1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 614-3:2010Safety of machineryPart 3: Ergonomic principles for the designof mobile machineryPD CEN/TR 614-3:2010 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Docume
2、nt is the UK implementation of CEN/TR614-3:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the n
3、ecessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 70698 1ICS 13.110; 13.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Str
4、ategy Committee on 31 December 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 614-3:2010TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 614-3 November 2010 ICS 13.110 English Version Safety of machinery - Part 3: Ergonomic principles for the design of mobile machin
5、ery Scurit des machines - Partie 3: Principes ergonomiques pour la conception de machines mobiles Sicherheit von Maschinen - Teil 3: Ergonomische Grundstze fr die Gestaltung von mobilen Maschinen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 23 August 2010. It has been drawn up by the Technical Commi
6、ttee CEN/TC 122. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, S
7、lovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldw
8、ide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 614-3:2010: EPD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction .51 Scope 62 Terms and definitions .63 General design principles .83.1 General 83.2 Ergonomic design principles concerning anthropometry and biomechanics 83.3 E
9、rgonomic design principles concerning work tasks .83.4 Accessible design for people with special requirements .84 Design of workplaces 84.1 General 84.2 Workspace 94.2.1 General 94.2.2 Leg space .94.2.3 Work space height considerations for seated positions .94.2.4 Work space height considerations fo
10、r standing positions .94.2.5 Arm space and reach envelopes 94.2.6 Field of vision to displays and control actuators .94.3 Seated operator . 104.3.1 Seat design and adjustment 104.3.2 Seat suspension . 114.4 Standing operator . 114.5 Access system design . 114.5.1 General . 114.5.2 Stairs and ladders
11、 . 124.5.3 Handrails 134.5.4 Access path . 135 Design of signals, displays and control actuators 135.1 General . 135.2 Functions . 145.2.1 General . 145.2.2 Graphical symbols 145.3 Signals and displays 145.3.1 General . 145.3.2 Visual signals and displays . 145.3.3 Auditory signals 155.3.4 Tactile d
12、isplays/controls 155.4 Control actuators 155.4.1 General . 155.4.2 Position of control actuators . 165.4.3 Direction of motion . 165.4.4 Operating force . 175.4.5 Reaction time (speed) control system 175.4.6 Accuracy 186 Mental workload 187 Visibility . 187.1 General . 187.2 Visibility conditions to
13、 the outside . 18PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 3 7.3 Mirrors and other visibility aids . 197.4 Windows . 198 Environmental factors . 208.1 General . 208.2 Lighting. 208.2.1 Integral lighting 208.2.2 Working lights 208.3 Thermal environment 208.3.1 General . 208.3.2 Optimal thermal condit
14、ions 218.3.3 Closed cabin 218.4 Ventilation 218.5 Noise . 218.6 Vibration . 228.6.1 Exposure to vibration 228.6.2 Reduction of vibration effects 229 Information for use 23Annex A (informative) Method for assessing the level of visibility . 24A.1 General . 24A.2 Defining the necessary level of visibi
15、lity 24A.3 Checking the minimum visibility . 24Annex B (informative) Method for assessing vibration 25B.1 Method for the determination of whole-body vibration emission 25B.2 Method for testing suspension seats 25Bibliography 26PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/T
16、R 614-3:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identify
17、ing any or all such patent rights. During the development of this document the Technical Committee has referred to the recommendations made within CEN/CENELEC Guide 6 to address the specific needs of older persons and persons with disabilities. CEN/TR 614-3:2010 contains the following annexes: Annex
18、 A (informative) Method for assessing the level of visibility Annex B (informative) Method for assessing vibration PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 5 Introduction Mobile machinery considering ergonomic design principles enhances safety, effectiveness and efficiency, improve human working co
19、nditions, and counteract adverse effects on human health and performance. Good ergonomic design therefore exerts a favourable influence on the whole work system, and on the reliability of the human being within it. In this Technical Report the term ergonomics refers to a multidisciplinary field of s
20、cience and its application. Applying ergonomics to the design of operators station and/or workplaces considering the elements of the work system ensures that human capabilities, skills, limitations and needs are taken into account. This Technical Report deals with common aspects for the ergonomics d
21、esign principles of mobile machinery. This Technical Report contains different types of information to be considered and used when designing the ergonomics aspects of a mobile machinery. Some clauses provide general guidance to be considered in the design of mobile machinery. Other clauses include m
22、ore specific design guidance and requirements relevant to current technology. PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report establishes the ergonomic principles to be followed during the design process of mobile machinery with special emphasis on the aspects in which mobi
23、le machinery differs from static machinery. The ergonomic design principles given in this Technical Report apply to either or both seated and standing positions. This Technical Report is applicable for the design of mobile (self-propelled and towable) machines in order to ensure ergonomic working co
24、nditions for the operator. This Technical Report applies only to driving and operating mobile machinery and not to performing other tasks (e.g. sorters on a potato harvesting machine). Pedestrian-controlled and handheld machinery are not included. This Technical Report also applies to vehicle-mounte
25、d machinery when observing their functional properties e.g. mobile cranes. Installing, cleaning, and repairing of mobile machinery is not included. Basic concepts and general ergonomic principles for the design of machinery are dealt with in prEN ISO 12100 and EN 614-1 and EN 614-2. NOTE 1 EN 614-1
26、provides a framework for incorporating ergonomics principles in the design process. This framework helps designers to perform ergonomics analyses and design actions at the appropriate stages of the design process. NOTE 2 EN 614-2 provides principles of the design of the work tasks in interaction wit
27、h machinery design. This framework helps designers to focus on the work task design and on the optimal allocation of work tasks between the operator and the machine. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the definitions given in EN 614-1, prEN ISO 12100 and the following
28、 apply. 2.1 access process of getting to or out of: operators station or workplace(s); maintenance and service areas NOTE Getting out of or off a machine is also called “egress“. 2.2 access system system provided on a machine for access NOTE This definition is compatible with the definition for eart
29、h-moving machines in EN ISO 2867:2008, 3.1. 2.3 cabin enclosure around the operators station or operators workplace(s) PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 7 2.4 handrail handhold top element designed to be grasped by the hand for body support which can be used individually or as the upper part
30、 of a guard-rail EN ISO 14122-3:2001, 3.2.1 2.5 operators station workplace of the operator location on the mobile machine where the operator controls some or all of his tasks 2.6 seat index point SIP point on the central vertical plane of the seat NOTE 1 SIP is determined by the device shown in Fig
31、ure 1 of EN ISO 5353:1998, when installed in the seat as specified in EN ISO 5353:1998, 5.3. NOTE 2 The SIP is fixed with respect to the machine and does not move with the seat through its adjustment and/or oscillation range. NOTE 3 The SIP as established and defined by this International Standard m
32、ay be considered, for operator work-place design purposes, to be equivalent to the intersection on the central vertical plane through the seat centerline of the theoretical pivot axis between a human torso and thighs. EN ISO 5353:1998, 3.1 2.7 stair fixed means of access with an angel of pitch from
33、more than 20 up to 45, whose horizontal elements are steps (see Figure 1) Figure 1 20 angle of pitch 45 EN ISO 14122-1:2001, 3.3 PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 8 2.8 three point support feature of an access system that enables a person to use simultaneously two hands and one foot or two f
34、eet and one hand while ascending, descending or moving about on the machine EN ISO 2867:2008 3 General design principles 3.1 General The general ergonomics design principles set out in EN ISO 6385 and EN 614-1 apply also for mobile machinery. 3.2 Ergonomic design principles concerning anthropometry
35、and biomechanics Special consideration needs to be given to: dimensioning of the operators work station; safety distances; dimensions for access; manual handling of component parts during assembly and disassembly (e.g. by marking the mass of the main parts). Information on anthropometrical aspects o
36、f the European population is given in EN 547-1 to EN 547-3 and EN ISO 14738. Biomechanical aspects are covered by EN 1005-1 to EN 1005-5. For safety distances, consider EN ISO 13857. 3.3 Ergonomic design principles concerning work tasks The general ergonomics principles for work task design set out
37、in EN 614-2 apply also for mobile machinery. 3.4 Accessible design for people with special requirements Where it is required, the designer should take account of people with special requirements and apply ergonomic principles to accessible design and assistive technology in order to enable the use o
38、f machinery by people with special requirements. NOTE Special needs includes sensory abilities like vision, tactile and acoustic input, physical abilities like dexterity, manipulation, movement, voice, strength and endurance, cognitive abilities like intellect, memory, language and literacy and alle
39、rgies like contact allergy and respiratory allergy. For further information see CEN/CENELEC Guide 6 and ISO/TR 22411. 4 Design of workplaces 4.1 General It is advisable that the operators station or workplace is designed, constructed and/or equipped to ensure that the operator has good operating con
40、ditions and is protected against foreseeable ergonomics hazards (for instance: temperature, air flow and humidity, noise and vibration, inadequate visibility, mental overload). PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 9 For most mobile machinery the sitting working position is the preferred work po
41、sition for the operator during operation as it is the most stable working position. For some mobile machines a standing work position may be required for work tasks, e.g. when the operator has to leave the machine frequently. 4.2 Workspace 4.2.1 General Consideration of the operators body dimensions
42、 (including clothing and helmet where appropriate) and task demands is a precondition in designing the operators workspace. Sufficient space for movements of the head, trunk, arms and legs is necessary in order to control the mobile machinery. Make sure that the operator is able from either a sittin
43、g or standing position to move his arms freely and to turn the upper body in an obstacle free space. For minimum operator space envelope in earth moving machines, see EN ISO 3411:2007, Clause 5. 4.2.2 Leg space The following requirements concerning leg space are essential: foot and leg space for the
44、 operating position; foot and leg space to access the operating position. NOTE The preferable location for foot-operated controls for a seated operator of earth moving machines within the “zone of comfort“ is given in EN ISO 6682. 4.2.3 Work space height considerations for seated positions The minim
45、um distance between the SIP (see 2.6) and the head guard or cabin roof can be defined according to EN ISO 3411:2007, Clause 5. 4.2.4 Work space height considerations for standing positions When operating a mobile machine in standing position it is important that the work space height ensures enough
46、space between the roof and the operator and that the space is suitable for tasks requiring good visibility. NOTE The minimum space envelope for a standing operator can be determined according to EN ISO 3411:2007, 5.1. 4.2.5 Arm space and reach envelopes The minimum space and reach envelope for the a
47、rms (to meet the “zone of comfort“) are given in EN ISO 6682. When reversing mobile machinery with a non-turning seat provide sufficient space for placing the non-steering arm behind the backrest. 4.2.6 Field of vision to displays and control actuators While designing horizontal monitoring area take
48、 into account the field of vision and the necessary movements of eye, head and body. The information about optimal and necessary horizontal and vertical fields of vision can be found in EN 894-2. See also Clause 8 of this Technical Report. PD CEN/TR 614-3:2010CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E) 10 For maximum field of vision, see EN ISO 14738. 4.3 Seated operator 4.3.1 Seat design and adjustment Seats need to be designed with due regard to the nature of operation of the machinery. To minimize whole body vibration a seat suspension on mobile machinery is recomme
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