1、July 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 14No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 8
2、1.060.30!$izN“1708743www.din.deDDIN EN 1071-12Advanced technical ceramics Methods of test for ceramic coatings Part 12: Reciprocating wear testEnglish translation of DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07Hochleistungskeramik Verfahren zur Prfung keramischer Schichten Teil 12: Schwingungs-VerschleiprfungEnglische be
3、rsetzung von DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07Cramiques techniques avances Mthodes dessai pour revtements cramiques Partie 12: Essai dusure en va-et-vientTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authorita
4、tive.3107.10 DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, Working Group WG 5 “Ceramic coatings” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). At present a DIN committee does not
5、exist for this standard since the parties concerned have not shown any interest in work on the subject. The Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee) is obliged to publish the standard, however, as the subject falls in its domain. The DIN Standards corresponding to the I
6、nternational Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 1101 DIN EN ISO 1101 ISO 4288 DIN EN ISO 4288 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical tolerancing Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out D
7、IN EN ISO 4288, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1071-12 March 2010 ICS 81.060.30 English Version Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test fo
8、r ceramic coatings - Part 12: Reciprocating wear test Cramiques techniques avances - Mthodes dessai pour revtements cramiques - Partie 12 : Essai dusure en va-et-vient Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prfung keramischer Schichten - Teil 12: Schwingungs-Verschleiprfung This European Standard was
9、approved by CEN on 30 January 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nat
10、ional standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
11、 notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
12、Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All
13、 rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1071-12:2010: EEN 1071-12:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Significance and use .75 Principle 76 Apparatus and m
14、aterials .76.1 Apparatus construction 76.1.1 General 76.1.2 Friction measurement .96.2 Operating environment .97 Preparation of test pieces .97.1 Substrate material and preparation .97.2 Coating deposition . 107.3 Post-coating preparation . 107.4 Cleaning . 118 Test procedure 118.1 Selection of test
15、 conditions . 118.2 Preliminary set-up. 118.3 Wear test 128.4 Evaluation of wear 138.4.1 Preliminary inspection . 138.4.2 Measurement of wear scars . 148.5 Calculation of wear results 169 Repeatability and limits 1610 Test report . 17Annex A (informative) Issues related to dynamic measurements in re
16、ciprocating wear testing 18A.1 Resonant frequencies 18A.2 Frequency response . 18A.3 Phase angle errors 19A.4 Further guidance. 21Annex B (informative) Methods for the determination of coating properties likely to be relevant to coating performance in a reciprocating wear test 22B.1 Relevant propert
17、ies 22B.2 Phase composition and preferred orientation. 22B.3 Residual stress . 22B.4 Hardness 22Annex C (informative) Examples of common wear mechanisms 23Annex D (informative) Determination of volume loss from the pin using profilometry 24Annex E (informative) Determination of wear of coated plate
18、by ball crater technique . 25Bibliography . 28DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07 EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1071-12:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the st
19、atus of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be t
20、he subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 1071, Advanced technical ceramics Methods of test for ceramic coatings, consists of the following 13 parts: Part 1: Determination of coating thickness by contact probe filo
21、meter Part 2: Determination of coating thickness by the crater grinding method Part 3: Determination of adhesion and other mechanical failure modes by a scratch test Part 4: Determination of chemical composition by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) Part 5: Determination of porosity (withdrawn) Par
22、t 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test Part 7: Determination of hardness and Youngs modulus by instrumented indentation (withdrawn) Part 8: Rockwell indentation test for evaluation of adhesion Part 9: Determination of fracture strain Part 10: Determin
23、ation of coating thickness by cross sectioning Part 11: Determination of internal stress by the Stoney formula Part 12: Reciprocating wear test Part 13: Determination of wear rate by the pin-on-disk method Parts 8 and 11 are Technical Specifications. CEN/TS 1071-7:2003 was withdrawn on publication o
24、f EN ISO 14577-4:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
25、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07 EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 4 Introduction Proper evaluation of the wear performance of ceramic
26、coatings is essential to understanding their behaviour and to increasing their use in applications where high performance and predictable life are critical requirements, for example in the aerospace, automotive and biomedical industries. This part of EN 1071 describes a technique for the determinati
27、on of the wear behaviour of a ceramic coating by reciprocating, under load, a flat or spherically ended pin against a flat plate. Depending on the information required, either the plate or pin or both may be coated with the material under test, with the other member of the couple being selected for
28、its relevance to the system under evaluation. Wear is determined by weight loss, by profilometry, by linear measurement or by a combination of these. Coatings may be tested under dry or lubricated conditions. Where suitable instrumentation is available, the test can provide important information abo
29、ut the friction generated in the system. In addition to providing data on the frictional interaction in the system per se, monitoring of the friction can, by detecting changes in the level or trend of the friction force, provide important information about changes occurring during the test, e.g. rem
30、oval or fracture of the coating, changes in wear mechanisms, etc. The test for use with bulk materials reciprocating under non-lubricated conditions is well described in 1. The standard identifies the basic equipment requirements and the test critical parameters for testing ceramic coatings, and pro
31、vides for appropriate operating procedures and measurement protocols to ensure their proper control. In addition, it provides for consistency in the analysis of data and in the treatment of errors. This part of EN 1071 complements parts 6 2 and 13 3, which describe techniques for micro-scale abrasio
32、n wear testing and pin-on-disc wear testing of ceramic coatings respectively. DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07 EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard describes a method for evaluating the wear of ceramic coatings by use of a reciprocating wear test whereby a flat or spherically ended pin is
33、reciprocated, under load, against a flat plate. Depending on the conditions being simulated, either the pin or plate or both may be coated with the material under test, with the other member of the couple being selected for its relevance to the system under evaluation. The method described is consid
34、ered to be not suitable for evaluating fretting wear. 1.2 The method is intended for evaluating coatings with a thickness of more than 1 m, though might also be used for testing thinner coatings. 1.3 The test may be carried out under either dry or lubricated conditions. However, the test is not desi
35、gned for evaluating the properties of lubricants except insofar as they affect the wear behaviour of the materials being tested. Related methods for testing lubricants using reciprocating motion are given in references 4 6. 1.4 Testing a materials couple under a range of loading conditions might pro
36、vide information about the adhesive and/or cohesive strength of the coating, in addition to its wear behaviour. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenc
37、es, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions
38、apply. 3.1 wear track line of contact of pin on plate during reciprocation 3.2 wear scar worn region on the test specimen 3.3 volume wear rate volume wear coefficient specific wear rate volume of material removed from a surface in a sliding distance of 1 m under a normal load of 1 N 3.4 mass wear ra
39、te mass wear coefficient mass of material removed from a surface in a sliding distance of 1 m under a normal load of 1 N DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07 EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 6 3.5 stroke length total distance traversed by the leading or trailing edge of the pin over the surface of the plate between consecutiv
40、e reversals in the direction of motion 3.6 instantaneous coefficient of friction instantaneous value of the friction force divided by the instantaneous value of the applied load NOTE This is often approximated to the instantaneous value of the friction force divided by the applied load. 3.7 cycle av
41、erage coefficient of friction average value of the instantaneous coefficient of friction calculated for a complete cycle of reciprocation NOTE Three possible ways of calculating the cycle average coefficient of friction are: to average the absolute magnitude of the friction, excluding the values tow
42、ards the end of the stroke where the value is affected by the pin stopping, and to divide this by the applied load; to determine the area under the coefficient of friction-horizontal motion curve for a complete stroke and divide this by twice the stroke length see Figure 1; to pass the instantaneous
43、 friction signal through a true analogue r.m.s. to d.c. converter amplifier, the output from which is then data logged at an appropriate sampling rate, which can be quite modest (typically 1 Hz to 10 Hz). Again the average friction signal obtained over a complete cycle should be divided by the appli
44、ed load to obtain the cycle average coefficient of friction. 12-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3-0,4-0,20,00,20,4Key 1 Friction coefficient 2 Horizontal displacement, in millimetres (mm) Figure 1 Coefficient of friction Horizontal displacement loop for reciprocating test with alumina ball rubbing against titanium ni
45、tride coated plate 11 DIN EN 1071-12:2010-07 EN 1071-12:2010 (E) 7 4 Significance and use Reciprocating wear testing can be used to simulate the operating conditions in different sliding contacts of technological significance. In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the use of
46、 wear and friction reducing ceramic coatings for such contacts. This draft standard has been developed to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of the test method for evaluating the potential performance of ceramic coatings in these types of contacts and to provide complementary data to tha
47、t obtained from other wear test methods, e.g. micro-scale abrasion wear testing 2 and pin-on-disk wear testing 3. It should be noted that there are many parameters in sliding contacts that affect the magnitude of friction and wear. The aim of performing any wear test is to simulate, as closely as po
48、ssible, the conditions that occur in the real application. As the deviation between the test conditions and the application conditions becomes larger, the test results will become less relevant. To add confidence to the test results, the appearance of the worn surfaces of the test samples should be
49、compared with those of the worn surfaces of actual components to ensure that similar wear mechanisms have taken place in both cases. NOTE Although it is relatively easy in a reciprocating wear test to reproduce the contact stress experienced in a specific tribological contact, it might be necessary to use additional heating to ensure that the contact temperature approximates to that of the contact being
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