1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15134:2005Non-destructive testing Automated ultrasonic examination Selection and application of systemsICS 19.100g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g6
2、0g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58PD CEN/TR 15134:2005This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 January 2006 BSI 23 January 2006ISBN 0 580 46401 6National forewordThis Published Document is the official English language vers
3、ion of CEN/TR 15134:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive examination, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British St
4、andards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publicati
5、on does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Published Document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international
6、/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TR title page,
7、 pages 2 to 30, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15134October 2005ICS 19.100English
8、 VersionNon-destructive testing - Automated ultrasonic examination -Selection and application of systemsEssais non destructifs - Examen automatis par ultrasons -Slection et application des systmesZerstrungsfreie Prfung - AutomatisierteUltraschallprfung - Auswahl und Anwendung vonSystemenThis Technic
9、al Report was approved by CEN on 24 April 2005. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 138.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania
10、, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of
11、 exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15134:2005: E2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Basic system description.5 4.1 Systems .5 4.2 System schematic.6 4.3 Levels of automation 9 5
12、 Examination of technical objectives and conditions .9 5.1 Task9 5.2 Other controlling conditions10 5.3 Examination data 11 5.4 Reference blocks 12 6 Components and features of a test system 12 6.1 General 12 6.2 Test mechanics and positioning systems.12 6.3 Coupling technique.14 6.4 Probes16 6.5 Te
13、sting electronics and signal digitisation.23 6.6 Data acquisition, processing and storage 26 6.7 Presentation and evaluation of data28 6.8 System check 29 7 Execution of test .29 7.1 System set-up .29 7.2 Performing the test .30 PD CEN/TR 15134:20053 Foreword This CEN Technical Report (CEN/TR 15134:
14、2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. PD CEN/TR 15134:20054 1 Scope Automatic ultrasonic scanning inspection systems are becoming more and more popular. There is a growing dependence on these systems, the data
15、(both ultrasonic signals and probe location) and the automatic or manual evaluation of the data. Stationary and mobile test systems are discussed, as used for pre-service testing (testing during manufacture) and in-service testing (testing after manufacture, including regular safety assurance testin
16、g). The information in this Technical Report covers all tests and testing on all component parts or complete manufactured systems for either correctness of geometry, material properties (quality or defects) and fabrication methodology (e.g. welds). This Technical Report can be used for training purp
17、oses. This Technical Report is aimed at suppliers and users of automatic scanning systems. The scope of this Technical Report is to permit the user, along with a customer specification or test description and any national or international standards or regulations to specify: - ultrasonic probes, pro
18、be systems and mechanical controlling sensors; - manipulation systems including controls; - ultrasound electronic sub-systems; - data storage and display systems; - evaluation and assessment methods or techniques with regard to their performance and suitability for purpose. This Technical Report als
19、o defines a means of verifying the performance of any specified system. This includes: - tests during the manufacturing process on parts and completed items (stationary testing systems) and also - tests with mobile systems. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable
20、for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330-2:1998, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive te
21、sting methods. EN 1330-4:2000, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-2:1998 and EN 1330-4:2000 apply. PD CEN/TR 15134:20055 4 Basic system descrip
22、tion 4.1 Systems There are two major applications for automated ultrasonic inspection systems: - for the detection and evaluation of material defects (e.g. cracks, porosity, geometry); - for the measurement and evaluation of material properties (e.g. sound velocity, scattering). Essential components
23、 of an automatic inspection system are: - mechanically positioned and controlled ultrasonic probes and/or test objects; - automatic data acquisition for the ultrasound signals; - acquisition and storage of transducer location in relation to ultrasonic signals; - test results. A system usually consis
24、ts of several individually identifiable components. These are: - manipulators for probes or test objects; - probes and cables; - couplant supply and removal; - ultrasonic sub-system; - data acquisition and processing; - data evaluation and display; - system control. The complexity of a system depend
25、s on the scope of the test and application of the system. Test systems may be divided into stationary and mobile. Examples of stationary systems are: - continuous inspection of steel products, e.g. billets, plate material, tubes, rails; - component testing, e.g. steering knuckles, rollers, balls, bo
26、lts, pressure cylinders; - composite materials e.g. aerospace structures , e.g. complete wings made of composite materials, CRFP and GFRP components; - random sample control (batch test) for process accompanying checks, e.g. testing for hydrogen induced cracking in steel samples. Examples of mobile
27、systems are: - pre-service and in-service inspection of components, e.g. valves, vessels, bolts, turbine parts; - pre-service and in-service inspection of vehicles; - pre-service and in-service inspection of pipelines e.g. oil or gas pipelines; PD CEN/TR 15134:20056 - inspection of railway tracks. T
28、he test systems can be single or multichannel systems. The manipulator complexity of the system depends on the examination task. The complexity of the data acquisition and evaluation system depends on the number of test channels, the test velocity and the test requirements. 4.2 System schematic The
29、essential components of an automatic scanning system are shown in Figure 1. More detailed descriptions can be found elsewhere in this document. A detailed description of the individual functions is given in Clause 5. Key 1 probe 1 2 probe 2 3 signal lines 4 data lines 5 control line 6 control line/l
30、ocation data Figure 1 System schematic The probe position shall be known and be recorded together with the ultrasonic data. This can be achieved by using encoders, ultrasound or video techniques. If the probe motion is in one axis only, the probe position can be determined by measuring elapsed time
31、compared to the motion velocity. The most simple ultrasonic system consists of one probe, see Figure 2. PD CEN/TR 15134:20057 Figure 2 Simple system with one probe In order to fulfil any test requirement the system can include several hundred probes e.g. in a pig for pipeline testing, see Figure 3.
32、The ultrasonic sub-system is the main component of the overall system. Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the basic electronic components of the ultrasonic sub-system. Depending on the required complexity, the ultrasonic sub-system can be made from one module for a single channel system or multiple m
33、odules for multi-channel systems. These can be self-contained modules, computer plug-in cards or rack mounted systems. Figure 3 The probe assembly of an intelligent pig for use on a 40 inch diameter pipeline PD CEN/TR 15134:20058 Figure 4 Block diagram of the electronics of the ultrasonic sub-system
34、 Some digital systems used for testing provide acquisition and storage of the full RF ultrasonic signals. This method offers the most information compared to other acquisition methods. In order to reduce the testing time, data processing and storage requirements, other methods use data reduction tec
35、hniques such as peak testing. For many applications this provides a perfectly adequate level of data for the purposes of the inspection. Methods for data reduction are described in 6.6.4.2. The data, which are transferred from the ultrasonic unit to the data acquisition unit, is referred to as measu
36、rement data. In the data processing unit the measurement data is processed in a way, which permits it to be visualized on a display for the interpreter (user) performing the evaluation. The data can be assessed and the test verified automatically during automatic component testing. In certain areas,
37、 the evaluation has to be performed by experienced test personnel, e.g. welds on vessels and pipelines or safety-critical components in aerospace. In these cases, the data processing unit has to provide images from the measurement data as a projection or sectional image. Other tasks are possible by
38、filtering the data to remove unwanted information. This can be achieved by software in a computer or by special hardware. Data can be stored at different points during the measurement signal processing as shown in Figure 1. If this is a simple go/no go test only the test result need be recorded. In
39、contrast, during testing of safety critical components the measurement data is stored together with any assessment result. The control and synchronisation of the individual system components is achieved by the system control, this ensures that the proper test sequence is performed. The system contro
40、l also synchronises the storage of the probe location data and ultrasonic data. In-process inspection can provide automatic sorting or marking of defective parts. A practical example for a basic automatic scanning system is shown in Figure 1. The set-up of a multi-channel test system is shown in Fig
41、ure 5. This has an XY manipulator and can be used for testing vessels and pipes. PD CEN/TR 15134:20059 Key 1 testing location - on-line survey - data acquisition 2 evaluation location - test planning - data acquisition - display - assessment - documentation 3 manipulator control 4 ultrasound electro
42、nics 5 probe cable 6 position data 7 motor control, encoder signals 8 optional network link to ultrasound device 9 network Figure 5 Set-up of a multi-channel test system 4.3 Levels of automation Various levels of automated inspection are possible, ranging from simple mechanical assisted probe moveme
43、nt through to fully automated examination of data, marking or sorting of test objects. 5 Examination of technical objectives and conditions 5.1 Task The examination task defines the discontinuities or material properties that the test is intended to detect or to measure. The specification shall be d
44、esigned within practical and economical viable limits with due consideration to the test object. Any existing relevant normative documents shall be taken into consideration. The technical limit of the test system is governed, by amongst other things, the following parameters: - the overall signal-to
45、-noise ratio in the ultrasound sub-system; - the band width of the probe(s) and ultrasound sub-system; - the positional resolution of the probes. PD CEN/TR 15134:200510 The most important factor in all automatic scanning methods is the systems dynamic lateral resolution. The scanning pattern and spe
46、ed shall be designed in accordance with the beam profile dimensions as determined by a relevant reflector. 5.2 Other controlling conditions The following conditions shall be considered: - the requirements governed by the material properties, e.g. surface conditions and coupling requirements; - stand
47、ards, directives and other specifications; - the application limitations, e.g. test environment, access, weather conditions, power restrictions. 5.2.1 Testing density, test speed and extent and coverage of testing High speed testing is typical in automated scanning. This generates large amounts of d
48、ata. If this is to be automatically assessed processing speed is a key issue. There is a relationship between the distance between measurement points, speed of probe motion, pulse repetition rate and data acquisition speed. This relationship shall also consider the number of channels. If the probe i
49、s moved in a direction x and measurement data are required equidistantly (either amplitude or time-of-flight) the following condition shall be satisfied: v (x * f ) / n (1)where : v = relative speed between probe and test specimen (mm/s) x = distance between measurement points (mm) f = pulse repetition rate (Hz) n = number of pulses required per measurement point. If the complete A-scan has to be acquired at each spot the following equation applies: v x / ts (2)where : v = relative speed between probe and test specimen (mm/s) x = distance between measuremen
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