1、PD CEN/TS 17035:2017Surface Active Agents Bio-based surfactants Requirements and testmethodsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06PD CEN/TS 17035:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 17035:2017.The U
2、K participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/34, Methods of Test For Surfacee Active Agents.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
3、contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 94368 3 ICS 13.020.55; 71.100.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publis
4、hed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dPD CEN/TS 17035:2017TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 17035 March 2017 ICS 13.020.55; 71.100.
5、40 English Version Surface Active Agents - Bio-based surfactants - Requirements and test methods Agents de surface - Agents tensioactifs biosourcs - Exigences et mthodes dessais Grenzflchenaktive Stoffe - Biobasierte Tenside - Anforderungen und Prfverfahren This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was
6、approved by CEN on 11 December 2016 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European
7、Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final d
8、ecision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irelan
9、d, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Manageme
10、nt Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 17035:2017 E PD CEN/TS 17035:2017CEN/TS 17035:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative
11、 references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Generalities on surfactants 8 5 Performance of surfactants . 8 5.1 Generalities related to performance 8 5.2 Technical performance properties . 9 5.2.1 Chemical composition . 9 5.2.2 Solubility 9 5.2.3 Surface and interfacial tension 9 5.2.4 Foaming power
12、9 5.2.5 Wetting performance . 9 5.2.6 Emulsion power 10 6 Health, safety and environmental requirements . 10 7 Bio-based content 10 7.1 Generalities 10 7.2 Surfactant classification 11 7.3 Analytical approach 11 8 Sustainability . 12 9 End of life . 12 10 Declaration and product labelling . 13 Bibli
13、ography . 14 PD CEN/TS 17035:2017CEN/TS 17035:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 17035:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 276 “Surface active agents”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
14、 document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been prepared under Manda
15、te M/491 10 of the European Commission, addressed to CEN for the development of European Standards for solvents and surfactants in relation to bio-based product aspects. It has been prepared by CEN/TC 276/WG 3 “Bio-surfactants”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. According to the CEN/CENELEC
16、 Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
17、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 17035:2017CEN/TS 17035:2017 (E) 4 Introduction Bio-based raw materials have been used for mi
18、llennia in the manufacture of surfactants, e.g. the first surfactant used by mankind, was already completely bio-based soap. With the advent of modern surfactants in the early 20th Century, petrochemical-based raw materials also became of interest. They offered the opportunity to tune the surfactant
19、 properties, in a broader sense, to their various applications. The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based raw materials for surfactants. Some of the reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products potential benefits in relation to the depletion of fossil resources an
20、d climate change. Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission issued Mandate M/4921), resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on bio-based products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications. The standard
21、s of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects: common terminology2); bio-based content determination; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)3); sustainability aspects4); declaration tools. It is important to understand what the term “bio-based product” covers and how it i
22、s being used. The term “bio-based” means “derived wholly or partly from biomass”. It is essential to characterize the amount of biomass contained in the product by, for instance, its (total) bio-based content or bio-based carbon content. The bio-based content of a product itself does not provide inf
23、ormation on its environmental impact or sustainability, which may be assessed through Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), LCA and sustainability criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is facilitated by a harmonized framework for certification and decla
24、ration. Breaking down the horizontal standards to bio-based products like bio-based surfactants, the European Commission issued Mandate M/491, resulting in standards developed by CEN/TC 276. This Technical Specification has been developed with the aim to fulfil part of the Mandate to describe the te
25、chnical requirements of bio-based surfactants. The criteria for “bio-based surfactants” published in this Technical Specification are complementary to the horizontal standards by CEN/TC 411. Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce interfacial/surface tension, wet surfaces, suspend
26、materials or emulsify oils and fats. In Europe, thousands of producers, manufacturers and 1) A mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. The M/492 Mandate is addressed to the European Standardization bodies, i.e. CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal Europ
27、ean Standards for bio-based products. The M/491 Mandate is addressed to the development of European Standards for bio-solvents and bio-surfactants. 2) EN 16575. 3) EN 16760. 4) EN 16751. PD CEN/TS 17035:2017CEN/TS 17035:2017 (E) 5 nearly every inhabitant use surfactants every day in consumer or indu
28、strial applications. The surfactant-producing industry is composed of mainly multinationals. Downstream users are found in multinationals as well as SMEs. Surfactants may be produced from both fossil and renewable carbon feedstock (ref. EN 16575 -vocabulary). The amount of crude oil used for surfact
29、ant production is, however, low with less than 1 % of the total worlds crude oil consumption. Finally, the approach for these Technical Reports/Specifications/Standards intends to strengthen and harmonize the reputation of “bio-based surfactants” and the confidence of the customer in this product gr
30、oup. PD CEN/TS 17035:2017CEN/TS 17035:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Specification sets requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits, application classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based surfactants as to whether t
31、hey: are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties; comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general surfactants; are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass; and comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as com
32、parable (non-bio-based) surfactants. The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) 11 also apply to bio-based surfactants. NOTE EN 16575 defines the term “bio-based” as derived from biomass and clarifies that “bio-based” does not imply
33、 “biodegradable”. In addition, “biodegradable” does not necessarily imply the use of “bio-based” material. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the editio
34、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1772, Surface active agents - Determination of wetting power by immersion (ISO 8022:1990 modified) EN 1890, Surface active agents - Determination of cloud point of non-ionic
35、surface active agents obtained by condensation of ethylene oxide EN 12458, Surface active agents - Determination of stability in hard water EN 12728, Surface active agents - Determination of foaming power - Perforated disc beating method EN 13955, Surface active agents - Determination of Krafft poin
36、t and solubility of ionic surface active agents EN 13996, Surface active agents - Foaming power and antifoaming power - Turbine stirring method EN 14210, Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring method EN 14370, Surface
37、 active agents - Determination of surface tension EN 14371, Surface active agents - Determination of foamability and degree of foamability - Circulation test method EN 16640, Bio-based products Bio-based carbon content Determination of the bio-based carbon content using the radiocarbon method EN 165
38、75, Bio-based products - Vocabulary EN 16751, Bio-based products - Sustainability criteria PD CEN/TS 17035:2017CEN/TS 17035:2017 (E) 7 EN 16760, Bio-based products - Life Cycle Assessment EN ISO 14040, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework (ISO 14040) EN ISO 140
39、44, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044) DIN 53902, Testing of surface active agents; determination of foaming power, modified Ross-Miles-method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1657
40、5 and the following apply. 3.1 surfactant organic substance possessing surface activity which, dissolved in a liquid, particularly water, lowers the surface or interfacial tension, by preferred adsorption at the liquid/vapour surface, or other interfaces Note 1 to entry: “Substance” as defined in RE
41、ACH 11. SOURCE: ISO 862:1995, Definition 1, modified The term originally defined was “surface active agent” and “a chemical compound” is replaced here with “organic substance” at the beginning of the definition. 3.2 bio-based surfactant surfactant wholly or partly derived from biomass (based on biog
42、enic carbon) 3.3 bio-surfactant surfactant wholly based on biomass (based on biogenic carbon) produced either by chemical or biotechnological processing 3.4 degradation transformation of a compound into smaller component parts by means of physico-chemical processes, which can occur due to abiotic pr
43、ocesses such as oxidation and UV adsorption 3.5 biodegradation transformation of a compound into smaller component parts by means of biological processes 3.6 ultimate biodegradation breakdown of organic matter by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of
44、 any other elements present (mineralization) or in absence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, methane and mineral salts, and in both cases the production of new biomass PD CEN/TS 17035:2017CEN/TS 17035:2017 (E) 8 4 Generalities on surfactants Surfactants are products which have the ability to reduce inter
45、facial/surface tension, wet surfaces, suspend materials, or emulsify oils and fats. They make it possible to process, apply, clean or separate materials. Surfactants are widely used in consumer and professional products and for industrial applications. Surfactants are typically used on their own or
46、in combination with other surfactants and other agents to fulfil the requirements of the respective applications. Examples of applications for surfactants are: cleaning agent; foaming/defoaming agent; wetting agent; emulsifier; viscosity modifier; surface tension reducer; process aid; fabric softene
47、r. NOTE For many applications to perform effectively, surfactants are essential (see for examples the website of the TEGEWA e.V. (TExtilhilfsmittel” (textile auxiliaries), “GErbstoffe” (tanning agents) and “WAschrohstoffe” (detergent raw materials)5). 5 Performance of surfactants 5.1 Generalities re
48、lated to performance Performance and properties of any molecule, including surfactants, is determined by its chemical structure and not by the origin of its raw materials. This section gives a common set of technical properties characterizing the performance of surfactants including bio-based surfac
49、tants. Due to the absence of international surfactant specification standards, it is necessary to provide to potential users the means to qualify the bio-based surfactant products, especially for its technical performance. Additionally, there are a number of other factors which will determine the acceptance of a surfactant such as the Health, Safety and Environmental properties which are treated in another section of this document. Surfactants are used in such a wide variety of applications that it is not convenient to eva
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