CEN TS 15862-2012 Characterisation of waste - Compliance leaching test - One stage batch leaching test for monoliths at fixed liquid to surface area ratio (L A) for test portions w.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationCharacterization of waste Compliance Leaching Test One stage batch leaching test for monoliths at a fixed liquid to surface area ratio (L/A) for test portions with fixed minimum

2、dimensionsPD CEN/TS 15862:2012National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15862:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeB/508, Waste Management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterization ofwaste.A list of organizations represen

3、ted on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 6380

4、1 5ICS 13.030.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD C

5、EN/TS 15862:2012TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15862 July 2012 ICS 13.030.10 English Version Characterisation of waste - Compliance leaching test - One stage batch leaching test for monoliths at fixed liquid to surface area ratio (L/A) for test portion

6、s with fixed minimum dimensionsCaractrisation des dchets - Essai de lixiviation de conformit - Essai de lixiviation en bche unique pour des monolithes avec un rapport liquide/surface (L/A) fixe, pour des prises dessai de dimensions minimales fixes Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Auslaugung zur berei

7、nstimmungsuntersuchung - Einstufiges Auslaugungsverfahren fr monolithische Abflle bei festgelegtem Flssigkeit/Oberflche-Verhltnis (L/A) fr Prfmengen mit festgelegten Mindestabmessungen This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 6 December 2010 for provisional application. The perio

8、d of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/T

9、S in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

10、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan

11、d, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form a

12、nd by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15862:2012: EPD CEN/TS 15862:2012CEN/TS 15862:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .64 Principle 75 Reagents .76 Equipment 76.1 General 76.2 Laboratory e

13、quipment .77 Sample preparation .97.1 Laboratory sample .97.2 Test portion 97.2.1 Preparation of the test portion: 97.2.2 Influence of curing time and ageing of the test portion 97.2.3 Storage conditions of the test portion 108 Procedure 108.1 Testing conditions 108.2 Description of the single batch

14、 leaching test 108.2.1 Preparation 108.2.2 Leaching procedure . 108.3 Further preparation of the eluate for analysis . 118.4 Blank test for the verification of the leaching procedure . 119 Calculations and expression of results 1110 Documentation and test report . 1210.1 General . 1210.2 General dat

15、a 1210.3 Sample preparation 1210.4 Production of the eluate . 1210.5 Analytical procedure 1310.6 Blank test information 1310.7 Results of the leaching test . 1311 Test performance 13Annex A (informative) Example of data sheet showing the reporting of key elements mentioned in CEN/TS 15862 14A.1 Labo

16、ratory sample 14A.2 Test portion . 14A.3 Leaching test . 14A.4 Blank test . 14A.5 Results of the leaching test . 15Annex B (informative) Examples of data about the L/A ratio. 16Annex C (informative) Examples of factors influencing the leaching release of monolithic waste 17Annex D (informative) Proc

17、ess map for CEN/TS 15862 19Bibliography . 21PD CEN/TS 15862:2012CEN/TS 15862:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15862:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some

18、 of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for compliance testing within the EU and EFTA countries. This

19、document was elaborated on the basis of: NF X 31-211:2000; NEN 7345:1995; NORM S 2116-4. This document specifies compliance tests. For basic characterization a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste has been developed and formulated in EN 12920. Anyone dealing with wast

20、e and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Con

21、sequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurise sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations should

22、 be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De

23、nmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 15

24、862:2012CEN/TS 15862:2012 (E) 4 Introduction In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as a main mechanism of release wh

25、ich results in a potential risk to the environment during the disposal of waste materials. The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviou

26、r can be addressed in one standard. Procedure to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive1and the Decision on Annex II of this Directi

27、ve2for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necessary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, co

28、nsistency, leachability, etc.), information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling

29、 leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as wel

30、l as information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the composition of the waste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testin

31、g is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic characterization and through that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The comp

32、liance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic characterization tests can also be used for compliance purposes. c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been

33、 subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The procedure described in this document is a compliance leaching test and falls in category b). 1Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2Council Decisi

34、on 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. PD CEN/TS 15862:2012CEN/TS 15862:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies a compliance test for routine testing providing information on the leaching of monolithic waste which can be obtained under the experimental conditions specified hereafter wi

35、th a single batch leaching test at a specified liquid to surface area ratio (L/A) of 12 (cm3cm-2). It applies to test portion of monolithic waste of regular shape, with a minimum dimension of 40 mm in all directions, obtained e.g. by cutting, coring or moulding. This document is not applicable if th

36、e surface area of the test portion cannot be determined by simple geometrical means. This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents nor the consequences of mi

37、crobiological processes in organic degradable wastes. The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which subsequently need to be characterized physically and chemically, according to appropriate standard methods. NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirement of regular shape

38、, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. NOTE 2 This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release. This

39、 leaching test does not provide information by itself on dynamic leaching behaviour, as specified in EN 12920. It does not give information on equilibrium conditions. For specific situations or basic characterization, other tests are available in the toolbox of CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste“

40、. This document does not address issues related to health and safety. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenc

41、es, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14346, Characterisation of waste Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content EN 15002, Characterisation of waste Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample EN ISO 3696

42、, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water samples (ISO 5667-3) PD CEN/TS 15862:2012CEN/TS 15862:2012 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document,

43、 the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 eluate solution obtained from a leaching test SOURCE: EN 12457-1:2002, 3.1 3.2 laboratory sample sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory SOURCE: IUPAC:1997, 3.2 Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared (redu

44、ced) by subdividing, mixing, grinding or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for analy

45、sis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. Note 2 to entry: Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different pur

46、poses. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample. 3.3 leachant liquid that is brought into contact with the test portion in the leaching procedure Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this document the leachant

47、 is water as specified in 5.1. 3.4 leaching test test during which a material is put into contact with a leachant and some constituents of the material are extracted SOURCE: EN 12457-1:2002, 3.4 3.5 liquid volume to surface area ratio L/A ratio between the amount of liquid (L), which, at any time of

48、 the test, is in contact with the waste, and the surface area of the test portion (A) Note 1 to entry: L/A is expressed in mlcm-2.3.6 monolithic waste waste which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the cons

49、idered scenario (see EN 12457-1:2002) 3.7 release emission of constituents from waste which pass through the external surface of a waste mass as specified in the considered scenario SOURCE: EN 12920:2006, 3.7 PD CEN/TS 15862:2012CEN/TS 15862:2012 (E) 7 3.8 single batch leaching test leaching test in which a fixed amount of material is leached in one step with a fixe