DIN EN 12195-1-2011 Load restraining on road vehicles - Safety - Part 1 Calculation of securing forces German version EN 12195-1 2010《道路车辆上的装载物固定装置 安全 第1部分 捆绑力的计算 德文版本EN 12195-1-20.pdf

1、 One or more corrigenda exist with corrections to this document. These can be searched online and ordered free of charge at www.beuth.de June 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut f

2、r Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 55.180.99!$r:“1799623www.din.deDDIN EN 12195-1Load restraining on road vehicles Safety Part 1: Calculation of securing forcesEnglish translation of DIN EN 12195-1:2

3、011-06Ladungssicherung auf Straenfahrzeugen Sicherheit Teil 1: Berechnung von Sicherungskrften,Deutsche Fassung EN 12195-1:2010Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06Dispositifs darrimage des charges bord des vhicules routiers Scurit Partie 1: Calcul des forces de retenueTraduction anglaise

4、de DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06SupersedesDIN EN 12195-1:2004-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.05.11 52DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Tec

5、hnical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories Safety” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Textil und Textilmaschinen (Textiles and Textile Machinery Standards Committee), Working Committee N

6、A 106-01-03 AA Chemiefaser-hebebnder und Zurrgurte. According to section 22, paragraph 1 of the German Traffic Regulations ( 22 StVO), the load, equipment for securing the load and loading devices are to be stowed and secured so that they cannot slide, fall over, roll forwards and backwards even dur

7、ing emergency braking or sudden evasive action, in compliance with the “generally accepted technical rules”. The previous edition of the European Standard, EN 12195-1:2003 which is largely based on VDI 2700 is considered in Germany to be one of the “generally accepted technical rules” in accordance

8、with section 22 of the German Traffic Regulations ( 22 StVO). However, in the current revision of the European Standard, which Germany had opposed, requirements regarding safety factors have been significantly reduced. The Working Committee would like to point out the fact that the securing of loads

9、 by those legally responsible and the official control of secured loads by the responsible agencies may be open to different interpretation. It is expected that those involved in transit traffic will refer to the new EN 12195-1:2010 in terms of complying with load restraint regulations, while those

10、involved in national traffic will refer to the technical rules that are generally accepted in Germany (at present VDI 2700 in conjunction with DIN EN 12195-1:2004), in line with established case law in Germany. In case of damage German courts and insurers are obliged to use the generally accepted te

11、chnical rules (at present the principles for evaluating the correct securing of loads as laid down in VDI 2700 and EN 12195-1:2003) as a basis for determining what constitutes the correct securing of loads. It is currently unclear to what extent the new EN 12195-1:2010 will be used as a technical be

12、nchmark for evaluating correct load securing. To maintain the level of safety of secured loads that is considered in Germany as being acceptable, further information for the proper application of DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 is given below: 1) A higher safety level than that described in DIN EN 12195-1:20

13、11-06 can be maintained at any time. 2) The German national provisions, technical rules and regulations, are to be observed, in which case a higher safety level can certainly be assumed. The Working Committee has the following additional remarks regarding load restraint requirements: The European St

14、andard EN 12195-1:2010 a) is essentially not equivalent to the safety level normally expected in Germany; b) no longer includes the k-factor. Therefore, the reduction of the tension force on the side opposite the tensioning device due to loss of friction is not adequately taken into consideration; c

15、) no longer contains uniform requirements regarding tilting (different factors and acceleration coefficients for different lashing devices); d) no longer uses dynamic friction as a basis for calculation, which would take the dynamics of the transport process into consideration; instead, friction val

16、ues without any verified reference are used; 2 DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 e) specifies a new conversion factor fwhich only takes the dynamics of direct lashing into consideration; f) allows for proof of correct load restraint by means of a static inclination test that does not take dynamic influences in

17、to consideration; g) uses different safety factors (fs= 1,1 and fs= 1,25) for different influencing factors (depending on the direction), which do not provide the safety required up until now. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 12195-1:2004-04 as follows: a) the title of the standard has b

18、een changed; b) the Introduction has been revised; c) normative references have been updated; d) further terms and definitions have been included in Clause 3: Lashing, blocking, securing, bracing, unstable load, load carrier and locking; e) the k-factor has been deleted; f) the tilting factor has be

19、en altered; g) safety factors fs= 1,1 and fs= 1,25 and conversion factor f= 0,75 for friction have been introduced; h) all tables have been revised; i) the equations have been revised; j) the numbering of the equations has been corrected; k) the figures have been revised and new figures have been ad

20、ded; l) Clause 7 “Cargo securing testing” has been added; m) the status of Annex B “Friction” has been changed from informative to normative and friction factors have been revised; n) test methods for the determination of the friction factor (Annex B) and a new informative Annex D relating to the ve

21、rification of securing arrangements have been included; o) static and dynamic friction factors have been deleted and friction factors in accordance with Annex B have been included; p) the former Annex D is now Annex C “Load securing protocol”; q) Annex E (informative) “Documentation of practical tes

22、ts” has been added; r) a Bibliography has been added. Previous editions DIN EN 12195-1: 2004-04 3 DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12195-1 November 2010 ICS 55.180.99 Supersedes EN 12195-1:2003English Version Load restrain

23、ing on road vehicles - Safety - Part 1: Calculation of securing forces Dispositifs darrimage des charges bord des vhicules routiers - Scurit - Partie 1: Calcul des forces de retenueLadungssicherung auf Straenfahrzeugen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Berechnung von Sicherungskrften This European Standard was

24、 approved by CEN on 12 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nation

25、al standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and no

26、tified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux

27、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All ri

28、ghts of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12195-1:2010: EEN 12195-1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction . 51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations. 63.1 General terms and defi

29、nitions 63.2 Terms and definition of calculation parameters . 83.3 Symbols, units and terms . 104 Acceleration coefficients 114.1 General 114.2 Load on load carriers during road transport 114.3 Load on load carriers during rail transport . 124.4 Load on load carriers during sea transport 125 Methods

30、 of calculation 135.1 General 135.2 Stability of unsecured load . 145.3 Blocking 155.4 Frictional lashing . 165.4.1 General 165.4.2 Avoiding sliding . 165.4.3 Avoiding tilting . 175.5 Direct lashing . 205.5.1 General 205.5.2 Slope lashing in longitudinal or transverse direction 205.5.3 Diagonal lash

31、ing 215.5.4 Loop lashing . 245.5.5 Spring lashing 276 Parameters . 286.1 Friction factor . 286.2 Transmission of force during frictional lashing . 297 Cargo securing testing 298 Instruction for use . 298.1 General 298.2 Marking . 30Annex A (informative) Examples for the calculation of lashing forces

32、 . 31Annex B (normative) Friction . 38B.1 Practical methods for the determination of the friction factor 38B.1.1 General 38B.1.2 Inclination test 38B.1.3 Pulling test 38B.2 Friction factors of some usual goods and surfaces . 39Annex C (informative) Load securing protocol 41Annex D (normative) Practi

33、cal tests for determination of the efficiency of cargo securing arrangements 42D.1 Dynamic driving test . 42DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 3 D.2 Inclination test . 42D.2.1 Description of test . 42D.2.2 Example 44D.2.3 Theoretical background 45Annex E (informative) Documentation of practi

34、cal tests 47Bibliography 48DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12195-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given

35、 the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the su

36、bject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12195-1:2003. The main changes compared to the previous edition of EN 12195-1 are: a) title changed; b) k-factor deleted; c) tilting factor altered; d)

37、safety factors fS= 1,1 and fS= 1,25 and conversion factor f= 0,75 for friction introduced; e) Annex B on friction factors made normative and friction factors revised; f) test methods for the determination of the friction and verification of securing arrangements included; g) static and dynamic frict

38、ion factors deleted and friction factors in accordance with Annex B introduced. EN 12195, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety, consists of the following parts: Load restraining on road vehicles Safety Part 1: Calculation of securing forces Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Saf

39、ety Part 2: Web lashing made from man-made fibres Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 3: Lashing chains Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 4: Lashing steel wire ropes According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the

40、 following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,

41、 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 5 Introduction This part of EN 12195 has been prepared to provide a means of conforming with the essential safety requirements to calculate securing forces for load restraint assemblies

42、 to be used in the Common European Market and thus enabling unrestricted transport of cargo. This part of EN 12195 contributes to the harmonization of the calculation of load securing on road vehicles by giving the different procedures and equations of load securing. Blocking and lashing procedures

43、and appropriate combinations are described for load securing. The equations used are based on relevant scientific and, in particular, on mechanical laws and practical experience. For this purpose, a suitable vehicle with appropriate assemblies for blocking, bracing and securing should be used to ens

44、ure safe load transportation. Transportation safety should be guaranteed by the dimensioning of load securing according to this European Standard. The extent to which the hazards acting on the load during transport and resulting from the forces of load are addressed is given in the scope of this Eur

45、opean Standard. In addition, load restraint assemblies for securing of loads on vehicles with respect to their securing and load bearing ability, which are not covered by this European Standard, should conform to the other parts of this standard and to EN ISO 12100-2. DIN EN 12195-1:2011-06 EN 12195

46、-1:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to the design of securing methods (blocking, lashing, and combinations) for securing of loads for surface transport by road vehicles or parts of them (lorries, trailers, containers and swap bodies), including their transport on vessels or by

47、 rail and/or combinations thereof. Hump shunting with acceleration over 1 g during railway transport is excluded, as it is not foreseen in combined transport. (Web lashings see EN 12195-2, lashing chains see EN 12195-3, lashing steel wire ropes see EN 12195-4). This European Standard does not apply

48、for vehicles with a total weight equal to or lower than 3 500 kg. NOTE Lighter vehicles can have driving characteristics, which give higher values of acceleration on the road. For dimensioning of load securing a distinction is made between stable loads and loads liable to tilting. Furthermore, the a

49、cceleration coefficients for surface transport are specified. For over top lashing the force loss in the tension force of the lashing at the outer edges between load and lashing is taken into account. The securing forces to be chosen for calculation in this EN 12195-1 are static forces produced by blocking or tensioning of lashings and dynamic forces, which act on the lashing as a reaction of the loa