CEN TR 15172-2-2005 Whole-body vibration - Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction - Part 2 Management measures at the workplace《全身震动 震动危害降低指南 第2部分 工作场所的管理措施》.pdf

1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15172-2:2005Whole-body vibration Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction Part 2: Management measures at the workplaceICS 13.160; 17.160g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53

2、g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58PD CEN/TR 15172-2:2005This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 January 2006 BSI 27 January 2006ISBN 0 580 47608 1National forewordThis Published Document is the off

3、icial English language version of CEN/TR 15172-2:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GME/21, Mechanical vibration and shock, to Subcommittee GME/21/6, Human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizati

4、ons represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corresponde

5、nce Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Published Document does not of it

6、self confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and pro

7、mulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TR title page, pages 2 to 39 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date

8、CommentsTECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15172-2November 2005ICS 13.160; 17.160English VersionWhole-body vibration - Guidelines for vibration hazardsreduction - Part 2: Management measures at the workplaceVibrations globales du corps - Guide pour la rduction desrisques de v

9、ibrations - Partie 2: Mesures de prvention surle lieu de travailGanzkrper-Schwingungen - Leitfaden zur Verringerung derGefhrdung durch Schwingungen - Teil 2: OrganisatorischeManahmen am ArbeitsplatzThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 25 July 2005. It has been drawn up by the Technical Commi

10、ttee CEN/TC 231.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Swede

11、n, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref.

12、No. CEN/TR 15172-2:2005: E2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope .5 2 References.5 3 Abbreviations 5 4 Determination and assessment of health risks 6 4.1 General 6 4.2 Identification of main sources of whole-body vibration at the workplace6 4.3 Relationships between whole-body vibration ex

13、posure and health risk6 4.4 Legal requirements.7 4.5 Use of declared values .7 5 Formulation of provisions aimed at avoiding and reducing vibration exposure .7 6 Minimising vibration exposure 8 6.1 Vibration reduction by task and process re-design .8 6.2 Vibration reduction by selection of machinery

14、, tools and seats.9 6.3 Vibration reduction by instructions and maintenance.13 6.4 Reduction of the exposure duration14 7 Information related to health risks for the operator .14 Annex A (informative) Examples of machines and processes that may expose operators to significant whole-body vibration ab

15、ove the exposure action and/or limit values of the EU Directive 2002/44/EC.16 Annex B (informative) Assessment of health risks from whole-body vibration at the workplace .19 Annex C (informative) A practical example of application of methods for limitation of vibration exposure26 Annex D (informativ

16、e) Selecting mobile machinery for use at work.27 Annex E (informative) Questions to ask of suppliers 31 Annex F (informative) Seating as a means of reducing risks from exposure to whole-body vibration.32 Annex G (informative) Health surveillance .37 Bibliography.38 CEN/TR 15172-2:20053 Foreword This

17、 Technical Report (CEN/TR 15172-2:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 231 “Mechanical vibration and shock”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. CEN/TR 15172 consists of the following parts: CEN/TR 15172-1, Whole-body vibration Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction Part 1:

18、 Engineering methods by design of machinery CEN/TR 15172-2, Whole-body vibration Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction Part 2: Management measures at the workplace CEN/TR 15172-2:20054 Introduction The EU Directive 2002/44/EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure

19、of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (vibration) requires those responsible for workplaces to introduce measures protecting workers from the risks arising from vibration insofar as these affect the health and safety of workers. This Technical Report reviews measures of value in the e

20、fforts of workplace management to protect workers from adverse health effects of whole-body vibration and shock. It is recognised that workplaces are very different and that for a specific workplace only some of the measures are applicable. Guidelines on engineering methods directed to designers and

21、 manufacturers of machinery transmitting vibration to the human body are given in CEN/TR 15172-1. CEN/TR 15172-2:20055 1 Scope This Technical Report outlines practicable measures for the reduction and control of exposure to whole-body vibration at workplaces in order to provide a practical professio

22、nal aid to workplace managers and health and safety officers. It covers identification and reduction of health risks from exposure to hazardous machinery vibration at the particular workplace, corresponding to Articles 4, 5 and 6 in the EU Directive 2002/44/EC, including identification of main sourc

23、es of whole-body vibration at the workplace, formulation of a strategy for minimising and control of vibration exposure and implementation of the strategy. NOTE Although the term vibration covers continuous vibration and transient vibration (shocks), in this Technical Report shocks are referred to i

24、n special cases where they require special attention. This Technical Report is not concerned with hand-arm vibration which is covered by CR 1030-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Report. For dated references, only the

25、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14253:2003, Mechanical vibration Measurement and calculation of occupational exposure to whole-body vibration with reference to health Practical guidance ISO 2631-1:19

26、97, Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration Part 1: General requirements ISO 2631-5, Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration Part 5: Method for evaluation of vibration containing multiple shocks 3 Abbreviations I

27、n this Technical Report the following abbreviations are used: r.m.s. acceleration root-mean-square acceleration and VDV fourth power vibration dose value, both of which are defined in ISO 2631-1. Seddaily equivalent static compression dose, which is defined in ISO 2531-5. EAV daily exposure action v

28、alue and ELV daily exposure limit value, which both are defined in EU Directive 2002/44/EC. CEN/TR 15172-2:20056 4 Determination and assessment of health risks 4.1 General General knowledge about whole-body vibration, its effects on man and its assessment and control, is important as a basis for the

29、 determination of health risks at the workplace. It is necessary to know the main sources of whole-body vibration at the workplace, the relationships between whole-body vibration exposure and health risk and legal requirements including exposure action and limit values. 4.2 Identification of main so

30、urces of whole-body vibration at the workplace The major sources of excessive vibration and shock are usually mobile machinery travelling over rough surfaces and working with machine tools (loading, drilling, soil compaction, road milling, etc.). A list of the more common machinery and processes tha

31、t expose operators to whole-body vibration is given in Annex A. Furthermore, it is necessary to know representative vibration values for each machine and process that create the hazard and the corresponding patterns of vibration exposure in order that the exposure of operators can be estimated. Of s

32、pecial importance is to search for the following information about the machinery used: What are the whole-body vibration exposure values for typical operations of the machine? Which operational conditions can be expected to cause whole-body vibration exposures above the exposure action value and/or

33、above the exposure limit value? Which modifications of the machine could cause changes of the declared values? Which seats and tools can be considered as suited for the machine, i.e. without worsening the declared values? Which effect will an incorrect adjustment of the seat have on the whole-body v

34、ibration exposure? If an operation handbook does not provide this information, the manufacturer should be asked to provide additional information. A thorough knowledge of how the machines are used in practical work is essential. This requires studies at work sites and collection of information from

35、operators of the machines. 4.3 Relationships between whole-body vibration exposure and health risk Disorder of the spine and related structures is the main health problem which may be caused by whole-body vibration. General information on health risks from exposure to whole-body vibration can be fou

36、nd in the literature. ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 provide guidance on health risks from whole-body vibration as well as limits at which a health risk can be expected. Postures with bending and or twisting of the spine can significantly increase the health risk at these exposures. Since the strength of

37、 the matured spine decreases with age, the risk of injury due to a particular exposure can essentially increase with age. CEN/TR 15172-2:20057 There are indications of an exponential rise of the risk with an increasing intensity. Therefore, the integrated values (e.g. r.m.s. values) will severely un

38、derestimate the health risk if daily exposures contain segments with a high magnitude or transients with high peak acceleration (shocks, bumps). The more sophisticated procedures described in ISO 2631-5 will be required for an adequate evaluation in such cases. For the same reason, averaging of r.m.

39、s. values for different days can lead to an underestimation of the health risk. This is the case if days with significantly different daily exposure values are averaged. EN 14253 describes how to measure and calculate the daily vibration exposure in various situations. Annex A of EN 14253:2003 inclu

40、des calculation of daily exposure for the cases where the daily work consists of long uninterrupted operations and for the cases where the daily work consists of operations or work cycles with different vibration magnitudes over short periods. NOTE Research is continuously going on in various places

41、 and it is important for the management to follow the development and be aware of revisions of the applicable standards. 4.4 Legal requirements The EU Directive 2002/44/EC includes requirements on vibration exposure values that shall not be exceeded (limit values) and exposure values above which act

42、ions for reduction of the vibration shall be taken (exposure action values). The vibration exposures should be determined for a workday that is representative for the most pronounced vibration conditions. Averaging over workdays should not be made. It should be noted that the limit values given by t

43、he EU Directive 2002/44/EC are not “safe“ values. According to ISO 2631-1:1997, Annex B, a significant health risk can be expected at levels below the limit values of the EU Directive 2002/44/EC. Although exposures below the action value do not generally generate significant health risks, there are

44、cases where exposures below the action value can cause health problems. This is, for example, the case when the exposure contains shocks or at unfavourable postures. Guidance on strategies for assessment of a workplace is given in Annex B. 4.5 Use of declared values The Machinery Directive 98/37/EC

45、requires a declaration of the vibration emission value at operators position in case this value is above 0,5 m/s2. According to EN 1032, the declared value is representative of the 75-percentile of vibration values experienced in typical intended use of the machinery in the mode of operation causing

46、 the highest vibration. It also states that the emission values should not be used for assessment of the health risk. However, the declared emission values can be useful in comparison of machinery and in selection of a machine for a certain task. If declared emission values are used, together with e

47、xposure duration, in order to get a rough and conservative estimate of the daily exposure that can be expected, it should be kept in mind that the declared value may be temporarily exceeded. 5 Formulation of provisions aimed at avoiding and reducing vibration exposure In case the daily vibration exp

48、osure for an individual operator can exceed the action value of the EU Directive 2002/44/EC, a strategy for reduction and control of the vibration exposure should be formulated and implemented. If the exposure action value is not exceeded but risk is demonstrated to exist (e.g. because of exposure t

49、o high level of shocks), the strategy should include control of this risk. Elements of a strategy for the control of vibration and shock exposure may include one or more of the following activities: work task re-design, especially with regard to the main contributor to the vibration exposure; machinery or process modification, e.g. use of low-vibration machinery; CEN/TR 15172-2:20058 modification of means for reduction of vibration transmission from source to operator, e.g. selection of machine with cab suspension, appropriate