DIN EN 12198-3-2008 Safety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 3 Reduction of radiation by attenuation or screening(.pdf

1、November 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.110; 13.280!$Rx#“1

2、478500www.din.deDDIN EN 12198-3Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted bymachinery Amendment A1:2008)English version of DIN EN 12198-3:2008-11Sicherheit von Maschinen Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung nderung A

3、1:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN 12198-3:2008-11SupersedesDIN EN 12198-3:2003-04www.beuth.deTeil 3: Verminderung der Strahlung durch Abschwchung oder Abschirmung(enthltPart 3: Reduction of radiation by attenuation or screening (includesDocument comprises 15 pagesDIN EN 12198-3:2008-11 2 Start of vali

4、dity This standard takes effect on 1 November 2008. DIN EN 12198-3:2003-04 may be used in parallel until 28 December 2009. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements within the meaning of the Gerte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG) (German Equipment and Consumer Goods Safety Law

5、) and in connection with European legislation (EC Machinery Directive), which has been implemented by national legislation. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of Machinery” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in connection with the amended EC Machinery Directive. The r

6、esponsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Sicherheitstechnische Grundstze (Safety Design Principles Standards Committee), Section 1 Sicherheitstechnik. This standard concretizes the basic requirements set out in Annex I of the EU Machinery Directive 98/37/EC (valid u

7、ntil 28 December 2009) and the new EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC which becomes applicable on 29 December 2009 relating to machinery to be placed on the EEA market, with the intent of simplifying the means of proving conformity with such requirements. Once this standard is designated a harmonized

8、 standard in the Official Journal of the European Union, a manufacturer applying this standard may assume compliance with the requirements of the Machinery Directive (the so-called “presumption of conformity”). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 12198-3:2003-04 as follows: a) The French ti

9、tle (main element) has been corrected. b) Inclusion of Annex ZB (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC”. Previous editions DIN EN 12198-3: 2003-04 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12198-3:2002+A1 August

10、 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.280 Supersedes EN 12198-3:2002 English Version Safety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 3: Reduction of radiation by attenuation or screening Scurit des machines - Estimation et rduction des risques engendrs par l

11、es rayonnements mis par les machines - Partie 3: Rduction du rayonnement par attnuation ou par crans Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Teil 3: Verminderung der Strahlung durch Abschwchung oder Abschirmung This European Standar

12、d was approved by CEN on 16 October 2002 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 18 July 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-t

13、o-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation und

14、er the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,

15、 Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management

16、Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12198-3:2002+A1:2008: EEN 12198-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and d

17、efinitions .5 4 Classification of radiation.5 5 Procedure for reducing radiation emission levels by design .6 6 Strategy for design of shield 6 6.1 Design target6 6.2 Characterization of all the radiation sources7 6.3 Radiation fields, beam geometry access and enclosure.7 6.4 Review available of att

18、enuating material 8 6.5 Assess of environmental conditions.9 6.6 Design requirements .9 6.7 Manufacture prototype11 6.8 Determination of the effectiveness of the shielding 11 6.9 Compare with desired levels set in step 1 and if necessary, modify design 11 6.10 Prepare documentation for users 11 Anne

19、x ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC“.12 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.13 Page DIN EN 12198-3:2008-11 2EN 12198-3:2002+A

20、1:2008 (E) Foreword This document (EN 12198-3:2002+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by e

21、ndorsement, at the latest by February 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document supersedes EN 12198-3:2002. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-07-18. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendme

22、nt is indicated in the text by tags !“. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). !For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB,

23、which are integral parts of this document.“ This European Standard deals with the essential requirement “Radiation“ (see EN 292-2:1991, annex A, paragraph 1.5.10). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implemen

24、t this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and

25、 the United Kingdom. DIN EN 12198-3:2008-11 3EN 12198-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) Introduction Machinery supplied by electrical power or containing radiation sources may emit radiation or generate electric and/or magnetic fields. The radiation emissions will vary in frequency and magnitude. It does not deal

26、with other strategies concerning reduction of radiation risk by substitution with a smaller source, increasing the distance or reducing exposure time. This document is a type B standard as stated in EN 1070. The provisions of this document may be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE F

27、or machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. 1 Scope The purpose of this European standard is to

28、 provide means to enable manufacturers of machinery concerned by a radiation hazard to design and manufacture efficient safeguards against radiations. Specific technical details of the design of shields for the different types of radiation and machines will be provided in other standards. This Europ

29、ean standard applies to machinery as defined by EN 292. Part 1 of this standard contains the general principles of risk assessment of radiation emission by machinery. Details of the measurement of the radiation emission are given in Part 2 of this standard. This standard deals with a design strategy

30、 for reducing the radiation flux by attenuation or screening. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed here

31、after. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 292-1:199

32、1, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery Safety distance to prevent d

33、anger zones being reached by the upper limbs. EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery Guards General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards. EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery Principles for risk assessment. EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery Terminology. DIN EN 12198-3:2008

34、-11 4EN 12198-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery Interlocking devices associated with guards Principles for design and selection. EN 12198-1:2000, Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 1: General principles. EN 12198-

35、2:2002, Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 2: Radiation emission measurement procedure. IEC 60050-111:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 111: Physics and chemistry. IEC 60050-121:1998, International Electrotechn

36、ical Vocabulary Part 121: Electromagnetism. IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility. IEC 60050-881:1983, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 881: Radiology and radiological physics. 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose

37、s of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998 and the following apply. Additional definitions specifically needed for this standard are contained in EN 12198-1:2000. The terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-111:1996, IEC 60050-121:1998, IEC 60050-161:1990 and IEC 6

38、0050-881:1983, are also applicable. 3.1 shield (general definition) component designed to reduce, select or absorb radiations. The purpose of the component may be for radiation protection or in order to select particular radiations NOTE Shields are also know as attenuators, screens or filters. 3.2 p

39、rotection shield shield used for the radiation protection of people and/or equipment 3.3 selective shield shield used to filter the radiations, selecting their kind or their energy 3.4 shadow shield shield arranged in such a way that the radiation source is not totally enclosed, but which prevents f

40、ree passage of radiation in certain directions 4 Classification of radiation Classification of radiation is given in clause 4 of EN 12198-1:2000. Machinery shall be so designed and constructed that any emission of radiation is limited to the extent necessary for its operation and that the effects on

41、 exposed persons are non-existent or reduced to non-dangerous proportions (See EN 292-2:1991, annex A). DIN EN 12198-3:2008-11 5EN 12198-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 5 Procedure for reducing radiation emission levels by design The procedure for reducing radiation by attenuation or screening shall include the

42、following steps: 1) Specify the design target according to 7.2 of EN 12198-1:2000, by defining a radiation emission level not to be exceeded, lowest possible. 2) Characterize all the radiation sources (see clause 4 and 6.2 of EN 12198-1:2000). 3) Define intended directions, intensity of radiation fi

43、elds and access to the irradiated area. 4) Review attenuating or screening materials available. 5) Assess environmental conditions and their effects on the source and shields. 6) Make design decisions. 7) Manufacture prototype. 8) Measure in accordance with EN 12198-2 and clause 6 of EN 12198-1:2000

44、. 9) Compare with desired levels set in step 1 (see clause 7 of EN 12198-1:2000). 10) If necessary, modify design and repeat steps 6 to 10. 11) Prepare documentation for users. These steps will be described in detail in clause 6. 6 Strategy for design of shield 6.1 Design target The design target de

45、fined in 5.1) is set by the manufacturer according to clause 7 of EN 12198-1:2000. 6.1.1 It is essential that manufacturers take the risk from radiation into account when they design machines. This can be achieved by assigning desired maximum emission levels of functional radiation emissions and und

46、esirable radiation emissions, according to 7.2 of EN 12198-1:2000. 6.1.2 Numerical values for maximum emission levels may be set by other bodies in documents such as national legislation or international recommendations. Where there is no legislation or recommendation then the manufacturer shall dec

47、ide what safety criteria the design has to satisfy. These criteria may differ during different phases of a machines use (see 3.11 and 5.1 of EN 292-1:1991), (see also EN 1050). 6.1.3 The manufacturer shall also consider the possible alteration of radiation emissions caused by changes in environmenta

48、l operating conditions or in duty cycles of the machine. DIN EN 12198-3:2008-11 6EN 12198-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 6.2 Characterization of all the radiation sources The following points shall be taken into consideration: number of sources; radiation characteristics: spectrum, intensity etc. (see clause 4

49、of EN 12198-1:2000); construction characteristics of each source; geometry (point, linear, cylindrical, spherical.) including dimensions; open or enclosed radiation sources; radiation generator (removal of electrical power will terminate radiation emission); physical state: (solid, liquid, gas, plasma.); chemical composition (s). Special care shall be taken: when different types of radiation are emitted by the same source; when the source manufacturer has defined a functional life time or safe working life