1、DC 621 373.1 .O16 : 620.1 DEUTSCHE NORMEN September 1979 Cranes Stability for All Cranes Except Non-rail Mounted Mobile Cranes I 15019 and Except Floating Cranes Part 1 Krane; Standsicherheit fr alle Krane ausser gleislosen Fahrzeugkranen und ausser Schwimmkranen This Standard contains safety provis
2、ions in line with the Technical Working Materials Act. Validity This Standard is applicable as from 1 September 1979. 1 Range of applicatlon and purpose 1.1 This Standard is to be applied to all cranes in accordance with DIN 15018 Part 1 where resistance to toppling over and to drifting caused by wi
3、nd have to be demonstrated, and in addition for any crane parts which are not positively connected to the rest of the supporting structure. The Standard shall also be applied to non-rail mounted mobile cranes with a fixed tower. 1.2 This Standard is not to be applied to other non rail-mounted mobile
4、 cranes or to floating cranes or to cranes which are rigidly connected to foundations or to buildings. 2 Other relevant Standards DIN 1055 Part 4 Design loads for buildings; live loads; wind loads of structures not suscep- tible to vibrations Cranes; principles for steel structures, stress analysis
5、DIN 15 018 Part 1 3 Term and general information 3.1 Stability in accordance with this Standard covers resistance to toppling over and resistance to drifting caused by wind. 3.2 When proving the stability, it is a prerequisite that the operating instructions specified by the manufacturer and by the
6、operator should be adhered to, as well as the Accident Prevention Regulations (UVV “Krane“ (cranes) - VBG 9). 33 The resistance to toppling over shall be demon- strated by calculation and by the application of test loads. 4 Classification of cranes Cranes are classified in respect of the proof of th
7、eir stability in accordance with Table 1 below: Table 1. CraneTypes Crane type 1 2 3 4 5 Designation All crane types, except for those covered by Sections 2 to 5 Mobile or supported rotary tower cranes for use in the construction of buildings, including truck-mounted rotary tower cranes, movable rot
8、ary tower cranes and track-laying rotary tower cranes Rail-mounted rotary cranes running on standard gauge or other types of track, but not crane type 4 Railway cranes of special construction running on standard gauge track, and approved for use with trains Cranes of particularly high capacity, usua
9、lly over 100 t 5 Loading conditions Five conditions of loading as shown in Table 2 have been defined for use in the demonstration by calculation of the stability. Table 2. Loading conditions Load- ing condi- tion 1 2 3 4 5 Description Crane in operation with wind I Crane in operation without wind I
10、Crane in operation with sudden energy Crane with sudden dropping or detachment of the load being lifted Continued on pages 2 to 4 Explanations on pages 5 and 6 Sole Eale fight8 of Gennan Standards (DIN-Normen) are with Beuth Vetlag QmbH. Beilln 30 and KMn 1 08.80 DIM 15 O 19 Teil 1 engl. Preisgr. Ve
11、rtr.Nr. 0105 Page 2 DIN 15019 Part 1 6 Consideration of the effect gf wind 6.1 Nomalcase 6.1.1 Each crane must be stable at all points on the track in both operational and non-operational conditions as specified in Table 2. Exceptional cases are dealt with in Section 6.2. 6.1.2 The calculated operat
12、ional dynamic pressure for cranes when in use shall be set in accordance with DIN 15018 Part 1, April 1974 edition, Section 4.2.1, at q = 250 Nh2. 6.13 The crane shall be taken out of operation when the wind velocity corresponding to the dynamic pressure limit 40, determined from a 10 second average
13、, is exceeded. qoSq -306 Wherein: QO = Dynamic pressure limit in N/m2 q = Calculated operational dynamic pressure for cranes in use in N/m2. corresponding to Section 6.1.2 or Section 6.2.1 i = Time in minutes from dynamic pressure limit QO being exceeded to completion of safety measures 6.1.4 Crane
14、movements in any direction must be guaranteed for the rated output of their drive unit at the dynamic pressure limit qo, but also at a minimum of at least 0.6 times the value of the calculated dynamic pressure in accordance with Section 6. I .2 or Section 6.2.1, 6.1.5 The maximum transmittable momen
15、ts from the drive units, including the brakes, in accordance with Section 6.1.4, must at least correspond with the effects of the calculated dynamic pressure. 6.2 Exceptional cases 6.2.1 The following deviation from the calculated dynamic pressure mentioned in Section 6.1.2 may be agreed between the
16、 manufacturer and the operator: Case a) 125 N/m2 5 q 250 N/m2 if frequent interruption of operation due to the dynamic pressure limit being exceeded is acceptable, and where monitoring of the wind in line with the increased requirements can be assured; Case b) 250 N/m2 q 5 500 N/m2 if particularly h
17、igh requirements are placed on the availability of the crane. 6.22 When determining the time t in accordance with Section 6.1.3 in the case of cranes which, for any special reasons, are not stable when stopped at any point on the crane runway, the longest travel time to the “out-of-operation“ positi
18、on with increasing dynamic pressure shall additionally be taken into account. The increased requirements for wind monitoring in accordance with Section 6.2.1 apply accordingly. 63 Details to be shown in the operating instructions The operating instructions shall contain details of the calculated dyn
19、amic pressure q in accordance with Section 6.1.2, the dynamic pressure limit qo and the time t required to take the crane out of service. 7 Demonstration by calculation of the resistance to toppling over 7.1 General information A crane is considered resistant to toppling over if the total of all mom
20、ents relating to whichever is the most unfavourable tilting edge h O, where moments having a tilting effect are regarded as negative under the application of the dead loads and also the calculated hoist loads mass forces and wind loads in accordance with Table 3 which shows safety figures of varying
21、 magnituc. :,-.r each of these loading conditions listed in Table 2 at the niu,. infavourable loading conditions. 7.2 Calculation assumptions 7.2.1 Stabilizers may only be considered if it can be shown that the forces transmitted by them can be reliably dissipated. 7.2.2 In the case of cranes of typ
22、e 2, the effects of detachable stabilizers may not be used in the calculation to prove safety against toppling over. 7.23 In the case of cranes of crane type 2, it must be demonstrated in the case of doubt existing that the jib is capable of being swung unhindered into the direction of the wind unde
23、r loading condition 5. 7.2.4 The runway, standing surface or track system are assumed to be horizontal in Table 3; the degree of tilt must be taken into consideration in any other circumstances. 7.3 Load assumtions 73.1 Deadloads 7.3.1.1 All the inherent loads G in accordance with DIN 15018 Part 1,A
24、pril 1974edition, Sections4.1.1 and 4.1 2, which have an effect on stability, shall be taken into account at their most unfavourable values and in their most unfavourable, and yet allocated, positions, but without the dead load factor (p according to Section 4.1.4.1. 73.1.2 Special measures may be s
25、pecified under loading condition 5, theeffects of which on the magnitude and position of the dead load shall be taken into account in the calculation. 7.3.2 Hoist loads The hoist loads P in accordance with DIN 15 O1 8 Part 1, April 1974 edition, Section 4.1.3, are to be assumed, but without the hois
26、t load factor Section 4.1.4.2. 733 Forcesof inertia 7.33.1 The forces of inertia which are used shall have the values specified in Table 3, Column 5. The forces of inertia M shall be determined in accordance with DIN 15018Part 1,April 1974edition.Section 4.1.5. 733.2 The individual forces of inertia
27、 shall only be included insofar as they may act together with the other forces of inertia and wind loads. 73.33 The effect of the buffer impact of trolleys and cranes shall be taken into account in accordance with DIN 15018 Part 1. 7.3.4 Wind loads The wind loads W shall be applied in accordance wit
28、h DIN 15 018 Part 1, April 1974 edition, Section 4.2.1 (for exceptions see Section 6.2.1 1. as specified in DIN 15019 Part 1 Page 3 I Table 3. Load assumptions for dead loads, hoist loads, forces of inertia and wind loads when demonstrating 2 Dynamic pressure Q) N/m2 250 O 617 Wind load W (according
29、 to Section 7.3.4) 1.0. w O 8 3 Dead load (accord i ng Section 7.3.1) to 4 Hoist load (accord i ng to Section 7.3.2) including vertical mass forces 5 Forces of inertia from drives (according to Section 7.3.3) Crane Detach- able stabi- lizers Loading condition according to Table 2 types according to
30、Table 1 I 1 In operation with wind 1.4.P 1 .OM I 2 In operation without wind 1 .OM 1.5.P 1.7 .P -0.1 .P O 1.1 .P 1.45 .P 1.6 .P -0.3 . P O lo 3 In operation with sudden energy failure - emergency Swi tch-of f 4 In operation with sudden dropping or detachment of the load being lifted 5 Out of operati
31、on in a storm O Detachec O 1.0 w Accord- ing to DIN 1055 Part 4 1.2, w 1.0. w O Attached I 1 In operation with wind 1 .OM I 2 In ooeration without whd 1 .OM 3 In operation with sudden energy failure - emergency Switch-off 1.0.G O See Sec ;ions 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 I 4 In operation with sudden dropping or
32、 detachment of the load being lifted behind O 2 I O O 1 0.8 . W 1.2. w 1.2 w Accord- ing to DIN 1055 Part 4 O O storm free to rotate sides O O I 1 In operation with wind 1.0.M 1.2 *P 1.45 .P 2 In operation without wind 3 In operation with sudden energy failure - emergency switch-off 1.OM 1.6 *P O 4
33、In operation with sudden dropping or detachment of the load being lifted Without -0.3 .P O Accord- 1 1.2. w ing to DIN 1055 O O 5 Out of operation in a storm 41 By agreement with the competent supervisory authority 5 1) For exceptions see Section 6.2.1 Page 4 DIN 15019 Part 1 the braked wheel 8 Demo
34、nstration of the resistance to toppling over by the application of test loads 8.1 Low test load (in motion) This test load is to be effected before the first commission- ing in conditions of no wind and with the test loads as specified in Table 4, Column 2; when carrying out this test, all authorize
35、d movements must be effected individually under the most unfavourable conditions of loading, but exercising the level of care which would be normal in regular operation. The absence of wind may be assumed if the dynamic pressure does not exceed 40 N/m2. the rail tongs 1) (with roughened and hardened
36、 surface) 8.2 High test load (at rest) The cranes may additionally be tested in pursuance of DIN 15018 Part 1,April 1974 edition, Section 4.3.3 with a static test load as specified in Table 4, Column 3. 0.02 8.3 Scale graduations of the indicator device The scale graduations of the indicator device
37、for the length of the jib in the case of jib and rotating cranes 0.25 I 0.005 0.14 Table 4. Test loads shall be determined with the relevant hoist load attached in each case on account of the deformation which occurs with the crane in its loaded state. 9 Demonstration of the resistance to drifting c
38、aused by the wind 9.1 The resistance to drifting caused by the wind shall be demonstrated for all cranes operating in the open air under the following conditions: - Load condition 1 Cranes operating in a wind at 1 .O times the dynamic pressure specified in Section 6.1.2 or Section 6.2.1 at 1.2 times
39、 the wind loads specified in DIN 1055.Paart 4, May 1977 edition, Table 1 The resistance to travel due to friction and the coeffi- cients of friction shown in Table 5 shall apply. 9.2 For manually operated rail tongs the hand power required for this may be no more than 300 N. - Load condition 5 Crane
40、s out of operation in a storm 2 I 3 Table 5. Resistance to travel and coefficients of frGtion Ratio: Resistance to travel Radial load I Coefficient of friction between the track and DIN 15019 Part 1 Page 5 Explanations The reasons for the replacement DIN 120, November 1936 edition, by three Standard
41、s, namely DIN 15 O1 8 in respect of cranes, DIN 15019 in respect of stability and DIN 4132 for crane runways are given in detail in the Explanations to DIN 15018 Part 1. DIN 15019 contains - in accordance with DIN 15018 Part 1, April 1974 edition, Section 7.5 -only the rules for the required demonst
42、rations of stability, and in fact in two parts: Part 2 “Stability of non-rail mounted mobile cranes“ and Part 1 of the present Standard, which applies to all other cranes with the exception of floating cranes in accordance with DIN 15018 Part 1. DIN 15019 Part 1 supersedes para.22of DIN 120Part 1. T
43、his separation enables both the wide range of current models and future developments to be taken into account. Re Section 1 - Range of application and purpose Cranes which are rigidly connected to foundations or to buildings do not fall under the range of application of this Standard, since in this
44、case it is not the stability, but the stresses in the corresponding structural parts that are to be proven, e.g. compressions in the ground joint, strength of the anchoring ropes and the reliability of the anchorages. When conducting these proofs, it is recommended that the conditions for mobile rot
45、ary tower cranes as specified in Table 3 should be used as the basis. Re Cection 4 - Classification of cranes In accordance with Table 1 “Crane types“, crane type 2 also includes rotary tower cranes which are moved in a similar fashion to truck-mounted, movable and track- laying cranes, but in which
46、 the tower is clamped to the rotating platform and where considerable time and effort would be required on order to remove the tower to ground level, thus escaping the effect of a rising storm. On the other hand, in the case of truck-mounted, movable and track-laying cranes, the main jib is always h
47、inged to the rotating platform in such a way that it can be rotated about a horizontal axis and can be maintained in its upright operating position by adjusting ropes. Operation of the adjusting mechanism is all that will be required in order to place the jib system on the ground in a reasonably sho
48、rt period of time. The decisive criterion is the possibility of removing the supporting structure from the effects of a rising storm in a reasonably short period of time. The rail-mounted rotary craneson standard gauge or other types of railway track mentioned in Table 1 under crane type 3 are crane
49、s which move only within a limited working area. They may not leave this area; their running gear is not suitable for the speeds usually attained on the roads. On the other hand, railway cranes of crane type 4 are at the disposal of the railway administration departments and are used by them in an extremely wide range of models for the most varied of purposes. The stability requirements also differ greatly depending on the use to which they are put and for this reason may not be included in the general Standard, but remain subject to special agreements. Also, in the case of cranes of c
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