CEN TS 13714-2013 Characterization of sludges - Sludge management in relation to use or disposal《污泥特性 污泥处理有关使用或处置》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 13714:2013Characterization of sludges Sludge management in relationto use or disposalPD CEN/TS 13714:2013 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 13714:2013. It supersedes PD CEN/TR 13714:2010 which iswithdrawn.

2、The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/5, Sludge characterization.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are

3、 responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 83995 5ICS 77.060; 93.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of

4、theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 13714:2013TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 13714 July 2013 ICS 77.060; 93.140 Supersedes CEN/TR 13714:2010English Version Chara

5、cterization of sludges - Sludge management in relation to use or disposal Caractrisation des boues - Gestion des boues en vue de leur valorisation ou de leur limination Charakterisierung von Schlmmen - Management von Schlamm zur Verwertung oder Beseitigung This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was a

6、pproved by CEN on 27 August 2012 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Sta

7、ndard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final deci

8、sion about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

9、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marni

10、x 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 13714:2013: EPD CEN/TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and defi

11、nitions and abbreviated terms 7 3.1 Terms and definitions 7 3.2 Abbreviated terms 7 4 Waste hierarchy . 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Context . 9 5 Management of sludge quality - Upstream processes . 9 5.1 General . 9 5.2 Municipal wastewater sludges 9 5.3 Setting limits for discharges from industrial and c

12、ommercial premises to municipal sewers 10 5.4 Other factors 10 5.4.1 General . 10 5.4.2 Protection of biological municipal wastewater treatment processes 11 5.4.3 Protection of biological sludge treatment processes. 11 5.4.4 Protection of environmental quality in the receiving watercourse 11 5.4.5 P

13、rotection of sewer fabric 11 5.4.6 Protection of sewer maintenance workers 11 5.5 Minimising contamination including diffuse sources in municipal wastewater . 11 6 Sludge management 12 6.1 Measures upstream of water and wastewater treatment facilities . 12 6.1.1 Source prevention 12 6.1.2 Source red

14、uction 12 6.2 Measures at sites of sludge production and processing . 12 6.2.1 Water and Wastewater treatment processes 12 6.2.2 Sludge treatment 12 6.3 Solutions for recycling recovery and disposal . 14 6.3.1 General . 14 6.3.2 Application to land (see CEN/TR 13097 16 and CEN/TR 13983 17) . 14 6.3.

15、3 Other uses 14 6.3.4 Energy recovery . 14 6.3.5 Component recovery . 15 6.4 Disposal 15 7 Operational good practices . 16 7.1 General . 16 7.2 Upstream of the sludge production site 16 7.2.1 General . 16 7.2.2 Communication process between all participants upstream of the sludge production . 16 7.2

16、.3 Sewerage system structure improvement and maintenance . 16 7.3 At the sludge production site 17 7.3.1 General . 17 7.3.2 General guidelines for operations . 17 7.3.3 Storage . 17 7.3.4 Site access . 18 8 Strategic evaluation of options and links with the other good practice documents . 18 PD CEN/

17、TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 3 8.1 General . 18 8.2 Sludge quantity assessment 18 8.3 Sludge quality . 18 8.4 Developing a strategy for sludge use/disposal . 19 Annex A (informative) Best Practicable Environmental Option for sludges use or disposal 20 Annex B (informative) Environmental checkl

18、ist . 21 Bibliography 23 PD CEN/TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 13714:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the element

19、s of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TR 13714:2010. This document gives recommendations for good practice, but existing national regulations remain in force

20、. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Fran

21、ce, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 5 Introduction The purpose of this Tec

22、hnical Specification is to outline the management of sludges both upstream and downstream of the treatment process to ensure that it is suitable for the outlets available. Sludge is the inevitable residue of treating raw potable water and municipal and industrial wastewaters. This Technical Specific

23、ation refers to all types of sludge covered by CEN/TC 308 including sludges from treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater and from water supply treatment work plants. In considering the likely quality of sludges, it should be remembered that municipal wastewater sludges are compose

24、d of materials that have already been disposed of and are consequently likely to be more variable than many industrial sludges that arise from sourced materials or water treatment sludges arising from surface water or groundwater. The quality of the sludge should match the requirements of the outlet

25、s whether that be to land, thermal processing or as a last resort landfill. As a general rule a high quality sludge is likely to be acceptable to a large range of outlets giving greater operational flexibility. High quality sludges are likely to be suitable for those outlets associated with maximum

26、sustainability and minimum environmental pollution. The management of sludges will become increasingly more complex as environmental standards become more stringent and if outlets become more constrained by legislation and public attitudes. Sludge quality is central to the development of good practi

27、ce for sludge production in relation to its destination (use or disposal). Sludge quality depends on the composition of the upstream materials and the type of treatment including post treatment storage. Sludge quality can be characterised by its different properties; biological, chemical and physica

28、l: a) biological properties include the microbiological stability of the organic matter in the sludge, odour and hygienic characteristics; b) chemical properties include: 1) content of potentially toxic substances (PTSs) which include inorganic (metals, metalloids, and other minerals), and organic p

29、ollutants; 2) concentrations and form (availability) of plant nutrients and the main components of the sludge; c) physical properties include whether liquid, semi-solid (pasty-like) or solid, and aesthetic factors associated for instance with removal of unsightly debris by effective screening. Calor

30、ific value is a quality criterion if the sludge is to be incinerated or used as a fuel. Other physical properties include, thickenability and dewaterability. The consistency of these different properties is a critical aspect of the sludge quality and of the ability to determine its end destination (

31、use or disposal). Standard methods should be used where these are available to measure the quality parameters of sludge. There is a continuing need to develop a full set of standardised and harmonised methods which the manager and operator can use to evaluate the quality of sludge for treatment proc

32、ess design and operational purposes. This Technical Specification considers the management of sludges against the waste hierarchy, the management of sludge quality and an option evaluation process to determine the options available. PD CEN/TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 6 Figure 1 A basic scheme

33、 for deciding on sewage sludge use/disposal options and the relevant CEN/TC 308 guidance documents PD CEN/TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 7 1 Scope This Technical Specification gives guidance for dealing with the production and control of sludge in relation to inputs and treatment and gives a str

34、ategic evaluation of recovery, recycling and disposal options for sludge according to its properties and the availability of outlets. This Technical Specification is applicable for sludges from: storm water handling; night soil; urban wastewater collecting systems; urban wastewater treatment plants;

35、 treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC 1); water supply treatment plants; but excluding hazardous sludges from industry. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are in

36、dispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1085:2007, Wastewater treatment Vocabulary EN 12832:1999, Characterization of sludges Utilization and di

37、sposal of sludges Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1085:2007 and EN 12832:1999 and the following apply. 3.1.1 industrial wastewater trade wastewater trade effluent wastewater di

38、scharge resulting from any industrial or commercial activity 3.1.2 urban wastewater municipal wastewater wastewater from municipal areas consisting predominantly of domestic wastewater and which may additionally contain surface water, infiltration water, trade or industrial wastewater 3.2 Abbreviate

39、d terms The following abbreviated terms, necessary for the understanding of this specification, apply: BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand PD CEN/TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 8 BPEO: Best Practicable Environmental Option COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand EQO/EQS: Environmental Quality Objectives/Environm

40、ental Quality Standards PTS: Potentially Toxic Substance 4 Waste hierarchy 4.1 General In order that the management of waste be conducted in an increasingly sustainable manner, the EU encourages a waste hierarchy as a framework by which Member States should develop their strategy for waste managemen

41、t (EU Directive 75/442/EEC (see 2) as amended by 91/156/EEC (see 3). Figure 2 The waste hierarchy Including sludges This hierarchy encourages: a) firstly, the prevention or reduction of waste production and its harmfulness, in particular by: 1) development and implementation of clean technologies mo

42、re sparing in their use of natural resources; 2) technical development and marketing of products designed so as to make no contribution or to make the smallest possible contribution, by the nature of their manufacture, use or final disposal, to increasing the amount or harmfulness of waste and pollu

43、tion hazards; 3) development of appropriate techniques for the final disposal of dangerous substances contained in waste destined for recovery; b) secondly, the best possible use of waste: 1) recovery of waste by means of recycling, re-use or reclamation or any other process with a view to extractin

44、g secondary raw materials; 2) or the use of waste as a source of energy. The hierarchy places disposal as the last management choice. PD CEN/TS 13714:2013CEN/TS 13714:2013 (E) 9 Four of the stages within the hierarchy can be applied to sludges, namely reduction, recycling, recovery and disposal. Obv

45、iously, the latter is the least desirable and efforts should be made to minimise the proportion of sludge which is disposed of, by the adoption of clean technologies, recycling and recovery strategies. The waste hierarchy can be applied equally to activities upstream of the sludge production process

46、 and to the processes employed within the treatment process. These are discussed separately below. In considering what management options should be selected, all stages in the sequence of sludge production and its ultimate fate should be scrutinised. 4.2 Context The overall objective of a sludge man

47、agement strategy should be to find outlets for the sludge which are safe, environmentally acceptable (carbon foot print), secure and economic. The availability of outlets (see Clause 8) determines how sludge should be treated. In order to do this, it is important to address quality (Clause 5) and ma

48、nagement processes (Clause 6) and operational practices (Clause 7). 5 Management of sludge quality - Upstream processes 5.1 General The significant difference between municipal sludges and industrial sludges and to a certain extent water treatment sludges is the degree and complexity of control over

49、 the inputs. Industrial sludges usually arise from the processing of sourced materials and control over their content and consequently the quality of sludge can often be made by analysis of the materials and in many cases by the imposition of quality standards on them. This may not always be possible for instance in the amount of bacteriocides and fungicides in paper waste collected for recycling which could vary from batch to batch. River waters can carry a range of pollutants which could enter the sludge and operators should be aware