DIN 51755-1974 Testing of Mineral Oils and Other Combustible Liquids Determination of Flash Point by the Closed Tester according to Abel-Pensky《矿物油及其它可燃液体的检验 按照Abel-Pensky法用闭式试验器测定.pdf

1、DC 665.7 : 662.75 ! 620.1 543.873 DEUTSCHE NORMEN March 1974 - a : i s C 5 E : p a O z o e E -. P s 4 Testing of Mineral Oils and Other Combustible Liquids Determination of Flash Point by the Closed Tester according to Abel-Pensky 51 755 Prufung- von YIinerallen und anderen brennbaren Flssigkeit Bes

2、timmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel nach Abel-Pense For connection with a European standard in course of preparation by the European Committee for Standardization (cm), see Explanations. Dimensions in mm I. RanRe of aDDication The flash point tester developed by Abel-Pensky is used for

3、determining the flash point of petr lewd products and other combustible liquids flashing between 5 OC (inclusive) and 65 oC.(exclu- sive). Within the temperature rage below 5 OC, the test method may analogously be applied, in this case, however, substantially larger precision ranges must be taken in

4、to account than state1 in Section 12. Flash points at higher temperatures (when using the closed cup method) are determined by means of the Pense-Martens tester according to DIN 51758. This Standard does not apply to lacquers and other paints, adhesives and similar mixtures or solutions (e.g. adhesi

5、ve solutions) which are covered by DIN 53213 Part I “festi3 of paints and similar products containing solvents; testing of flash point by closed tester . In the case of pure solvents, the determination in agreement with DIN 53169 “Testing of solvents for coat- ing materials; detemination of density,

6、 refractive index, flash point, acid number, saponifica tion number, boiling characteristic and content of olefines and aromatics“ can be carried out both according to the present Standard and according to DIN 53213 Part 1. 2. Pumose of determination 2.1. Among other characteristics, the flash point

7、 is a criterion of the inflammability of com- bustible liquids by separate ignition, and for that reason offers n reference for judging the dangerousness of those liquids with respect to explosiveness or inflammability. The classifica- tion of combustible liquids in different danger classes for tran

8、sporting and storing purposes is based on their flash points. U o t e : Thus, for example, the order concerning the erection and operation of installations for storing, dispensing and handling cobustible liquide on land (Order concerning Combuetible Liquids (VbF) in the version of 5 June 1970 applie

9、s to substances which are neither solid nor paste-like at 35 OC, which have a vapour pressure of 3 bar (still giren ae 3 kg/cm2 in the Order) or less at 50 OC, and which belong to one of the undermentioned Groups: Group A: Liquids the flash points of which do not exceed 100 OC and which do not posse

10、ss the water-solubility charac. terietics of tho.se of Group B, in danger class I: Liquids having flash pointa below 21 OC, in danger class II: Liquids having flash points between 21 and 55 OC, in danger class III: Liquids having flaeh points above 55 up to 100 OC. roup B: Liquids having flash point

11、a below 21 OC and being water-soluble at a temperature of 15 OC in any desired proportion, or, the combustible liquid components of which are water-soluble at a temperature of I5 OC in any desired proportion. 2.2. In some cases the determination of the flash point enables the detection of admixtures

12、. 3. Definition The flash point is the lowest temperature (referred to a pressure of 1013 mbar (760 Torr) at which the liquid under teat ie vapourized in a closed cup to such an extent that the vapours produced under the conditions specified in this Standard will fom an inflammable mixture of vapour

13、 and air within the cup, which is inflammable by separate ignition. 4. Unit of measure oc 5. Summary of method The closed cup containing the specimen is heated by means of a water bath (a being provided betweenwater bath and cup) the temperature of which is kept a after each rise of temperature by 0

14、.5 B the temperature will be read off and simultaneously a simple automatic device is manually releaeed by which a small ignition (test) flame is admitted through a briefl; opening hole of the lib for a period of 2 seconds,and retired again. This operation is being repeated until an inflammation is

15、observed on the surface of the cups contents. The temperatur of the specimen read off at the moment of the ignitions release represents the uncorrected flas: point. ap containing air Continued on pages 2 to 5 Explanations on page 5 Alleiyverkouf der Normen durch Beuih Verlog GmbH, Barlin 30 und Kln

16、1 DIN 51755 engl. Preisgr. Verir.-Nr:OOl 11.77 COPYRIGHT DIN DEUTSCHES Institut Fur Normung E.V.- EnglishLicensed by Information Handling ServicesPage 2 DIN 51755 6. ADDaratUS 6-1. General_arfaogemeo4-o_i_toe_ilaso_point_4-94e (see igure 1 ) serves for taking up the specimen; it is closed by the cov

17、er The cup (I) according to Figure 2, made of coppeezinc alloy carries the ivoted shutter (3) according to Figure 4, the thermometer 91, and the i- tion device r4) with the control mechanism (5). A container (8) made of copper is arranged within the water bath (6) which semes for heating the specime

18、n contained in cup (I), the container (8) being secured to the water bath (6) by soldering and receiving the Cup (1, which is suspended therein by means of the annular flange (9). mus the CUD (1) and thewater bath (6) are separated by an air gap (container (8) acting a8 an air-bath). The water bath

19、(6) is provided with a filling funnel (71, a thermometer P2 and an outer air mantle (10). The flash point tester is supported by a tripod (14); and its perpendicular positioning incud- ing that of the cup and the specimen is checked by the plump-rale (13). Automatic flash point testers may only be d

20、esignated as Abel-Pensky flash point testers if the dimensions of the cup and cover plus accessories agree with those of the flash point tester according to Figure 1, and if the determination procedure is similar. The readings given by automatic flash point testers must be checked from time to time

21、by the use of liguida of known flash point. In casea of arbitration, only the manually determined flash point is definitive. , tin-plated inside, to Figure 3 which 6:1:_cooer2l_anapiv-:- (see Figures 3 and 4) These are provided with several openings which are so arranged that, depending on the posi-

22、 tion of the pivoted shutter, the openings (apertures) are either closed or opened. The control mechanism (moving apparatus) (5) by which the pivoted shutter is operated within a predetermined period of time, is wound up by means of the knob (11) and released by pushing down the lever (12) by hand.

23、The time between the operation of the releasing lever pivoted shutter shall be 2 8 f. 0.2 S. 6.3.1. While the pivoted shutter ia being moved, the little burner tip of the ignition 8 device (4) (in the case of ignition by means of a wick, including the petroleum container), 10 which is pivoted about

24、a horizontally extend- ing axle, is lowereli to such an extent (see Figures 5 and 6) that the ignition flame extends through the opening of the cover into the test cup while at the same time the apertures in the cover are opened by the movement of the pivoted shutter. The lowest point of the inner e

25、dge of the burner tip shall be at a level 1 mm 2 I mm above the lower surface of the cover (2) when the iani- 7 (?2) and the stop of the movement of the I 6:2:-IE also the thermometer Ti shall be cleaned. Two further flash point values shall be determined in case the first two correcte& (see Sac- ti

26、on 10.2) flash oint values differ by more than 1.0 X before being rounded off. Por this purpose ehe whole flash point tester has to be carefully cleaned and checked taking special care to ascertain whether the cover is in ita correct position, the thermometer PI is Correctly applied, end the burner

27、carrgin the tip moves in the proper way when the automatic ignition device is operated (see &res I, 5, 6 and Section 6.3). If after the examination of the flash point teeter the new datermined values differ also by more than 1.0 K due to new irregular inflammation, the test shall be terminated, beca

28、use the assump- tion is justified that the characteristic of the teated liquid is the cause of irregular inflammati on. at the ignitions release represents the uncorrected flash point& of the tested COPYRIGHT DIN DEUTSCHES Institut Fur Normung E.V.- EnglishLicensed by Information Handling ServicesDP

29、 51755 Page 5 IO. Evaluation 10.1. The flash point is determined by the external atmospheric pressure. As a first approximation, the atmospheric pressure can be allowed for by the following numerical equation: b - 1013 ?pab- 40 where +n is the flash point in OC at a pressure of 1013 mbar % is the fl

30、ash point in OC at a barometer reading b b 10.2. Each measured value should be corrected as follows: a) by considering the value of the inherent b) by referring it to the 11. Pest reDort The test report shall in each case include an allusion at the sane time making reference to this Standard indicat

31、ing for what ignition type (by gas or kerosine) the flash point tester used has been designed. In this Standard the result of the determination always is the average of two corrected values. The average values given in OC shall be munde8 off to 0.5 oc. For rounding of figures, see DIN 1333 Part 2. I

32、rregular inflammation (see Section 9.3.3) shall be reported. 12. Testerror (according to DIN 51848 Part 1) The provisions below apply only to the products listed in this Standard under the heading Range of application. For judging the acceptability of results the following criteria should be used: R

33、epeatability (one operator, one apparatus) The duplicate results submitted by the same operator under same conditions are acceptable and in correspondence with the standard unless they differ by more than the amount given in Table 3. Reproducibility (different operators, different apparatuses) The r

34、esults submitted by each of two laboratories are acceptable and in correspondence with the Standard unless they differ by more than the amount given in Table 3. is the barometer reading in mbar r e a d i n g e r r o r of the thermom- I013 mbarl) (760 Torr) eter TI shown on the official calibration c

35、ertificate of the thermometer, accorbing to Section 10.1. b a r o m e t e r r e a d i n g 5 to65 In the case of flash points below 5 OC (see Section I) be taken into consideration. With flash points of -20 hC, for example, the test errorsare about twice as large. substantially largertest erroremust

36、Emlanations This Standard ha6 been prepared by Sectional Committees E 2 b B and E 2 b C “Test methods for liquid fuels and fuel oil“ of the Advisory Committee on Mineral Oil and Fuel Standardization (FAH) in the Committee for Testing bt katerials (FNM). DIN 51755 is serving a8 a baeis for a European Standard ia course of preparation by the tee for Standardization (CEN). European Commit- 1 For tables for converting from Torr to mbar and from mbar to Torr, see DIN 66038. COPYRIGHT DIN DEUTSCHES Institut Fur Normung E.V.- EnglishLicensed by Information Handling Services