CSA S472-2004 Foundations (Third Edition Update No 1 December 2005).pdf

1、S472-04FoundationsLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (CSA) standards are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve cons

2、ensus and develop a standard. Although CSA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.Disclaimer and exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations

3、, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation, implied warranties or conditions concerning this documents fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringement of any third partys intellectual property rights. CSA does not

4、warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the information published in this document. CSA makes no representations or warranties regarding this documents compliance with any applicable statute, rule, or regulation. IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFI

5、LIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS, OR OFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES, HOWSOEVER CAUSED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR AN

6、Y OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EX

7、PENSES.In publishing and making this document available, CSA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directed to those who

8、 have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA accepts no responsibility whatsoever arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document. CSA is a private not-for-profit company that publishes voluntary standards and

9、related documents. CSA has no power, nor does it undertake, to enforce compliance with the contents of the standards or other documents it publishes. Intellectual property rights and ownershipAs between CSA and the users of this document (whether it be in printed or electronic form), CSA is the owne

10、r of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and all inventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected by patents and applications for pa

11、tents. The unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may violate laws that protect CSAs intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA to seek legal redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. CSA reserves all intellectual property rights in t

12、his document.Authorized use of this documentThis document is being provided by CSA for informational and non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to do only the following:If this document is in electronic form:.load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of review

13、ing it;.search and browse this document; and.print this document. Limited copies of this document in print or paper form may be distributed only to persons who are authorized by CSA to have such copies, and only if this Legal Notice appears on each such copy.In addition, users may not and may not pe

14、rmit others to.alter this document in any way or remove this Legal Notice from the attached standard;.sell this document without authorization from CSA; or.make an electronic copy of this document.If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not lo

15、ad or use this document or make any copies of the contents hereof, and if you do make such copies, you are required to destroy them immediately. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.Update No. 1S472-04December 2005Note: General Instruction

16、s for CSA Standards are now called Updates. Please contact CSA Information Products Sales or visit www.ShopCSA.ca for information about the CSA Standards Update Service.Title: Foundations originally published August 2004The following revisions have been formally approved:Revised Outside front cover

17、and title pageNew National Standards of Canada textDeleted NoneCSA S472-04 originally consisted of 22 pages (viii preliminary and 14 text), each dated August 2004. It now consists of the following pages:August 2004 iiiviii and 114December 2005 Cover, National Standards of Canada text, title page, an

18、d copyright page Update your copy by inserting these revised pages.Keep the pages you remove for reference.A National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-S472-04Foundations(approved December 2005)Legal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (CSA) standards are developed through a consensus standar

19、ds development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus and develop a standard. Although CSA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus,

20、 it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.Disclaimer and exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation, implied warranties or conditions concern

21、ing this documents fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringement of any third partys intellectual property rights. CSA does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the information published in this document. CSA makes no representations o

22、r warranties regarding this documents compliance with any applicable statute, rule, or regulation. IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS, OR OFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOS

23、S, COSTS, OR EXPENSES, HOWSOEVER CAUSED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISI

24、NG OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES.In publishing and making this document available, CSA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on b

25、ehalf of any person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directed to those who have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA accepts no responsibility whatsoever arising in an

26、y way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document. CSA is a private not-for-profit company that publishes voluntary standards and related documents. CSA has no power, nor does it undertake, to enforce compliance with the contents of the standards or other docume

27、nts it publishes. Intellectual property rights and ownershipAs between CSA and the users of this document (whether it be in printed or electronic form), CSA is the owner of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and al

28、l inventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected by patents and applications for patents. The unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may violate laws that protect CSAs intellectual p

29、roperty and may give rise to a right in CSA to seek legal redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. CSA reserves all intellectual property rights in this document.Authorized use of this documentThis document is being provided by CSA for informational and non-commercial use only. Th

30、e user of this document is authorized to do only the following:If this document is in electronic form:.load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of reviewing it;.search and browse this document; and.print this document. Limited copies of this document in print or paper form may be dist

31、ributed only to persons who are authorized by CSA to have such copies, and only if this Legal Notice appears on each such copy.In addition, users may not and may not permit others to.alter this document in any way or remove this Legal Notice from the attached standard;.sell this document without aut

32、horization from CSA; or.make an electronic copy of this document.If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not load or use this document or make any copies of the contents hereof, and if you do make such copies, you are required to destroy them

33、immediately. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has been produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to the Natio

34、nal Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. CSA standards reflect a national consensus of producers and users including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and professional

35、 organizations, and governmental agencies. The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the environment. Individuals, compa

36、nies, and associations across Canada indicate their support for CSAs standards development by volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objectives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining membership

37、s together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent a major source of income for CSAs standards development activities. The Association offers certification and testing services in support of and as an extension to its standards development act

38、ivities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regularly and continually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada and inspectio

39、n and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose mission is to provide an open and effective forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and service

40、s through the use of standards, certification and related services to meet national and international needs.For further information on CSA services, write toCanadian Standards Association5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6CanadaThe Standards Council of Canada is the coordinatin

41、g body of the National Standards system, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a

42、means of advancing the national economy, benefiting the health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international cooperation in the field of standards. A National Standard of Canada is a standard whi

43、ch has been approved by the Standards Council of Canada and one which reflects a reasonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide to the greatest practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with r

44、elevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. It normally is a standard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedu

45、res established by the Standards Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to the technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of

46、Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard.The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with theStandards Council of Canada270 Albert Stre

47、et, Suite 200Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7CanadaCette Norme nationale du Canada est offerte en anglais et en franais.Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their

48、 particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards Association(National Standards of Canada text inserted December 2005)Prepared byApproved byStandards Council of CanadaNational Standard of CanadaPublished in August 2004 by Canadian Standards AssociationA not-for-profit private sector o

49、rganization5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.caCAN/CSA-S472-04Foundations(approved December 2005)ISBN 1-55436-831-6Technical Editor: Lawrence Fogwill Canadian Standards Association 2004All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.(Copyright page replaced December 2005)NameOrganizationAddressCityProvince/StateCountry Postal/Zip CodeE-mailI consent to CSA collecting and using the above