DIN 15003-1970 Lifting Appliances Load Suspending Devices Loads and Forces Definitions《起重设备 载荷悬吊装置 载荷和力 定义》.pdf

1、UDC 621.873/.875.06 : 001.4 DEUTSCHE NORMEN February 197 I 4 c a c v o W r - m m o W E o z 2 L c c Y .- c o r - o0 $ a a z o c u o U W C W c o o .- E m E a - .- L E I 2 I o W P m Y J 2 U f - L c 3 K - L 4.4 c m 2 Y 8 P Y c :o ._ ou iio - W - zz :z Alleinverkauf der Normen durch Beuth Verlag GmbH. Be

2、rlin 30 und Kln 1 DIN 15003 engl. Preisgr. 4 Vertr.-Nr. O1 04 11.78 Lifting Appliances Load Suspending Devices, Loads and Forces Definitions DIN 15 003 Hebezeuge; Lastaufnahmeeinrichtungen, Lasten und Krfte; Begriffe Scope This Standard primarily applies to cranes (see DIN 15 O01 ,at present circula

3、ting as draft) and to serial lifting equipment (see DIN 15 100) of all types. It does not apply to lifts and elevators. Load suspending devices I No I Denomination I Explanation 1 I 1.1 1 Load carrying means Component of the lifting equipment used for load pick up, including rope or chain reeving co

4、mponents Load carrying attachment 17 _ Device which is not a component of the lifting equipment, used for picking up the useful load and which can be attached to the load carrying means without the need for special modification or assembly work I lm3 I Sling Device which is not a component of the li

5、fting equipment, used for connect- ing the load carrying meins and the useful load with or without inter- connecting load carrying attachments .oadi No 2.1 - - - 2.2 and forces Denomination Safe working load (also: load capacity Explanation Maximum load (mass) which can be safely handled under opera

6、ting conditions. Within the scope of this Standard, the safe working load (load capacity) may be referred to the lifting equipment, a load carrying means, a load carrying attachment, or a sling. The unit t is recommended for indicating safe working loads from 1000 kg upwards on load capacity plates.

7、 Unit kg t Safe working load (load capacity) rating, e.g. of serial lifting equipment, to allow for given operating conditions. Useful load which may be handled by using a load carrying attachment or a sling, or direct by the load carrying means. Useful load = safe working load minus weight of the s

8、ling and load carrying attachment Nominal load 2.3 Useful load 2.4 - 2.5 - 2.6 Partial load A load smaller than the safe working load Partial load = safe working load X partial load factor The partial load factor is always smaller than 1 Load exceeding the safe working load Overload = safe working l

9、oad X overload factor The overload factor is always greater than 1 Load used for testing lifting equipment, load carrying means, a load carrying attachment or a sling Test load = safe working load X test load factor The test load factor is at least equal to 1 Overload Test load 2.7 Exceptional load

10、If a lifting equipment is rated for 2 safe working loads to allow for different operating conditions (group classification), the heavier safe working load is termed “exceptional load“. Exceptional loads may never be indicated on load capacity plates 2.8 Lifting power Total sum of weights of the load

11、 and of the proportionate weight of the load carrying means between load and structure P,MP N, kN 2.9 - Drum pull Pull to which one drum subjects the load carrying mean (e.g. the rope). The sum of the pulling forces applies where a number of ropes are involved. A number of mechanically coupled drums

12、 are considered to be one drum. Continued on page 2 Explanations on page 3 Page 2 DIN 15003 eg. Chain sling Representation of examples a) Brigde crane Safe working load 20 t - Sling Useful load cn .- Concrete 5 Useful load Load carry i ng attachmeni General cargo e.g. Rope sling Chain sling Belt sli

13、ng General cargo b) Jib and e.g. Load lifting magnets Scrap Ingot tongs Vessel, e.g. Ladle Bucket Charging box Ingot Ladle Ingot contents Bucket Ingot contents mould Charging with ingot box contents slewing cranes Load carrying arrachmenr t contents (con ing net contents (general .-.-.-.-.-. -.-.-.

14、= .-.-.-.- I I I cargo) e-g. Concrete e.g. Loading net I /al attachment I bucket I Lc Load carrying For cranes, type denominations, see DIN 15 001 (at present ciculating as draft) For serial lifting equipment, denominations, see DIN 15 100 For load carrying attachments, denominations, see DIN 15 002

15、 (at present circulating as draft) DIN i5003 Page3 Explanations The denominations of load suspending devices used in connection with lifting equipment, of the loads handled and of the forces involved have often been employed with different meanings. The unification introduced- with the present Stand

16、ard is therefore considered to be imperative. Regarding load suspending devices, a distinction has to be made between devices which are a component of the lifting equipment and those that are not. This distinction isalso taken into account in DIN 15002 - Lifting equipment, load carrying attachments,

17、 deno- minations - (at present circulating as draft). The load suspending devices connected with the lifting equipment are called load carrying means. As a compo- nent of the lifting equipment they are essential for the working order of the latter and have to be taken into account when specifying th

18、e lifting height, headroom requirements, etc. In specifying the safe working load of a lifting equipment, the mass (weight) of the load carrying means has to be included in the mass (weight) of the lifting equipment. Regarding the load suspending devices not connected with the lifting equipment, a d

19、istinction is made between slings and load carrying attachments. Slings are simple devices for attaching a load to the load carrying meansand are normally suitable for a diversified range of applications. It does not matter in this connec- tion, whether the load is attached to the sling, whether it

20、rests on it or whether the sling is slung around it. In contrast, load carrying attachments are used for definite types of goods (e.g. grabs for handling bulk goods), for loads of given dimensions (e.g. tongs for handling ingots), etc. In addition it is possible to use a sling for securing a load ha

21、ndling attachment to the load carrying means (e.g. the concrete bucket suspended by means of a chain sling, the individual falls of which are secured to lugs of the bucket). By defining the most important load and force variables, it is intended to clarify the situation and to eliminate uncertainty

22、that has prevailed for the past few years 1). According to common usage, thegoods lifting or handled are called “load“. These goods or loads are characterized by their weight as a measure of their mass. Therefore, the “load“ attached to a lifting appliance has to be regarded as a “mass“, and all ter

23、ms compounded with “load“ are accompanied by kg or t as units of mass. The total mass that can be handled is called “safe working load (load capacity)“*). This definition has a general meaning not only for the handling of loads but also for storing them (load bearing capacity of floors, ceiling stru

24、ctures, etc.). As a matter of course, the application of this definition in the present Standard can only be dealt with within the scope of the latter. The “nominal load“ is of importance for serial lifting equipment, .e. especially for electric hoists. These hoists are rated for a safe working load

25、 under clearly defined operating conditions. Where the actual operating con- ditions differ from these nominal operating conditions, the same working life as under nominal conditions can be obtained for the hoist and its components by derating or uprating the hoist accordingly. The other terms compo

26、unded with “load“ are in general use and need no further explanation. The effective forces are required for calculating the lifting appliances and their components. The denomi- nations “lifting power“ and “drum pull“ were intro- duced into the Standard. The “lifting power“ stands for the first force

27、 applied to the structure by the load handled; it is therefore decisive for calculating the structure and its components. The “drum pull“ is essential for calculating mechanism components. 1) See: DIN 1305 Mass, weight, weight-force, acceleration of gravity; definitions Dr. W. Haeder; N. Ludwig; R.

28、Muschalla: Die Sorgen- kinder der Technik - Kraft - Masse - Gewicht. Sinnvolle Anwendung ihrer Einheiten (The headache engineers - Force - mass -weight. How to use their units) (2nd revised and enlarged edition 1967, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin and Kln) 2) Actually, the definition “safe working load“

29、expresses the capability of carrying (and handling) loads up to a certain weight limit. To render the full meaning of this definition “permissible“ would have to be put in front of this term compounded with “load“. As a simplification, the word “permissible“ is omitted although the content of the definition is thereby enlarged.