CEN TR 17113-2017 Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Radiation from construction products - Dose assessment of emitted gamma radiation.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Radiation from construction products - Dose assessment of emitted gamma radiationPD CEN/TR 17113:2017TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER

2、 BERICHT CEN/TR 17113 October 2017 ICS 91.100.01 English Version Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Radiation from construction products - Dose assessment of emitted gamma radiation Produits de construction - Evaluation de lmission de substances dangereuses Dterm

3、ination de lestimation dosimtrique et classification en fonction de lmission de rayonnement gamma Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefhrlichen Stoffen - Festlegung des Verfahrens zur Beurteilung der Strahlendosis und Klassifizierung von emittierter Gammastrahlung This Technical Report was

4、 approved by CEN on 28 May 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 351. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungar

5、y, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CE

6、N-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17113:2017 ENational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 17113:2017.The UK parti

7、cipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/557, Construction products - Assessment of dangerous substances.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisio

8、ns of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 93565 7ICS 91.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published

9、 under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 17113:2017TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17113 October 2017 ICS 91.100.01 English Version

10、 Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Radiation from construction products - Dose assessment of emitted gamma radiation Produits de construction - Evaluation de lmission de substances dangereuses Dtermination de lestimation dosimtrique et classification en fonction

11、 de lmission de rayonnement gamma Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefhrlichen Stoffen - Festlegung des Verfahrens zur Beurteilung der Strahlendosis und Klassifizierung von emittierter Gammastrahlung This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 May 2017. It has been drawn up by the Tec

12、hnical Committee CEN/TC 351. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta

13、, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2

14、017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17113:2017 EPD CEN/TR 17113:2017CEN/TR 17113:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Terms and definitions . 7 3 European Regulatory Framewor

15、k 9 3.1 Provisions on radiation protection 9 3.2 Provisions on the marketing of construction products under the CPR 10 3.3 Radon exhalation from building materials . 11 4 Provisions for dose assessment 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Principle of calculation 11 4.3 Room model . 12 4.4 Basic assumptions 13 4

16、.4.1 General . 13 4.4.2 Shielding effect of materials for cosmic radiation . 14 4.4.3 Conversion factor for absorbed dose in air 14 4.4.4 Occupancy . 14 4.4.5 Activity concentrations for reference concrete in Europe 14 4.5 Graded approach to dose assessment taking into account density and thickness

17、14 4.6 Assessment of indoor gamma exposure due to building materials and construction products . 17 4.6.1 General . 17 4.6.2 Composite material . 18 4.6.3 Dose assessment for concrete coated with a layer of thin material 19 4.6.4 Roof tiles 19 4.6.5 Materials not complying to Formula (3) 20 4.6.6 Co

18、nclusive . 20 Annex A (informative) Calculation of external gamma dose rate 21 A.1 Calculation of gamma dose rate 21 A.2 Parameters for a simple computer program . 23 Annex B (informative) Examples of dose assessment using Table 2 25 B.1 Example 1: Exposure to gamma radiation in a concrete room wher

19、e the 226Ra and 232Th concentrations are slightly above average 25 B.2 Example 2: Exposure to gamma radiation in a room where the walls are made of material with elevated 226Ra and 232Th concentrations and the floor and ceiling of typical concrete . 26 B.3 Example 3: Exposure to gamma radiation in a

20、 room with concrete floor and ceiling, and cavity walls with brick and limestone 27 Annex C (informative) Estimate of indoor gamma dose based on mass per unit area as control parameter 29 PD CEN/TR 17113:2017CEN/TR 17113:2017 (E) 3 Annex D (informative) Validation of the dose modelling and a density

21、 corrected index formula . 33 D.1 General . 33 D.2 Calculations 33 D.3 Conclusion . 38 Annex E (informative) Considerations on and justification for choosing an appropriate room size . 39 E.1 General . 39 E.2 Chosen dimensions for the model room 40 E.3 Calculation of values given in Table E.1 . 41 E

22、.3.1 Rooms 1a and 1b, with dimensions 12 m 7 m 2,8 m . 41 E.3.2 Rooms 2a and 2b, with dimensions 3 m 4 m 2,5 m 41 E.4 Specific dose rates from different structures in the EN 16516 model room . 42 Bibliography . 46 PD CEN/TR 17113:2017CEN/TR 17113:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 17

23、113:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 “Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN sha

24、ll not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. PD CEN/TR 17113:2017CEN/TR 17113:2017 (E) 5 Introduction The aim of this report is to propose a d

25、ose assessment methodology that accounts for factors such as density or thickness of the material as well as factors relating to the type of construction and the intended use of the material (bulk or superficial) as required by Annex VIII of the 2013/59/EURATOM 1. This approach is specially needed f

26、or building materials and construction products with an index exceeding 1 but that nonetheless may comply with the 1 mSv per year reference level established in the 2013/59/EURATOM 1. NOTE Although the methodology is centred around the reference level of 1 mSv established in the 2013/59/EURATOM, the

27、 methodology is also applicable if a reference value other than 1 mSv per year is selected. In that case, the selected dose value D and its corresponding index value I is adjusted accordingly. In 1996, natural radiation sources were already included in the standards established by Euratom as well as

28、 those established by the IAEA 2. Since then, the European Commission has moved ahead publishing, on a regular basis, technical support guidance and recommendations on Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) issues. In 1997, for instance, recommendations 3 were published to help deal with “s

29、ignificant increase in exposure due to natural radiations“. In 1999, the European Commission published radiological protection principles concerning the natural radioactivity of building materials 4 and reference levels for workplaces processing materials with enhanced levels of naturally occurring

30、radionuclides 5. Lastly, in 2001 the European Commission published recommendations dealing with exemption and clearance levels for NORM residues 6. These recommendations have provided Member States with criteria and a sound technical framework to help establish national regulations for NORM and buil

31、ding materials. Some Member States have already included all or parts of these recommendations in their regulatory framework anticipating the new EU directive. Subsequently, the European Commission decided to harmonize, promote and consolidate the main recommendations, introducing them into a new Co

32、uncil directive (2013/59/Euratom 1) laying down basic safety standards for the protection against the danger arising from exposure to ionising radiation. This BSS directive was officially issued in January 2014. Member States have four years to transpose and implement this directive and according to

33、 the Euratom treaty, these members will before then, communicate to the Commission their existing and draft provisions. The Commission will then make appropriate recommendations for harmonizing the provisions amongst member States. Requirements of this directive (2013/59/EURATOM, 1) dealing with bui

34、lding materials are hereby presented. They should be taken into account along with the 2011 EU regulation laying down harmonized conditions for the marketing of construction products (EU no 305/2011) 7, so called CPR, containing many relevant articles which complement the aforesaid directive. Both E

35、U regulatory documents constitute the new basis for building material radiation protection regulation and should be soon followed by more detailed EU guidance and standards of which this document (CEN/TR 17113) should be part. The European Commission (EC) has mandated the CEN to establish EU harmoni

36、zed standards regarding dose assessment of emitted gamma radiation from construction products. The EC has also informed CEN (CEN/TC 351, Berlin 11 February 2013) that the aim is to establish one test method per product, or product type, that the method should be demonstrably robust and should be ado

37、pted by all Member States as soon as the 2013/59/EURATOM comes into force. This document can help Member State regulators to complete the 2013/59/EURATOM and CPR regulatory framework covering a screening tool, dose modelling, and related technical information about radiation protection. Amongst othe

38、rs, the following recommendations were discussed by the CEN and the EC for the content of this document: PD CEN/TR 17113:2017CEN/TR 17113:2017 (E) 6 The scope will exclude radon and thoron exhalation from building materials because this exhalation is dealt with in a different manner in the EU regula

39、tion. Regulatory explanations are given in Clause 3. Main assumptions, coefficients and conversion factors are taken into account. The methodology enables establishing which building materials may lead to a dose exceeding 1 mSv per year for a member of the public or which building materials can be e

40、xempted from further restrictions. Mass per unit area (kg/m2) of the material will be considered in the approach keeping a dose estimate model based on similar room models as the one used to establish the index mentioned in the 2013/59/EURATOM. Additional sensitivity analysis regarding the room geom

41、etry is presented in Annex E to demonstrate that there is no more than 10 % of influence of such geometry upon the determination of doses. Lastly, it is important to underline that the EU regulatory philosophy is to ensure that gamma doses from building materials to a member of the public remain und

42、er 1 mSv per year in addition to outdoor external exposure (2013/59/EURATOM Article 75) 1. A simplified model, so called “index“ in the 2013/59/EURATOM is also proposed as a conservative screening tool ensuring that materials with an index I less than 1 do not present any risk exceeding 1 mSv per ye

43、ar of indoor gamma radiation, in any construction, to a member of the public. Annex VIII of the 2013/59/EURATOM Directive presents such an index requiring determination of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. For the purposes of this determination, CEN/TC 351 has developed a test method to be published first as a

44、Technical Specification (TS) and later after completed validation as a European Standard (EN). In certain cases, there is a need to assess dose more precisely as described in Annex VIII of the 2013/59/EURATOM Directive. This TR presents such a formula for more sophisticated calculation of dose. It c

45、ould serve as basis for a European approach supporting the implementation of the 2013/59/EURATOM Directive taking place in member states, also from a harmonized approach point of view. As determination of three radionuclides of gamma radiation according to an EN (TS) will be part of obligations of p

46、roduct manufacturers and will be referred to in harmonized product standards under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR; EU 305/2011) (hEN) it is proposed that assessment of dose could be consequently described in an EN. This Technical Report presents the state-of-the-art on dose assessment pre

47、sented in RP 112 4 and now further developed into the form of a more sophisticated formula. It has been noticed that for credibility reasons exact correctness of all background data must be further checked. It is proposed that this could take place when developing a European Standard. PD CEN/TR 1711

48、3:2017CEN/TR 17113:2017 (E) 7 1 Scope The aim of this Technical Report is to propose a methodology to determine indoor gamma dose from building materials and to help classify such a product as required in the Construction Products Regulation 7. This first technical approach could be a precursor for

49、the development of a harmonized European Standard based on this methodology. NOTE 1 In this Technical Report, doses from radon and thoron exhalation are excluded. However, in 3.3, information is given on how radon exhalation is dealt with in (EU)2013/59/Euratom, the Basic Safety Standards Directive (2013/59/EURATOM) 1. NOTE 2 Compliance with national exemption levels for NORM nuclides remains. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16687 8 and the followi