CSA SPE040-2014 Life cycle assessment of auto parts - Guidelines for conducting LCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to material composition manufacturing technology .pdf

1、SPE-14040-14Life cycle assessment of auto parts Guidelines for conducting LCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to material composition, manufacturing technology, or part geometryReprinted September 2014. This reprint is being issued to incorporate Update No. 1 into the original 2014 St

2、andard.Legal NoticeThis document is provided by the Canadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”) as a convenience only. Disclaimer and exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, witho

3、ut limitation, implied warranties or conditions concerning this documents fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringement of any third partys intellectual property rights. CSA Group does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the informati

4、on published in this document. CSA Group makes no representations or warranties regarding this documents compliance with any applicable statute, rule, or regulation. IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA GROUP, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS, OR OFFICER

5、S, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES, HOWSOEVER CAUSED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS, WHETHER BASED IN CONTR

6、ACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA GROUP HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES.In publishing and making this document availab

7、le, CSA Group is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directed to those who have the appropriate degree of experience to u

8、se and apply its contents, and CSA Group accepts no responsibility whatsoever arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document. Intellectual property rights and ownershipAs between CSA Group and the users of this document (whether it be in printed

9、or electronic form), CSA Group is the owner, or the authorized licensee, of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and all inventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such invent

10、ions and trade secrets are protected by patents and applications for patents. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may violate laws that protect CSA Groups and/or others intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA Group and/or

11、others to seek legal redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, CSA Group reserves all intellectual property rights in this document.Patent rightsAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the

12、 subject of patent rights. CSA Group shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this document are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility.Use of this documentThis document is being

13、provided by CSA Group for informational and non-commercial use only. If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not use this document. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.Standards Upd

14、ate ServiceSPE-14040-14 Reprinted September 2014Title: Life cycle assessment of auto parts Guidelines for conducting LCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to material composition, manufacturing technology, or part geometryPagination: 50 pages (vii preliminary and 43 text)Revision issued

15、: Update No. 1 August 2014To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publicationgo to shop.csa.caclick on CSA Update ServiceThe List ID that you will need to register for updates to this publication is 2422417.If you require assistance, please e-mail techsupportcsagroup.org or cal

16、l 416-747-2233.Visit CSA Groups policy on privacy at csagroup.org/legal to find out how we protect your personal information.TMA trade-mark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”Published in May 2014 by CSA GroupA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectrum Way,

17、Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caSPE-14040-14Life cycle assessment of auto parts Guidelines for conducting LCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to material composition, manufacturing technology, or part geome

18、tryISBN 978-1-77139-178-8 2014 CSA Group. Reprinted with revisions September 2014.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.To purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at shop.csa

19、.ca or call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.May 2014 iiiContents 2014 CSA GroupLife cycle assessment of auto parts Guidelines for conductingLCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to materialcomposition, manufacturing technology, or part geometryDevelopment Technical Group vPeer

20、Review viPreface vii0Introduction 11Scope 22 Reference standards 33 Definitions and abbreviations 33.1 Definitions 33.2 Abbreviations 64 Validity of the LCA Guideline 75 Definition of the product 75.1 General 75.2 Vehicle types 75.3 Vehicle classes 76 Description of the product 86.1 General 86.2 Pri

21、mary auto part description 86.3 Primary baseline auto part description 96.4 Secondary auto part description 96.5 Vehicle description 97 Requirements for the life cycle assessment study 97.1 General 97.2 Functional unit and the reference flow 107.3 System boundaries 107.3.1 General 107.3.2 Excluded p

22、rocesses 117.3.3 Transportation 117.3.4 Production stage 127.3.5 Use stage 127.3.6 EOL stage 127.3.7 Secondary mass changes 127.4 Calculation rules and data quality requirements 137.4.1 General principles for calculations 137.4.2 Calculation rules 137.4.3 Data sources 147.4.4 Sensitivity analysis 16

23、7.4.5 Data gaps 177.4.6 Units 177.5 Production stage 187.6 Use stage 187.6.1 General 18SPE-14040-14 2014 CSA Groupiv May 20147.6.2 Mass-induced fuel consumption and change value of the auto part 207.6.3 Auto part maintenance, repair, and replacement 237.7 End-of-life (EOL) stage 247.7.1 General 247.

24、7.2 Basis for analysis 247.7.3 Primary material displacement 277.8 Impact assessment categories 277.9 LCI Indicators describing resource use 288 Calculating the environmental indicator results 298.1 Total net change in the cradle-to-grave environmental profile of the auto part 298.2 Primary mass cha

25、nge 298.3 Secondary mass changes 319 Communication of the LCA results 339.1 Life cycle stage structuring of the LCA results 339.2 Life cycle stage structuring of the overall net change of the LCA results 3310 Reporting and Critical review 3410.1 Reporting 3410.2 Critical review 34AnnexesA (informati

26、ve) Mass-induced fuel consumption 35B (informative) LCA results Optional reporting formats 39C (informative) Bibliography 43Tables1 Approved data sets for industrial materials uses in auto parts 162 Conversion factors 173 Default values for mass-induced fuel consumption (without adaptation) and chan

27、ge potential (with adaptation), based on EPA CFE and 100 kg mass change 204 Typical yield values for recycling materials 265 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) categories 286 Life cycle inventory indicators 28Figures1 Cradle-to-grave system boundary of the auto part Life cycle stages and main proce

28、sses 112 Cradle-to-grave system boundary expansion 133 Total life cycle mass-induced fuel change of the auto part scenarios 214 Generic material flow diagram for P kg of auto part 255 Total net change in the cradle-to-grave environmental profile of the auto part scenarios 296 Example of climate chan

29、ge impact category results for three hypothetical lightweight components 34 2014 CSA GroupLife cycle assessment of auto parts Guidelines for conductingLCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to materialcomposition, manufacturing technology, or part geometryMay 2014 vDevelopment Technical

30、GroupS. Young University of Waterloo,Waterloo, OntarioChairA. Dubreuil Natural Resources Canada,Ottawa, OntarioHead, Mgmt CommitteeL. Bushi Athena Sustainable Material Institute,Toronto, OntarioExecutive J. Busel American Composites Manufacturers Association,Arlington, Virginia, USAG. Coates WorldAu

31、toSteel,Springboro, Ohio, USA S. Ehrenberger International Magnesium Association/German Aerospace Center (DLR), Stuttgart, GermanyH. Friedrich International Magnesium Association/German Aerospace Center (DLR), Stuttgart, GermanyR. Krupitzer Steel Market Development Institute,Southfield, Michigan, US

32、AM. Levy American Chemistry Council,Washington, District of Columbia, USAK. Martchek Aluminum Association/Alcoa,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USAJ. Quadir Sustainability Edge Solutions,Mississauga, OntarioJ. Sanderson Novelis Inc.,Atlanta, Georgia, USAT. Skszek Cosma International,Troy, Michigan, USAJ.

33、Valentage ExxonMobil Chemical Company,Houston, Texas, USAD. Torrey CSA Group,Mississauga, OntarioProject ManagerSPE-14040-14 2014 CSA Groupvi May 2014Peer ReviewThis Guideline has been reviewed for technical accuracy, conformance with ISO 14040/44:2006 principles, and general relevance and applicabi

34、lity by the following independent experts:C. Koffler PE INTERNATIONAL Inc.,Boston, Massachusetts, USAChairM.A. Curran BAMAC Ltd.,Cincinnati, Ohio, USAJ. Sullivan Sustainable Development Strategies, LLC.,Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 2014 CSA GroupLife cycle assessment of auto parts Guidelines for conduct

35、ingLCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to materialcomposition, manufacturing technology, or part geometryMay 2014 viiPrefaceThis Guideline establishes the requirements for conducting comparative life cycle assessments (LCA) of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to changes in

36、material composition, manufacturing technology, or part geometry, and in conformance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 series of standards. Although informative in nature, this Guideline has been written in mandatory language to facilitate adoption by organizations.

37、 CSA Group acknowledges that the development of this Guideline was made possible, in part, by the financial support of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).This Guideline was prepared by the Technical Development Group on Auto Parts, and reviewed for technical accuracy and practical feasibility by a Pee

38、r Review Panel.Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.(2) Although the intended primary application of this Guideline is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Guideline to judge i

39、ts suitability for their particular purpose.(3) To submit a proposal for change, please send the following information to inquiriescsagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:(a) designation (number);(b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;(c) wording of the proposed

40、change; and(d) rationale for the change. 2014 CSA GroupLife cycle assessment of auto parts Guidelines for conductingLCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to materialcomposition, manufacturing technology, or part geometryMay 2014 1SPE-14040-14Life cycle assessment of auto parts Guideline

41、s for conducting LCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to material composition, manufacturing technology, or part geometry0Introduction0.1The purpose of this Guideline is to provide rules for quantifying the potential environmental impacts of weight changes of automotive parts, componen

42、ts, assemblies, and subassemblies (collectively referred to as “auto part”), manufactured by or for North American automotive OEMs (original equipment manufacturer), and either installed in vehicles or sold on the aftermarket for use in North America, due to changes in material composition, manufact

43、uring technology, or part geometry.0.2This Guideline establishes rules and requirements for conducting comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) studies with the objective of providing clear and consistent guidance for assessing potential environmental impacts throughout the cradle-to-grave life cycle

44、 of an auto part with a focus on weight differences between design options. The life cycle stages include(a) raw material acquisition;(b) production;(c) use; and(d) end-of-life treatment (including recycling and final disposal).0.3This Guideline is primarily aimed at conducting comparative LCA studi

45、es on auto parts that are(a)intended to be installed in a vehicle, for the purpose of supporting internal design decisions in the vehicle development cycle and possible external communication; or(b) already installed in a vehicle, for the purpose of external communication.Interested parties include

46、auto part OEMs and suppliers, auto manufacturers, industry associations, governmental organizations, policy makers and other stakeholders who desire reliable information on auto parts.In conformance with ISO 14044, Clause 6.3, a panel of interested parties conduct critical reviews on LCA studies whe

47、re the results are intended to be used to support comparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the public.0.4This Guideline enables LCA studies to be conducted using agreed upon and uniform rules, and allows for the comparison of LCA study results between auto parts. Potential uses may include,

48、 but are not limited to(a)design and development decisions for auto parts and automobiles;SPE-14040-14 2014 CSA Group2 May 2014(b) evaluation of materials choices and materials substitution options;(c) evaluation of fabrication and manufacturing options;(d) assessment of alternative product configur

49、ations;(e) benchmarking for programs aimed at reducing environmental impacts; and(f) educational purposes, so that a greater understanding of life cycle impacts will inform sourcing and purchasing decisions.0.5This Guideline defines specific rules and requirements for:(a) the specification of performance characteristics and description of an auto part;(b) definition of the functional unit and the reference flow for LCA of an auto part;(c) the system boundaries for the LCA of an auto part;(d) predetermined parameters to be used