1、DEUTSCHE NORM June 1994 Lugs on vessels for use in process eng nee ring Dimensions and maximum safe workinq load DIN - 28 086 ICs 71.120.10 Supersedes November 1977 edition. Tragsen an Apparaten fr Montage; Mae und maximale Krfte In keeping with current practice in standards published by the Interna
2、tional Organization for Standardization (EO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. Dimensions in mm Contents 1 Scope and field of application . . 1 Page 2 Dimensions and designation 2 3 4 Arrangements of lugs . 4 5 Maximum safe working load . 5 5.1 General . 5 5.2 Maximum safe wor
3、king load of shackles 6 5.3 Maximum safe working load of lugs 6 5.4 Thickness of reinforcement plates and throat thickness of welds 6 5.5 Load capacity of vessel ends 6 6 Materials . 7 Quantities, symbols and units . 1 Scope and field of application This standard specifies dimensions of lugs with re
4、inforcement plates for low-alloy and stainless steel vessels, mainly designed for use in process engineering. It also describes a method used to calculate the maximum safe working load of lugs and shackles, as well as the load capacity of dished vessel ends near load attachment points. If vessels ar
5、e to be lined, compliance with the relevant requirements shall be ensured (cf. DIN 28051 or DIN 28 060). NOTE: This standard does not deal with the load capacity of ends of cylindrical vessels or of other vessel components located near load attachment points. The analysis of such parts falls within
6、the responsibility of the user. Continued on pages 2 to 9. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). DIN 28 086 Engl. Price group 9 02.96 Sales No. O109 Page 2 DIN 28 086 2 Dimensions and designation For general tolerances, see DIN 8570 Part 1, tol
7、erance class D. I m Vent hole 6,8 mm in diameter) Reinforcement plate t-+- 1- The design of lugs and reinforcement plates shall be selected to suit the vessel shell. Figure 1 : Design details of lug The designation of a lug of nominal size 3, made of RSt 37-2 steel, material number 1.0038, with a re
8、inforcement plate made of X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 steel, material number 1.4571, shall read: Lg DIN 28086 - 3 - 1.0038 - 1.4571 Table 1 : Lug dimensions Nominal size To be calculated as subclause 5.4. The values specified for h are minimum values. Where h exceeds the specified dimensions, care shall be
9、 taken that lugs and welds are sufficiently strong to carry the design load. I) The vent hole size shall correspond to thread size M 8, the type of plug being at the discretion of the manufacturer. DIN 28 086 Page 3 3 Quantities, symbols and units Table 2: Quantities, symbols and units Symbol ai a2
10、A C1 c2 F K n R se SO Si s2 U W a Y f Subscripts B e G L M S V Unit Quantity Throat thickness of weld between lug and reinforcement plate Throat thickness of weld between reinforcement plate and vessel shell Intermediate value Allowance in case the actual shell thickness is less than the design thic
11、kness (cf. AD-Merkblatt (AD Code of practice) BO). Allowance for wear (cf. AD-Merkblatt BO) Load correction factor Load Strength parameter Number of (uniformly loaded) lugs Vessel outer radius near load attachment points Actual thickness of shell Shell thickness without allowance (so = se - cl - c2)
12、 Lug thickness Thickness of reinforcement plate Intermediate value Load increase factor Angle of sling legs to vertical Angle between sling legs and vertical lug axis Safety factor Relating to the vessel end Actual value Relating to the lug arrangement Relating to individual lugs Relating to the ves
13、sel mass Relating to the shackle Relating to the reinforcement plate Relating to a specified maximum operating temperature Page 4 DIN 28 086 4 Arrangements of lugs m /- -/- /*.-,- i - Figure 2: Maximum safe working load for a single lug: FG= FL I 1 1 $ i Figure 3: Maximum safe working load for two l
14、ugs with crossheads: FG = 2 - F, Figure 4: Maximum safe working load for two lugs with a double sling: FL = FG/(2 - cos a) Figure 5: Maximum safe working load for three lugs with a triple sling: FL = FG/(3 . cos a) NOTE: Lug arrangements shown in figures 4 and 5 shall not be used to lift vessels fro
15、m a horizontal into an upright position. DIN 28 086 Page 5 Nominal size of shackle Maximum safe working load, Fs, in kN Nominal size of associated lugs3) 5 Maximum safe working load 5.1 General Loads shall be applied in the plane of lugs only. If more than one lug is foreseen, care shall be taken th
16、at each lug carries an equal share of the load. A safety factor, y, of 1,6 shall be taken into account when calculating the maximum safe working load of lugs and vessel ends, as well as the thickness of reinforcement plates and the throat thickness of welds. The maximum safe working load of each com
17、ponent shall be verified separately in compliance with the methods specified in subclauses 5.2 to 5.5. As a rule. the maximum safe working load of the lifting gear is determined by its weakest component. 5 10 16 25 50 1 O0 160 250 1 and 2 3 4 5 Table 3: Maximum safe working load of shackles, F, , in
18、 compliance with DIN 82 016 or DIN 82 101 Arrangement of lugs Item no. Lug nominal sizes 1 2 3 4 5 Angle a 1 0“to 15“ 2 36 149 254 422 42 3 Two lugs without crossheads (cf. figure 4) 4 Over 15“ up to 30“ 33 133 227 379 576 Over 30 up to 45 27 108 185 310 470 Over 45 up to 60 0“to 15“ Table 4: Maximu
19、m safe working load, FG, for different lug arrangements 19 77 131 218 332 55 223 380 633 962 Over15“upto30“ Over 30 up to 45 Three lugs (cf. figure 5) Single lug (cf. figure 2) 50 199 341 567 863 40 163 278 464 704 Maximum safe working load, FG4), in kN, at 20C with K, = 240 N/mm2 19 I 77 I 131 I 21
20、8 I 332 Two lugs with crossheads - I (cf. figure 3) 1 38 I 154 I 262 1 436 1 664 I Over45“upto60“ I 29 I 115 I 197 I 328 I 499 ) The values specified apply to the total safe working load of individual lug arrangements. Page 6 DIN 28 086 W 5.2 Maximum safe working load of shackles The maximum safe wo
21、rking load per shackle, FSe, shall be calculated using the following equation: FGe Fse = FL = n cos a FGe is the effective load; II a where is the number of uniformly loaded shackles; is the angle of the sling legs to the vertical. 1 2 I Shackles shall be deemed sufficiently strong if FSe does not e
22、xceed the Fs values specified in table 3. (2) Lug size 1 5.3 Maximum safe working load of lugs The maximum safe working load of lugs shall be verified in compliance with DIN 18 O00 Part 1. Based on a strength parameter, K = 240 N/mm2, table 4 specifies the maximum safe working load of lugs listed in
23、 table 1 and lug arrangements illustrated in figures 2 to 5. If lugs are to be manufactured from materials or are intended for use at temperatures other than those specified in this standard, the total safe working load shall be calculated as a function of the strength parameter using the follow- in
24、g equation: 2 3 4 5 The effective safe working load of lugs and shackles is equal, .e. FLe = Fse. (4) ture, FGs (5) Lugs shall be deemed sufficiently strong if FGe does not exceed the maximum load for a specified working tempera- A 5.4 Thickness of reinforcement plates and throat thickness of welds
25、Assuming that the load is applied to the reinforcement plates and welds are at an angle , the thickness of reinforce- ment plates, s2, is to be calculated using the following equation: 59 76 113 139 167 Its actual thickness, se, shall satisfy the following condition: The load increase factor, W shal
26、l be selected in compliance with table 5. S, I sp 11,5se Table 5: Load increase factor I 560“ I 60“ The throat thicknesses, a, and a2, shall be deemed adequate if they comply with equations (7) and (8) respectively (see figure 1). a, 2 0,7 s1 min (7) a2 2 0,7 - s (8) where s, min equals either s1 or
27、 s2, whichever is smaller, and spmin equals either s1 or se, whichever is smaller. 5.5 Load capacity of vessel ends In order to rate a vessel end, a spherical cap of the same shape and dimension is selected on which, with exception of the rim, a radial force is exerted. An intermediate value, U, is
28、calculated using the following equation, the intermediate value A being given in table 6. A u= JR-S, (9) DIN 28 086 Page 7 The load correction factor, attachment points, FB, is thus calculated using the following equation: is given in figure 6 as a function of U. The maximum load capacity in the are
29、a of load The effective safe working load applied to a single lug, FLe, shall satisfy the following condition, W being selected from table 5: FB FLe s - W t f 6 Materials Lugs and reinforcemeri with DIN EN 10 025. plates U- Figure 6: Load correction factor hall be made from at least RSt 37-2 stei ma
30、terial number 1.0038, in compliance Reinforcement plates shall be suitable for welding Unalloyed and low-alloy reinforcement plates may be welded to stainless steel vessels provided the vessel shell is at least 4 mm thick. Otherwise, they shall also be made from stainless steel. The same type of mat
31、erial may also be required, for both the vessel shell and the reinforcement plate, if the vessel shell is to be subjected to extreme ser- vice conditions or temperatures. Page 8 DIN 28 086 Standards and other documents referred to DIN 8570 Part 1 General tolerances for welded structures; linear and
32、angular dimensions DIN 18 800 Part 1 Structural steelwork; design and construction DIN 28 051 Design of metallic components designed to receive organic coatings and linings for use in pro- cess engineering DIN 28 060 Pressure vessels and apparatus to be faced with masonry; design and construction DI
33、N 82 016 Shackles for use on cargo handling gear DIN 82 101 Shackles DIN EN 10 025 Hot rolled unalloyed structural steel products; technical delivery conditions (includes Amendment Al : 1993) AD-Merkblatt BO*) Berechnung von Druckbehltern (Design of pressure vessels) Other relevant standard DIN 8558
34、 Part 2 Design and workmanship of welded joints on steel vessels and storage tanks for use in the chemical industry Previous edition DIN 28086: 11.77. Amendments In comparison with the November 1977 edition the following amendments have been made: a) Specifications regarding the maximum safe working
35、 load of lug arrangements have been revised. b) Design details for vessel ends and reinforcement plates have been included. c) Type A lugs without reinforcement plates are no longer included. d) The analysis of lugs has been based on the method described in DIN 18000 Part 1. e) The standard has been
36、 editorially revised. Explanatory notes Calculation example Given parameters The vessel is lifted as illustrated in figure 7. Mass of vessel: 7 200 kg. Lugs of nominal size 2 as in DIN 28 086, with s, = 15 mm; arrangement of lugs as in figure 4, with n = 2. Shackles of nominal size 5 as in DIN 82 10
37、1 (cf. table 1). Strength parameters: = 55 O, a = 40 o and K, = 240 N/mm2 (lug) K, = 235 N/mm2 (reinforcement plate) K,= 265 N/mm2 (vessel end) Vessel end: torospherical, dished; R = 2 O00 mm, se = 12 mm, c, = 1 mm, c2 = 1 mrn. Figure 7: Vessel and lifting gear When the vessel is lifted, each lug ca
38、rries an equal share of the load. Thus, FGe = 72 O00 N. *) Obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrae 6, D-10787 Berlin and from Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strae 449, D-50939 Kln. DIN 28086 Page 9 Calculation i. Maximum safe working load for shackles 72 O00 = 46 995 50 O00 = FS FSe
39、 = 2 * coS40“ 2. Maximum safe working load for lugs FG, = 72 O00 108000 = FG = FG; * 1,6 sp = 0,5 . = 8,94 Thus, since se s sp 5 1,5 se, the value chosen for s2 is 12 mm. 4. Throat thickness a, s, = 15mm s2 = 12mm a, 2 0,7 - 12 mm = 8,4 mm As indicated in subclause 5.4, the smaller value is chosen:
40、Thus, the value chosen for a, is 9 mm. 5. Throat thickness a2 Assuming that s2 = 12 mm and se = 12 mm: Thus, the value chosen for a is 9 mm. 6. Assuming that A = 76 for nominal lug size 2 and, as a result of p 5 60“, W = 1, a2 2 0,7 12 mm = 8,4 mm Maximum safe working load for vessel ends 76 U= = 0,
41、536 42000 - (12 - 1 - 1) Thus, in compliance with figure 6,f = 3,2. Therefore: 3,2 * 10 * 265 1.6 FB = = 53000 .,- and Fk =4699553000/1 = FBf W Result The lugs and shackles and the vessel end may be deemed sufficiently strong for the vessel to hang freely from appropriate lifting gear. NOTE: The maximum safe working load, FB, may be increased by selecting lugs of a different nominal size of a vessel with a thicker end. International Patent Classification B 65 D 088f 12 F 16 B 045/00
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