normal operation, including start-u
42、p and shutdown. They result of combination of actions mentioned in 5.3.2. 4.4.3.2 Exceptional load cases Exceptional load cases are those corresponding to events of very low probability requiring the safe shutdown and inspection of the vessel or plant. No such exceptional load case is expected. 4.4.
43、3.3 Testing load cases Testing load cases include testing load cases for final assessment and testing load cases in service. Only the hydraulic test for final assessment will be considered. 4.4.4 The Category of the vessel as defined in the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) Taking into consideratio
44、n: The maximum allowable pressure PS: 20 bar The fluid group: 1 The volume of the vessel: 2.656 L The potential energy content product PS.V = 53.120 bar.L PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 10 The vessel category is IV (See Figure 3, Excerpt from Table 1 of Annex II of the PED where t
45、he case is represented by a red dark dot or see Figure A-1 of CR 13445-7). Figure 3 Vessel category 4.4.5 The Conformity Assessment Module to be used Applicable modules of Category IV are B+D, B+F, G, H1. Module G is used throughout this example (this is according to the drawing Example 2). 5 Applic
46、ation of EN 13445-2 2 5.1 Permitted materials 5.1.1 General Clause A.4 Materials of reference 1 recalls the principles. Specific requirements apply to materials for pressure-bearing parts. They are given in 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 of reference 2. 5.1.2 Requirements given in 4.1 of reference 2 Material
47、s shall be selected to be compatible with anticipated fabrication steps and to be suitable for internal fluid and external environment Materials shall be accompanied by inspection documents in accordance with EN 10204:2004 PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 11 NOTE 1 This is not prope
48、rly speaking a design requirement, but a means to inspect material properties. Materials shall be free from surface and internal defects which can impair their intended usability Steels shall have a specified minimum elongation after fracture: 14 % Steels shall have a specified minimum impact energy
49、 measured on a Charpy V-notch impact test specimen greater or equal to 27 J for ferritic steels, etc. The chemical composition of ferritic steels intended for welding and forming shall not exceed 0,25 % C, 0,035 % P, 0,025 % S. Only materials which are qualified for pressure equipment may be used. Qualification of materials can be made in three different ways: Materials from European harmonized Standards, see 4.3.1 of reference 2. Certain materials supplied in a
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