DIN 18128-2002 Soil - Investigation and testing - Determination of ignition loss《土壤 调查和检测 灼烧损失测定》.pdf

1、ICS 93.020Baugrund Untersuchung von Bodenproben Bestimmungdes GlhverlustesIn keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.Ref. No. DIN 18128 : 2002-12English price group 05 Sale

2、s No. 010507.03DEUTSCHE NORM December 200218128 No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).Translation by DIN-S

3、prachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.Determining the ignition loss of soilContinued on pages 2 to 4.ForewordThis standard has been prepared by Technical Committee Baugrund; Versuche und Versuchsgerte of theNormenausschuss Bauwesen

4、 (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee).AmendmentsThis standard differs from the November 1990 edition in that the oven has been specified as a DIN 12880-1oven and the standard has been editorially revised.Previous editionDIN 18128: 1990-11.SupersedesNovember 1990 edition.ContentsPageF

5、oreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Designation . . . . . . . . .

6、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Preparation of soil sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 Sample mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Page6.2 Drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3

7、Crushing of sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Expression of results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Application examples . . . . . . . . . . . .

8、. . . . 410.1 Ignition loss of humic sand . . . . . . . . . . . 410.2 Ignition loss of sandy sapropel . . . . . . . . 4Page 2DIN 18128 : 2002-121 ScopeThis standard is intended for use in earthworks and foundation engineering. It specifies a method of determiningthe organic matter content of soil on

9、 the basis of the ignition loss, which serves to assess and classify soil forcivil engineering purposes.2 Normative referencesThis standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These norma-tive references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, an

10、d the titles of the publications are listed below.For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to thisstandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition ofthe publication referred to applies.DIN

11、 4022-1 Classification and description of soil and rock Borehole logging of soil and rock not involvingcontinuous coringDIN 12339 Petri dishes for laboratory useDIN 12491 Vacuum desiccators for laboratory useDIN 12880-1 Ovens for laboratory use Safety requirements and testingDIN 12904 Hard porcelain

12、 crucibles and crucible lids for laboratory useDIN 18121-1 Determination of water content of soil by the oven-drying methodDIN 18196 Earthworks Soil classification for civil engineering purposes and methods of soil identification3 ConceptThe ignition loss of soil, Vgl, is the ratio of the mass lost

13、on ignition, Dmgl, to its original dry mass, md:Dmglmd mglVgl= = (1)mdmdwheremdis the initial dry sample mass;mglis the sample mass after ignition.NOTE: This method is based on the assumption that, unlike the mineral constituents, the organic matter in thesoil can be burned. However, the loss of mas

14、s of cohesive soil on ignition is not due solely to the oxidationof organic carbon to form carbon dioxide, but to a rather complex system of physical and chemical pro-cesses involving, for example, the release of bound water and water of crystallization from the minerals.Furthermore, calcium hydroxi

15、de can react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, and iron com-pounds in the soil may oxidize, this resulting in an increase in mass.4 DesignationDesignation of a method for determining the ignition loss (GL) of soil:Method DIN 18128 GL5 ApparatusThe following equipment shall be used:a) sp

16、atula;b) DIN 12339 Petri dishes;c) pestle and mortar, or ball mill;d) DIN 12904 porcelain crucible;e) balance, capable of being read to an accuracy of 0,01 g;f) DIN 12880-1 oven;g) electric muffle furnace, capable of maintaining a temperature of 550 C to within 30 K;h) DIN 12491 vacuum desiccator, c

17、ontaining a desiccant (e.g. calcium chloride or anhydrous silica gel).Page 3DIN 18128 : 2002-126 Sample preparation6.1 Sample massA representative sample shall be taken from the soil to be examined and dried to obtain the minimum samplemass required (see table 1).Table 1: Minimum sample massSoil typ

18、eMinimum sample mass,in gOrganic soil and fine-grained soil 15Sand 30Gravelly sand 200Gravel 1 0006.2 DryingThe sample shall be dried to constant mass at 105 C in the oven, and allowed to cool to ambient temperaturein an airtight container or in a desiccator.6.3 Crushing of sampleAfter cooling to am

19、bient temperature, fine-grained sample material shall be pulverized using the pestle andmortar or a ball mill.Aggregations of particles in sandy or gravelly soil due to drying shall be broken down so as to avoid crushingof the individual particles.7 ProcedureBefore being used for the first time, the

20、 porcelain crucible shall be heated in a muffle furnace at 550 C for20 minutes, allowed to cool to ambient temperature in the desiccator, and then weighed to an accuracy of 0,01 g(mass mB).A quantity of dried and crushed sample material that will not fill more than two thirds of the crucible volume

21、shallbe weighed to an accuracy of 0,01 g (dry sample mass, md) and transferred to the crucible.NOTE 1: Experience has shown that the soil in the crucible may deflagrate.The crucible and contents shall be heated in the muffle furnace at 550 C until its mass is constant, allowed tocool to ambient temp

22、erature in the desiccator, and reweighed (mass (mgl+ mB).NOTE 2: For small sample sizes, an ignition time of two hours is usually sufficient.8 EvaluationThe ignition loss, Vgl, shall be calculated, as a percentage, from the mass of soil lost on ignition, Dmgl, in g, usingthe following equations:Dmgl

23、=(md+ mB)(mgl+ mB)=md mglDmglVgl=md9 Test reportThe test report shall refer to this standard and include the following information:a) ignition loss, Vgl, as a percentage;b) designation of method;c) type of soil, as in DIN 4022-1;d) soil group, as in DIN 18196;e) presence of any mineral substances th

24、at may affect the ignition loss (e.g. gypsum, Ca(OH)2);f) moisture content, as defined in DIN 18121-1;g) ignition time.Page 4DIN 18128 : 2002-1210 Application examples10.1 Determination of ignition loss of humic sandTable 2: Ignition loss of humic sandInitial dry mass of sample plus mass of crucible

25、, md+ mB, in gMass of sample and crucible after ignition, mgl+ mB, in gMass of crucible, mB, in gMass of soil lost on ignition, Dmgl= (md+ mB) (mgl+ mB), in gInitial dry mass of sample, md= (md+ mB) mB, in gDmglIgnition loss, Vgl= , as a percentagemdAverage ignition loss, Vgl, as a percentageResults

26、 (test report):a) Ignition loss: Vgl= 4,1%.b) Test DIN 18128 GL.c) Soil type (as in DIN 4022-1): fS, ms, h, dark grey.d) Soil group (as in DIN 18196): SE.e) Free of lime.f) Moisture content = 7,2%.g) Ignition time: 2 h.10.2 Ignition loss of sandy sapropelTable 3: Determination of ignition loss of sa

27、ndy sapropelResults (test report):a) Ignition loss: Vgl= 13,7%.b) Test DIN 18128 GL.c) Soil type (as in DIN 4022-1): fS, dark greyish-brown.d) Soil group (as in DIN 18196): F.e) Free of lime.f) Moisture content = 8,9%.g) Ignition time: 2 h.Crucible no.Initial dry mass of sample plus mass of crucible

28、, md+ mB, in gMass of sample and crucible after ignition, mgl+ mB, in gMass of crucible, mB, in gMass of soil lost on ignition, Dmgl= (md+ mB) (mgl+ mB), in gInitial dry mass of sample, md= (md+ mB) mB, in gDmglIgnition loss, Vgl= , as a percentagemdAverage ignition loss, Vgl, as a percentageCrucible no.