ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:26 ,大小:467.72KB ,
资源ID:629500      下载积分:10000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-629500.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(CLC TR 50454-2008 Guide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors《铝电解电容器的应用指南》.pdf)为本站会员(吴艺期)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

CLC TR 50454-2008 Guide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors《铝电解电容器的应用指南》.pdf

1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CLC/TR 50454:2008Guide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors ICS 31.060.50g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43

2、g55g3g47g36g58PD CLC/TR 50454:2008This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 August 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 60868 1National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CLC/TR 50454:2008.The UK participation in it

3、s preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/40X, Capacitors and resistors for electronic equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Use

4、rs are responsible for its correct application.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsTECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 50454 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT April 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Eur

5、opisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50454:2008 E ICS 31.060.50 Supersedes R040-001:1998English version G

6、uide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors Guide pour lutilisation de condensateurs lectrolytiques laluminium Leitfaden fr die Anwendung von Aluminium-Elektrolyt-Kondensatoren This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2008-02-08. CENELEC members are the national electrotech

7、nical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a

8、nd the United Kingdom. Foreword This Technical Report was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 40XA, Capacitors. The text of the draft was submitted to the vote in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2, Subclause 11.4.3.3 (simple majority) and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 5

9、0454 on 2008-02-08. This Technical Report supersedes R040-001:1998. _ CLC/TR 50454:2008 2 Contents 1 Scope and object 5 1.1 Scope . 5 1.2 Object . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Protection measures 7 4.1 Handling and transport 7 4.2 Insulation 7 5 General application limits

10、 7 5.1 Polarity - Reverse voltage 7 5.2 Voltage . 7 5.3 Temperature range 8 5.4 Ripple current. 8 5.5 Charge - Discharge 8 6 Storage 8 7 External pressure . 9 7.1 Low air pressure 9 7.2 High air pressure . 9 8 Self-recharge phenomenon (dielectric absorption) 9 9 Flammability (passive and active) . 9

11、 9.1 Passive flammability 9 9.2 Active flammability . 9 10 Internal pressure and pressure relief device .10 11 Working electrolytes and contact with an electrolyte .10 12 Parallel and series connection .11 12.1 Parallel and series connection of capacitors . 11 12.2 Balancing resistors for voltage sh

12、aring . 12 12.3 Component failure . 15 12.4 Back-to-back connection . 15 13 Clearance and creepage distances 16 13.1 Distances inside the capacitor . 16 13.2 Distances outside the capacitor . 16 14 Capacitor mounting .16 14.1 General conditions for mounting 16 14.2 Component preparation . 17 14.3 Mo

13、unting 17 14.4 Soldering 18 14.5 Transport and handling of assembled devices 18 15 Cleaning solvents 19 15.1 General 19 15.2 Cleaning solvents and process parameters 19 16 Potting and gluing .20 16.1 Potting and gluing materials 20 16.2 Curing process . 20 CLC/TR 50454:2008 3 17 Aluminium electrolyt

14、ic motor start capacitors 20 17.1 Connection . 20 17.2 Mains voltage and surge 20 17.3 Duty cycle . 21 17.4 Discharge resistor 21 17.5 Operating temperature and vibration . 21 17.6 Insulation (capacitor energised) 22 17.7 Failure mechanism 22 18 Disposal of capacitors 22 Figures Figure 1 - Individua

15、l balancing resistors . 11 Figure 2 - Common centre connection . 12 Figure 3 - Group-balancing resistors 12 Figure 4 - Voltage sharing analysis 13 Figure 5 - Back-to-back connection 15 Figure 6 - Typical motor start arrangement 20 Table Table 1 - Balancing examples 15 CLC/TR 50454:2008 4 1 Scope and

16、 object 1.1 Scope This Technical Report applies to components as described in the scope of the following standards: EN 60384-4 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 4: Sectional specification - Aluminium electrolytic capacitors with solid (MnO2) and non-solid electrolyte EN 137100

17、Sectional Specification: Fixed aluminium electrolytic a.c. capacitors with non-solid electrolyte for motor starter applications - Qualification approval The information given in these documents apply to capacitors with non-solid electrolyte but may, in its appropriate clauses, apply to capacitors wi

18、th solid electrolyte as well. In cases of doubt, the application of this document shall be discussed between the user and the manufacturer of the components. 1.2 Object Electrolytic capacitors in general and aluminium electrolytic capacitors in particular are an exception in the capacitor field beca

19、use of the components close interaction of physics and chemistry. Therefore, aluminium electrolytic capacitors show, in various aspects, a technical behaviour unaccustomed to the user. That could easily lead to misapplications and even to endangering of persons and goods. The aim of this application

20、 guide is to minimize these risks by providing detailed information on the specific peculiarities of the component. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refe

21、rences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 60384-1:2001 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 1: Generic specification (IEC 60384-1:1999, mod.) EN 60384-4:2007 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 4: Sectional spe

22、cification - Aluminium electrolytic capacitors with solid (MnO2) and non-solid electrolyte (IEC 60384-4:2007) EN 137000:1995 Generic Specification: Fixed aluminium electrolytic a.c. capacitors with non-solid electrolyte for use with motors EN 137100:1995 Sectional Specification: Fixed aluminium elec

23、trolytic a.c. capacitors with non-solid electrolyte for motor starter applications - Qualification approval CLC/TR 50454:2008 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 positive electrode (anode) aluminium (preferably aluminium foil) o

24、f extreme purity which is etched in most cases in order to increase the electrodes surface and, consequently, the capacitors capacitance yield 3.2 negative electrode (cathode) working electrolyte which is a conductive liquid in the case of capacitors with non-solid electrolyte or a layer of manganes

25、e dioxide MnO2, conductive organic salt (e.g. TCNQ) or conductive polymer (e.g. polypyrrole) in the case of capacitors with solid electrolyte 3.3 dielectric aluminium oxide Al2O3which is formed on the anodes surface by an anodizing process 3.4 contact element for the negative electrode a high-purity

26、 aluminium foil (“cathode foil”) in the case of capacitors with non-solid electrolyte or silver epoxy on graphite or other conductive connections in the case of capacitors with solid electrolyte 3.5 separator layers (preferably of special paper) which separate the anode foil from the “cathode foil”

27、in the case of capacitors with non-solid electrolyte. The other purpose of these layers is to retain the working electrolyte 3.6 external insulation the metallic case of capacitors with non-solid electrolyte is not insulated against internal capacitor elements as the case may be connected e.g. throu

28、gh the conductive working electrolyte. Therefore, the capacitors need an external insulation sleeve if electrical insulation is required 3.7 polarity electrolytic capacitors are, on principle, polarized components. For special purposes, so-called non-polar (bipolar) capacitors may be provided. Such

29、special types consist in principle of an internal back-to-back connection of two basically polarized elements NOTE Motorstart capacitors are bipolar (see 12.4 and Clause 17). CLC/TR 50454:2008 6 3.8 sealing the internal element of a non-solid electrolytic capacitor is normally encapsulated in an alu

30、minium case closed with a sealing material which is never perfectly gas-tight. Because of using a non-solid electrolyte, of which, some constituents are slowly diffusing through the sealing, the electrical characteristics of the capacitor are changing gradually over its entire life 4 Protection meas

31、ures 4.1 Handling and transport Capacitors are generally housed in a 99,5 % aluminium case giving rise to low mechanical strength. Shocks must be avoided and manufacturers packaging must always be used to transport capacitors. 4.2 Insulation Capacitors may be either completely or partially insulated

32、 with sleeving. It should be noted that the capacitor case is not insulated from the cathode terminal. Axial leaded capacitors have a direct contact between case and cathode terminal. Radial leaded capacitors have an undefined contact through electrolyte or other parts inside the case. Dummy pins sh

33、all be left potential-free or may be connected to the potential of the negative terminal. Metal parts other than terminals should never make contact to conducting tracks or metal parts of other components. 5 General application limits 5.1 Polarity - Reverse voltage Electrolytic capacitors for d.c. a

34、pplications require polarization. The polarity of each capacitor is to be checked both in circuit design and in mounting. Polarity is clearly indicated on the capacitor. For short periods a limited reverse voltage is allowed as specified in the relevant specification or by the manufacturer (e.g. 1 V

35、 for capacitors with non-solid electrolyte). Exceeding the specified reverse voltage can induce damage by causing overheating, over-pressure and dielectric breakdown and may be associated with open circuit or short circuit conditions it is the most severe failure mechanism with aluminium electrolyti

36、c capacitors. There could even be a destruction of the capacitor. Protections are to be used if there are reverse voltage risks (see Clause 10). 5.2 Voltage Exceeding the capacitors specified voltage limits may cause premature damage (e.g. by breakdown with open or short circuit) affecting the usefu

37、l life. Even destruction of the capacitor may be the consequence. 5.2.1 Rated voltage The rated voltage URgiven in the relevant specification or by the manufacturer is the value permitted for continuous operation in the rated temperature range. 5.2.2 Surge voltage For short periods the voltage may b

38、e increased up to the surge voltage value according to EN 60384-4, 4.14, and to manufacturer specification. CLC/TR 50454:2008 7 5.2.3 Transient voltages The surge voltage value may be exceeded for very short periods or short pulses when in accordance with the relevant specification or as specified b

39、y the manufacturer. A test method is given in an amendment to EN 60384-4, 4.22. 5.3 Temperature range The capacitors are to be used within specified temperature range. Applicable temperature ranges are given in the relevant specifications and/or in manufacturers data. A general principle is: lower a

40、mbient temperature means longer life. Therefore, electrolytic capacitors should be placed at the coolest positions wherever possible. Exceeding the permitted temperature causes overheating and over-pressure which can affect the useful life. 5.4 Ripple current The sum of d.c. voltage and maximum ampl

41、itude of ripple voltage shall remain within rated voltage and 0 V. Electrolytic capacitors are not normally designed for a.c. application (see Clauses 1 and 17). No excessive ripple current must be allowed to pass. Exceeding the ripple current specification reduces life and can induce overheating an

42、d over-pressure. Even destruction of the capacitor may be the consequence. The useful life of the capacitor is a function of the r.m.s. ripple current. Temperature, frequency and cooling conditions are other influences on the useful life. 5.5 Charge - Discharge Under the conditions defined in EN 603

43、84-4, 4.20, or in manufacturers specifications, frequent charge/discharge operation is allowed. Exceeding charge/discharge frequency leads to a high ripple current and induces damage by overheating and overpressure or breakdown with open circuit or short circuit, leading to a reverse voltage risk (s

44、ee 5.1). Even destruction of the capacitor may be the consequence. 6 Storage Capacitors should be stored at room temperature, normal atmospheric pressure, low humidity, and in manufacturers packaging (for more details see EN 60384-1, 4.25). Storage at elevated temperature (higher than 40 C to 50 C)

45、has a negative influence to leakage current inducing increases up to 10 times the maximum limit where the capacitors are off duty (see EN 60384-1, 4.25, and EN 60384-4, 4.17). High humidity and/or high temperature may impair solderability and taping accuracy as well as the leakage current of the cap

46、acitors. Storage at conditions defined above has a negligible effect on capacitance, tangent of loss angle or equivalent series resistance, and impedance. Manufacturers recommendations (reforming procedures, etc.) shall be considered because long storage may influence the leakage current to increase

47、 beyond a reasonable level. CLC/TR 50454:2008 8 7 External pressure (Not relevant for capacitors with solid electrolyte) 7.1 Low air pressure Minimum air pressure is 8 kPa for short periods in accordance with EN 60384-4, 4.11.4. 7.2 High air pressure The maximum operating pressure is dependant upon

48、size and style of the capacitor. It should be specified by the manufacturer on request. Exceeding the specified value may damage the capacitor (e.g. destroyed cases, open pressure relief device, short circuit, etc.). 8 Self-recharge phenomenon (dielectric absorption) Even if aluminium electrolytic c

49、apacitors are totally discharged, these components may afterwards develop some voltage without external influence. This self-recharge phenomenon is known as dielectric absorption or as dielectric relaxation. The capacitor is a non-ohmic conductor and has, therefore, a non-uniform distribution of the electric field. This is correlated with electric space charges within the dielectric layer. In the case of open terminals, an increasing voltage is built up in the course of the electric charges relaxation. Depending on the capacitor type and its

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1