DIN 2096-1-1981 Helical compression springs made of round wire and rod Quality requirements for hot formed compression springs《圆线材及棒材制圆柱形螺旋压缩弹簧 热绕压缩弹簧的质量要求》.pdf

1、UDC 62-272.272 . 001.4 . 003.62 . 620 1DEUTSCHE NORMNovember 1981Continued on pages 2 to 7Supersedes DIN 2096/ January 1974Dimensions in mmFigure 1. Helical compression spring with theoretical force-deflection graph3Illustration of the helical compression springel1NIII. )IF1-VIIe: l:lt-Oe“V) C0.-OJF

2、e theo.cL:-r-:.u .“I“.1 t,As it is current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), thecomma has been used throughout as a decimal marker.2 PurposeThis standard describes the technical manufacturing tolerances usually adopted for hot formed helical

3、 compressionsprings, when said springs are manufactured either in small quantities or in medium size series. This enables thepermissible deviations of functionally important characteristics to be laid down in a suitable manner for manufac turing purposes at the design stage already.More stringent re

4、quirements, particularly in respect of individual characteristics which are important for the properfunctioning of the spring, must be agreed separately at the time of ordering.Zylindrische Schraubendruckfedern aus runden Driihten und Stiiben;Gliteanforderungen bei warmgeformten Druckfedern1 ScopeTh

5、e permissible deviations specified in this standard apply to helical compression springs which satisfy the followingconditions:_ lot size up to 5000 pieces- rod or wire diameter d 8 to 60 mm- external coil diameter De ;:;i 460 mm- length of unloaded spring Lo;:;i 800 mm- number of active turns n ;:;

6、 3- coiling ratio w 3 to 12In the case of lot sizes of 5000 pieces or more, DIN 2096 Part 2 applies, subject to certain conditions.Gim;oj“c:Eoz.,.s.,.oza0co(i;.!Ec-:2Q.)(;i coc-.!:cco:;:o:2c a:;0!Gii:50J:l.!cJE:= G)=-gILc.!.2 .E ci;0.!e;IL:I:t-1!Helical compression springs 0 INomade of round wire an

7、d rodI!Quality requirements for hot formed compression springs 2096=:gl, . .L ,;“p.:a_rt;.;.1 -I0 ou:llUS“,“c .“ -,I:C = “,.- Eo!:; co,8.=.:.a_c .!tJ:-c=.!=(/)0:“c0-Z-Sole sale rights of German Standards (DIN-Normen) are with Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin 3001.83DIN 2096 Part 1 Engl. Price group 8Sales

8、No. 0108Page 2 DIN 2096 Part 14 Formula symbols, terms, units-Formula symbol Term UnitADpermissible deviation of the mean coil diameter D of the unloaded mmspringAdpermissible deviation of the nominal diameter dImmADepermissible deviation of the external coil diameter De of the unloadedImmspringAmpe

9、rmissible deviation of the internal coil diameter Diof the unloadedImmspringAFpermissible deviation of the spring force F at a specified spring length LINIALapermissible deviation of the length La of the unloaded spring mmAntpermissible deviation of the total number ntof turns -ARpermissible deviati

10、on of spring rate R N/mmDe +Dimean coil diameterD=- mm2Deexternal coil diameter mmDiinternal coil diameter mmd wire or rod diameter prior to the coiling of the spring mmdmaxupper deviation of nominal diameter d mme1permissible deviation of the generatrix from the vertical, measured on mmthe unloaded

11、 spring (see figure 1)e2permissible deviation from absolute parallelism of the two ground mmspring ends of the unloaded spring, measured at the external diameterDeF1to Fnspring forces, correlated to the spring lengths L 1 to LnNFpspring force, correlated to the test length LpNFctheotheoretical sprin

12、g force, correlated to the solid length LcNLalength of the unloaded spring mmL1to Lnlengths of the loaded spring, correlated to the spring forces F 1 to FnmmLcsolid length, shortest possible spring length (all the coils in contact with mmone another)Ln=Lc+Sa shortest permissible test length mmLpleng

13、th of loaded spring, correlated to the test force FpmmLslength of spring during presetting mmn number of active turns -nttotal number of turns -LlFR=- spring rate N/mmLl551 to 5nspring deflections, correlated to the spring forces F1to FnmmDIN 2096 Part 1 Page 3Formula symbolTerm UnitSc = Lo- Lcsolid

14、 spring deflection,correlated to the theoretical spring force Fctheommspspring deflection, correlated to the test force FpmmSa = Ln- Lcsafety gap, sum of the minimum clear distances between adjoining mmactive turns at the spring length LnDcoiling ratiow=-d5 Design5.1 MaterialThe steel grades accord

15、ing to DIN 17 221 and DIN 17 225 are applicable as the starting material for springs in accord ance with this standard.5.2 Winding directionHelical compression springs have a right-handed (clockwise) winding as a general rule, and when they are installed inspring banks, they are alternately right-ha

16、nded and left-handed, with the outside spring usually being right-handed(normal arrangement).If the springs are required to have a left-handed (anticlockwise) winding, this must be specified by the indication “Ieft handed winding“ on the drawings or on the enquiry or purchase order documents.5.3 Spr

17、ing endsThe usual types of spring end shapes are illustrated in figure 2. If only one shape is indicated on the drawings, said shapeshall apply to both ends of the spring; a combination of two shapes, e.g. shape 1 and shape 2, is possible.In order to achieve a uniform contact of all the turns when t

18、he spring is compressed to its solid length, the total numberof turns shall terminate at 1/2if possible, especially in the case of small numbers of turns.Shape 1.Ends closed andground flatFigure 2. Spring end shapesShape 2.Ends closed,unmachinedShape 3.Ends forged,closed andground flat6 Wire or rod

19、diameter before coiling6.1 Rods according to DIN 2077 with rolled surfaceTable 1. Nominal diameter and permissible deviationsNominal diameter Permissible deviationsdAd8d11,5 0,1512d21,5 0,222d29,5 0,2530:;d:;39 0,340:;d:;50 0,452d60 0,5Page 4 DIN 2096 Part 16.2 Rods with machined surface, i.e. with

20、turned, peeled or ground surfaceTable 2. Permissible deviations of the nominal diameterNominal diameter Permissible deviationsdAd8:;d:; 10 0,0510d:;20 0,0820 d :;30 0,1030d :;40 0,1240d 0,157 Spring body7.1 Permissible deviation of length of the unloaded springIn the case of springs in respect of wh

21、ich the spring forces and their associated spring lengths are specified, the lengthLoof the unloaded spring must in principle be regarded only as a guideline value.However, in cases where the length Lois toleranced, the following formulae apply to the permissible deviation:in the case of springs mad

22、e of rods with a rolled surface:in the case of springs made of rods with a machined surface:In the abvoe cases, only the spring rate R may be specified additionally.(1 )(2)7.2 Permissible deviation of the coil diameterOnly 0 n e coil diameter, viz. the external coil diameter De or the internal coil

23、diameter Dimust be specified in enquiryand purchase order documents, acceptance prescriptions and drawings. The numerical values of the permissible deviationsin table 3 below apply solely to the end turns.Table 3. Permissible deviations on the external or internal coil diameterDe or DiADeorAmSprings

24、 made of rods Springs made of rodswith a rolled surface, with a machined surfacefor a coiling ratio w for a coiling ratio wover upto up to 8 over 8 up to 8over 850 0,8 1,2 0,6. 0,850 65 1 1,5 0,7 165 80 1,2 1,8 0,8 1,280 100 1,5 2,3 1 1,5100 125 1,7 2,6 1,1 1,7125 160 2 3 1,3 2160 200 2,2 3,3 1,5 2,

25、2200 250 2,6 3,9 1,8 2,6250 300 3,1 4,6 2,1 3,1300 460 4 5,5 2,5 4Because the active turns of the spring exhibit wider tolerances than those specified in table 3 for the end turns, it isrecommended, in the case of springs which operate inside a sleeve or over a mandrel, to specify in addition either

26、 theminimum diameter of the sleeve and the maximum diameter of the mandrel, respectively, on drawings, and in enquiryand purchase order documents (see figure 1).7.3 Permissible deviation of total number of turnsThe relationship below applies to springs made of rods with a rolled surface:Ant = 0,015

27、ntThe following relationship applies to springs made of rods with a machined surface:Ant = 0,012 ntDIN 2096 Part 1 Page 5(3)(4)7.4 Permissible deviation e, of the generatrix from the vertical, when the spring is unloaded, and permissible deviatione2 from absolute parallelism of the two ground spring

28、 seating faces, for springs made of rods with a rolled surface orwith a machined surfacee, =0,03 La (corresponds to 1f) (5)e2 = 0,025 . De (corresponds to 1,5)8 Spring parameters8.1 Permissible deviation of the spring forceThe relationship below applies to springs made of rods with a rolled surface:

29、The following relationship applies to springs made of rods with a machined surface:In special cases, the tolerance zone of the spring force for springs which operate together in pairs or groups can be sub divided into test groups. A pre-selected quantitative distribution of the springs among the tes

30、t groups is not possible.(6)(7)(8)8.2 Permissible deviation of the spring rateThe spring rate shall only be toleranced in cases where it exercises a major influence on the operational behaviour of thespring. In such cases, only 0 n e additional spring force F must be toleranced for the spring rate R

31、.The permissible deviation of the spring rate amounts to:AR= 0,065(+1) R (9)for springs made of rods with a rolled surface, and to:AR=0,045(+1)R(10)for springs made of rods with a machined surface.8.3 Solid lengthThe solid length amounts to the following values:in the case of springs with ends close

32、d and ground flat, of shapes 1 and 3 according to figure 2:Lc= (nt - 0,3) dmaxin the case of springs with unmachined ends of shape 2 according to figure 2:Lc= (nt + 1,1 ) dmax( 11)(12)The actual (existing) total number of turns, rounded to 0 n e decimal place aft e r the decimal comma must beentered

33、 in the equation for nt.If the solid length has been fixed at the outset, special arrangements must be made in respect of the parameters for whichthe manufacturing compensation applies.8.4 Safety gapThe safety gap Sa shall amount to the following value at the spring length LnSa;:0,02Den (13)i.e. the

34、 clear distance between adjoining turns, per turn (Sa) shall be2 % of the external coil diameter De. Within Sathe spring characteristic can be strongly progressive. nPage 6 DIN 2096 Part 19 Manufacturing compensationIn order to enable him to satisfy the prescribed permissible deviations of the sprin

35、g parameters, the manufacturer requiresa manufacturing compensation.Table 4. Correlation of prescribed parameters with the manufacturing compensationPrescribed parametersManufacturing com-pensation by means ofOne spring force with associatedLod“tlength and the spring rateTwo spring forces with assoc

36、iated lengths Lod“tLength Loof the unloaded spring and the spring rate d“tIn exceptional cases where the total number of turns is specifically prescribed, it is of course not applicable as a manufac turing compensation.10 TestingIn view of the spring forces which have to be measured, a class 1 sprin

37、g testing machine according to DIN 51 220 must beused.The spring is inserted into the spring testing machine with the aid of guides or test plates if necessary, and is stressed inthe direction of the spring axis.The spring characteristic calculated according to DIN 2089 Part 1 *) (force-eleflection

38、graph) of the helical compressionspring is a straight line (linear characteristic). In practice, the characteristic is not linear, particularly at its beginning andat its end (run-out). Should the spring rate R have to be tested by determination of the spring characteristic, it will there fore be ne

39、cessary for the measurements to be carried out within the range of 0,3 . Fnto 0,7 . Fn, where Fnis correlated tothe minimum permissible test length Ln.Before the testing of the spring parameters, the spring must be compressed at least once to its solid (Le. shortest) length,or to a mutually agreed s

40、pring length Ls. When compressing the spring down to its solid length, the spring force shall notexceed 1,5 times the theoretical spring force Fctheoat the very most.Thereafter, the prescribed spring lengths L shall be run up on the machine, and the associated spring forces F shall bemeasured.As a r

41、esult, the spring rate R amounts to:F2- F, F2- F, .:1F .:1FR=-=-=-=-L,-L252-5, .:1L .:15/_ Fe theaJFn/,7FnF,/Ill.3FnVU=!J.50 o.3snO,1sn5nSpring s-Sa LcdeflectionSc51 Ln52 L2L,LoFigure 3. Test graph*) January 1979 draft(14)DIN 2089 Part 1 *)DIN 2096 Part 2DIN 17221DIN 17225DIN 51 220DIN 2096 Part 1 P

42、age 7Standards referred toDIN 2077 Spring steel, round, hot rolled; dimensions, permissible dimensional deviations and deviations offormHelical compression springs made of round wire and rod; calculation and designHelical compression springs made of round rods; quality requirements for mass producti

43、onHot rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs; quality specificationsHigh temperature steels for springs; quality propertiesMaterials testing machines; general directions*) January 1979 draftPrevious editionsDIN 2075: 07.49; DIN 2096: 07.56, 10.56, 01.71, 01.74AmendmentsThe following amendme

44、nts have been made in comparison with the January 1974 edition:DIN 2096 changed to DIN 2096 Part 1. Scope extended. Contents revised factually and editorially, see Explanations.ExplanationsThe publication of DIN 2096 Part 2 - Helical compression springs made of round rods; quality requirements for m

45、assproduction - in January 1979 made it necessary to revise and limit appropriately the contents of Standard DIN 2096,January 1974 edition.Editorial and factual alterations arose from this revision.The editorial alterations relate to the adoption of the same formula symbols and dimension letters as

46、those used in Part 2and in other standards on springs to describe the spring body and its operation.A modified arrangement of the sections simplifies the perspective on the quality requirements relating to the startingmaterial, the spring body and its characteristics.The factual alterations concern

47、the equations for the determination of the permissible deviations from the desired valuesof Hie spring body and of the spring parameters. Thanks to computer-assisted calculations of the achievable manufactur ing quality and of the range of scatter of the spring parameters, it has been possible to de

48、rive equations which are suffi ciently refined to enable a clear distinction to be made between starting material with a rolled surface and starting mate rial with a machined surface, and also which provide calculation values for the permissible deviations at the limits of therange of application of this standard which closely conform with practical values.The number of requirements has been extended to include the permissible deviations of the total number of turns in thecase of starting materials with a rolled surface or with a machined surface.