CEN TR 16787-2014 Industrial Gas Installation - Guideline《工业气体装置 导则》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationIndustrial Gas Installation GuidelinePD CEN/TR 16787:2014National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 16787:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GSE/-/5, To brief SFG_I and consider horizontal issues

2、affectinggas infrastructure.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 20

3、14.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 87375 1ICS 23.040.01; 91.140.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014. Amendm

4、ents/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 16787:2014TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16787 November 2014 ICS 23.040.01; 91.140.40 English Version Industrial Gas Installation - Guideline Installation gaz dans le domaine industri

5、el - Lignes directrices Industrielle Gasinstallationen - Leitlinien This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 3 December 2014. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/SS B25. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

6、Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMI

7、TTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16787:2014 ECEN/TR 167

8、87:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 3.1 General terms .6 3.2 Definitions relating to jointing methods 9 3.3 Definitions relating to components 10 3.4 Definitions relating to tests . 11 3.5 Definitions relating to assemb

9、ly processes for metallic materials . 11 3.6 Definitions relating to pressure regulating and metering 12 4 Safety management 13 4.1 General . 13 4.2 Maintaining records of completed gas work . 13 4.3 The technical file . 14 4.4 The construction file 15 4.5 The explosion protection document . 15 4.6

10、The declaration of conformity file . 15 5 Gas composition and characteristics . 16 5.1 Properties of gases. 16 5.1.1 Natural gas 16 5.1.2 LPG . 16 5.1.3 Non-conventional gases 17 5.1.4 Town gas (not widely available in Europe) 19 5.2 The Wobbe index and non combustion parameters . 20 5.2.1 Wobbe ind

11、ex 20 5.2.2 Non combustion parameters 21 5.3 Industrial thermal processing equipment versus variations of gas composition . 22 5.4 Industrial thermal processing equipment environmental considerations 23 6 Environment 24 7 Installation pipework 25 8 Industrial thermal equipment installations 25 9 Ins

12、pections 25 10 General safety issues . 25 Annex A (informative) Controlling air and gas flow rates versus energy content to the gas equipment 27 A.1 Principles for the measurement of air and gas flows . 27 A.1.1 General . 27 A.1.2 Diaphragm meters 27 A.1.3 Orifice plate systems 27 A.1.4 Turbine mete

13、rs 28 PD CEN/TR 16787:2014CEN/TR 16787:2014 (E) 3 A.1.5 Rotating piston meters (roots) . 28 A.1.6 Vortex flow meters 29 A.1.7 Ultrasonic flow meter 29 A.1.8 Mass flow meters . 29 A.2 Flow calculation . 30 A.3 Control energy content . 30 A.4 Flow metering and meter performance . 31 Annex B (informati

14、ve) Industrial thermal processing equipment 33 B.1 Sensitivity of gas engines and gas turbines 33 B.2 Sensitivity of some industrial thermal processes . 33 Annex C (informative) Reverse flow of gases 36 Annex D (informative) Industrial thermal processing equipment and Environmental issues 37 Annex E

15、 (informative) National implementation 38 E.1 General/introduction . 38 E.2 Safety and health of workers at work regulations . 38 E.3 Specifications from utilities and gas suppliers 38 E.4 Protection of buildings and equipment against fire 38 Annex F (informative) European Directives . 40 F.1 EU Saf

16、ety Directives 40 F.1.1 General . 40 F.1.2 Safety European Directives concerning products . 40 F.1.3 Safety European Directives concerning general public and workers . 42 F.1.4 Introduction to Directives . 43 F.1.5 Synthesis of Directives . 44 F.2 Environment EU Directives for industrial end-users .

17、 46 F.2.1 General . 46 F.2.2 Emissions Trading Scheme ETS . 46 F.2.3 Measures to reduce emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, CH4) . 47 F.2.4 Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 47 Annex G (informative) Natural gas overview 48 Annex H (informative) National data . 50 Bibliography 53 PD CEN/TR 16787:2014CEN/TR 1

18、6787:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16787:2014) has been prepared by CEN Sector Forum Gas. PD CEN/TR 16787:2014CEN/TR 16787:2014 (E) 5 Introduction Gas industry leaders acknowledge the strategic role of European and National Standards in their efforts to ensure the safety of gas installat

19、ions in industrial premises. This Technical Report has been prepared to explain to those involved with industrial premises some of the relevance of a range of Directives that affect their operations. In addition guidance is given on the terms and definitions widely in use throughout the European Uni

20、on, together with some important information on how a consumer of gas can ensure safety in operating their site. Minimizing the adverse effects on the environment is also an important consideration. European and National legislation and the related framework of standards are complex and changing at

21、an ever increasing pace. For industrial plant engineers, finding the relevant standards can be a difficult task, demands specific knowledge, and can consume a considerable amount of time. A number of the principal standards are highlighted in this Technical Report, but EU Member States may have simi

22、lar or equivalent standards covering the application. Additionally, member states may have slightly different legal systems and requirements that demand compliance. Both designers and installers play an important role in applying the current standards for design, construction, testing, commissioning

23、 and operation of all industrial gas installations. Safety is therefore improved and the full energy efficiency potential of industrial thermal processes can be utilized. It is recognized that the main reference is this Technical Report is to Natural Gas but many standards equally apply directly to

24、LPG and LPG/Air mixtures. This Technical Report is also applicable to many bio-gases, and other flammable gases, and the user will need to ensure they are aware of any different requirements needed to ensure safety. For example some gases may be very hot or corrosive, some may be wet and others may

25、contain significant quantities of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide. Hydrogen rich gases may also require special attention to material selection. Finally, due to the complexities and special needs of some types of process plant, it may be necessary to adopt higher standards of safety and to use r

26、isk assessments to ensure reliable judgements on plant safety. In applying the recommendations contained within this Technical Report it is important that the relevant requirements of national guidance standards and legislation are considered. In some cases where a lack of information is available i

27、n a member state, guidance from other member states or by other recognized national bodies such as ASME or API may be used. The range of industrial thermal process and heating equipment providing energy solutions to customers for a diverse range of applications is significant. PD CEN/TR 16787:2014CE

28、N/TR 16787:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report applies to safety and operational topics for equipment and pipework systems installed within industrial premises which may be used for process and non-process applications such as Heating, Power Generation, Incineration, etc. It is applicable to a

29、range of combustible gases used within an industrial environment. The gas plant may include normal combustion with air and/or oxygen, catalytic oxidation or cracking (e.g. as in a refinery). The user of gas equipment and pipework systems has a responsibility to ensure the safety of the design, of pl

30、ant operation and plant maintenance. For piped supplies of gas to a site this Technical Report applies to the system downstream of the point of delivery. The term, point of delivery refers to the isolation valve (or combination of regulator and isolation valve) located before or after the metering s

31、tation, as will be defined by the particular EU member state national legislation. The guidance in this Technical Report may also apply to gases generated for the sites own use, such as coke oven gas, site bio-gas plant, site LPG/air plant etc. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whol

32、e or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1775, Gas supply Gas pipework for bu

33、ildings Maximum operating pressure less than or equal to 5 bar - Functional recommendations EN 15001-1, Gas Infrastructure Gas installation pipework with an operating pressure greater than 0,5 bar for industrial installations and greater than 5 bar for industrial and non-industrial installations Par

34、t 1: Detailed functional requirements for design, materials, construction, inspection and testing EN 15001-2, Gas infrastructure Gas installation pipework with an operating pressure greater than 0,5 bar for industrial installations and greater than 5 bar for industrial and non-industrial installatio

35、ns Part 2: Detailed functional requirements for commissioning, operation and maintenance EN ISO 6976, Natural gas Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition (ISO 6976) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and

36、definitions apply. NOTE These terms and definitions are given for information as they are widely used in the gas industry. 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 air gas ratio ratio between the flow of combustion air and the flow of the fuel gas Note 1 to entry: Sometimes fuel/air ratio is used. It can either be e

37、xpressed in terms of volume or mass flows. PD CEN/TR 16787:2014CEN/TR 16787:2014 (E) 7 3.1.2 air factor ratio between the actual flow of combustion air and the stoichiometric flow of combustion air Note 1 to entry: It can be expressed in terms of volume or mass flows. 3.1.3 components any item from

38、which a gas supply system or installation is constructed Note 1 to entry: A distinction is drawn between the following groups of components: ancillaries (for example; pressure regulators, valves, safety devices, expansion joints, and insulating joints); pipes, including bends made from pipe; instrum

39、entation pipework; fittings (for example; reducers, tees, factory-made elbows, flanges, dome ends, welding stubs, and mechanical joints). 3.1.4 flexible appliance connector fitting of flexible pipe to be fitted between the end of fixed pipework and the appliance inlet connection 3.1.5 gas appliances

40、 appliances burning gaseous fuels used for cooking, heating, hot water production, refrigeration, lighting or washing and having, where applicable, a normal water temperature not exceeding 105 C, except those specifically designed for use in industrial processes carried out on industrial premises 3.

41、1.6 HAZOP hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient operation 3.1.7 industrial appliances appliances

42、 burning gaseous fuels installed in industrial premises and are subject to specific national health and safety regulations 3.1.8 pressure gauge pressure of the fluid inside the system, measured in static conditions 3.1.9 design pressure DP pressure at which the design calculations are based Note 1 t

43、o entry: This is equivalent to the maximum allowable pressure (PS) as given in the PED. 3.1.10 maximum allowable pressure PS maximum pressure for which pipework is designed in accordance with the strength requirements PD CEN/TR 16787:2014CEN/TR 16787:2014 (E) 8 3.1.11 maximum incidental pressure MIP

44、 maximum pressure at which a system can experience during a short time, limited by the safety devices 3.1.12 operating pressure OP pressure which occurs within a system under normal operating conditions 3.1.13 maximum operating pressure MOP maximum pressure at which a system can be operated continuo

45、usly under normal operating conditions Note 1 to entry: Normal operating conditions are: no fault in any device or stream. 3.1.14 tightness test pressure TTP pressure applied to a system during tightness testing 3.1.15 strength test pressure STP pressure applied to a system during strength testing 3

46、.1.16 combined test pressure CTP pressure applied to a system during combined testing 3.1.17 risk assessment identification, evaluation, and estimation of the levels of risks involved in a situation, their comparison against benchmarks or standards, and determination of an acceptable level of risk N

47、ote 1 to entry: In this sense Risk is, the likelihood and consequence of a hazard being realized. 3.1.18 point of delivery point of transfer of ownership of gas from the supplier to the customer Note 1 to entry: This can be at a means of isolation or at the meter outlet connection. Note 2 to entry:

48、This can be isolation valve (or combination of regulator and isolation valve) located before or after the metering station, as defined by the particular EU member state. 3.1.19 user(s) person (s) responsible for the safety of the gas installation and associated risks on a site Note 1 to entry: Norma

49、lly the user will be the site occupier or owner. It should be assumed that every user has a responsibility for work performed on their site, whether or not the work is performed directly for the user or not. This does not mean that they cannot take advice from an independent specialist. PD CEN/TR 16787:2014CEN/TR 16787:2014 (E) 9 3.1.20 pipework assembly of pipes and fittings 3.1.21 installation pipework pipework downstream of the point of delivery terminating at the appliance inlet connection Note 1 to entry: This pipework is normally the p