DIN EN 1371-1-2012 Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings German version EN 1371-1 2011《铸造 渗液探伤检验 第1部分 砂型铸件 重力金属铸件 低压金属铸件》.pdf

1、February 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I

2、CS 77.140.80; 77.150.99!$yZe“1865566www.din.deDDIN EN 1371-1Founding Liquid penetrant testing Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castingsEnglish translation of DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02Gieereiwesen Eindringprfung Teil 1: Sand-, Schwerkraftkokillen- und NiederdruckkokillengussstckeEnglische b

3、ersetzung von DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02Fonderie Contrle par ressuage Partie 1: Pices moules en sable, en coquille, par gravit et basse pressionTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02SupersedesDIN EN 1371-1:1997-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original sha

4、ll be considered authoritative.2801.12 DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the

5、Normenausschuss Gieereiwesen (Foundry Practice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 036-00-03 AA Prfverfahren fr Gusswerkstoffe. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 1371-1:1997-10 as follows: a) section thickness types have been deleted from Subclause 5.3.2 and from the figures in Ann

6、ex E; b) in Clause 6, NOTE 2 has been deleted; c) the former Table 2 is now Table 1; d) the former Table 3 is now Table 2 and includes two new severity levels; e) the former Table 4 is now Table 3; f) a new Annex A has been added giving the conversion from the severity levels specified in EN 1371-1:

7、1997, Table 3, to the severity levels specified in Table 2 of the present version; g) the former Table 1 is now Annex B; h) the former Figure B.5 has been modified and is now Figure C.5; i) the German term Fehler has been replaced by Ungnzen (discontinuities) throughout the standard. Previous editio

8、ns DIN EN 1371-1: 1997-10 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1371-1 November 2011 ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Supersedes EN 1371-1:1997English Version Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings Fonderie - Contrle par ressuage - Partie

9、 1: Pices moules en sable, en coquille, par gravit et basse pression Gieereiwesen - Eindringprfung - Teil 1: Sand-, Schwerkraftkokillen- und Niederdruckkokillengussstcke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 October 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regul

10、ations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN membe

11、r. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CE

12、N members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,

13、Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nationa

14、l Members. Ref. No. EN 1371-1:2011: EEN 1371-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Conditions for liquid penetrant testing .54 Method of testing .54.1 Operating mode .54.2 Qualification of the operators .64.3 Surface preparation .64.4 Conditions of te

15、sting .65 Acceptance criteria 65.1 Indications of discontinuities .65.2 Definition of liquid penetrant indications 75.3 Severity levels 76 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results .87 Retesting .88 Post-examination cleaning procedures 89 Test report 8Annex A (normative) Conver

16、sion of severity levels of linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications . 11Annex B (informative) Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications . 12Annex C (informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications designated SP 13Annex D (informative) Reference

17、figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP . 16Annex E (informative) Reference figures Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP . 18Annex F (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant test report . 22Annex G (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard

18、 and the previous edition 25Bibliography . 26DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1371-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nat

19、ional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent righ

20、ts. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1371-1:1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 11 “Surface inspection“ to revise the following standard: EN 1371-1, Found

21、ing Liquid penetrant testing Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings This is one of two European Standards for liquid penetrant testing for castings. The other standard is: EN 1371-2, Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 2: Investment castings Annex G provides details of signifi

22、cant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republi

23、c, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 4 Introductio

24、n This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant testing given in EN 571-1 for the additional requirements for castings. Liquid penetrant testing as well as any other non-destructive examination method is part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of a cas

25、ting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced in conventional sand moulds, by gravity and low-pressure di

26、e casting, except for investment castings and high-pressure die castings. This European Standard applies to all cast metals, except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for

27、 the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 473, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN 57

28、1-1, Non destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles EN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions (ISO 3059:2001) 3 Conditions for liquid penetrant testing The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant testing is to b

29、e performed shall be clearly defined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of ordering. The methods detailed in this standard shall only apply to the agreed surfaces of castings and the percentage or number of castings to be checked. For each agreed area of the casting

30、to be inspected, the following shall be indicated: type of discontinuity; severity level. This information enables the manufacturer to assess the additional testing and operations involved. Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant testing selected and surface condition. The

31、refore the liquid penetrants used and the method agreed shall fit to detect the minimum required severity level. The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (see Table 1 and Table 2). The conversion from the severity levels specified in EN

32、 1371-1:1997, Table 3 1, to the severity levels specified in Table 2 of the present edition is given in Table A.1. 4 Method of testing 4.1 Operating mode Testing shall be carried out as described in EN 571-1. The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall be checked in accordance with specific

33、ations to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 6 4.2 Qualification of the operators Unless otherwise agreed, testing shall be performed by personnel, qualified in accordance with EN 473 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be e

34、quivalent. 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean, free from rust, sand, scale, moulding and mould coating residues, oil, grease, paint or any other contaminant which can interfere with a correct testing. Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing,

35、 except for sand moulded castings. If shot blasting is necessary, it shall be as light as possible, in order to avoid sealing or closing up possible discontinuities. If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in o

36、rder to enable detection of discontinuities. The chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters such as concentration, temperature, immersion time neutralizing and rinsing, if applicable, shall be recorded. To detect the smallest indication to be considered, the surface finish shall b

37、e in accordance with Table 3, unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering. NOTE It is recommended that the assessment of surface finish is carried out using a visual cast-surface roughness comparator, see EN 1370. 4.4 Conditions of testing The testing shall be carried out with the naked eye o

38、r at a maximum magnification of 3 and viewing conditions in conformity with EN ISO 3059. 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1 Indications of discontinuities 5.1.1 General The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered), aligned or linear. Although liquid penetrant testing cannot gen

39、erally be used to determine the size of detected discontinuities, it allows discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of the indication. In the following clauses: L indicates length; W indicates width; P indicates liquid penetrant; SP indicates non-linear isolated indication; CP

40、indicates non-linear clustered indication; AP indicates aligned indication; LP indicates linear indication. NOTE Based on the principle of the test method, the operator evaluates the size of the indications, not the real size of discontinuities. DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 7 5.1.2 Crite

41、ria The physical discontinuities shall give either a non-linear, linear or aligned liquid penetrant testing indication. The various types of penetrant indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A, B, C, etc.) shown in Annex B (informative). 5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant indications a) Li

42、near indication (LP). An indication with a largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension (i.e. L 3 W); b) Non-linear indication. An indication with a largest dimension less than three times its smallest dimension (i.e. L 50 mm LP 001 AP 001 LP 001 AP 001 LP 001 AP 001 LP 001 AP 001 LP

43、 01 AP 01 LP 01 AP 01 LP 01 AP 01 LP 01 AP 01 LP 1 AP 1 LP 1 AP 1 LP 2 AP 2 LP 2 AP 2 LP 1 AP 1 LP 3 AP 3 LP 3 AP 3 LP 2 AP 2 LP 1 AP 1 LP 4 AP 4 LP 4 AP 4 LP 3 AP 3 LP 2 AP 2 LP 5 AP 5 LP 5 AP 5 LP 4 AP 4 LP 3 AP 3 LP 6 AP 6 LP 5AP 5 LP 4 AP 4 LP 7 AP 7 LP 5AP 5 NOTE t indicates section thickness.

44、DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 12 Annex B (informative) Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications Table B.1 Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications Nature of discontinuities Symbol Types of liquid penetrant i

45、ndications non-linear linear aligned isolated SP clustered CP LP APGas porosity A X X X Sand and/or slag inclusions (other than alumina) B X X X Shrinkage C X X X X Cracks D Hot tears E X X Inserts F X X X Laps and cold shuts H X X Presence of alumina aJ X X Graphite flotationbK No image, but “backg

46、round“ indications aFor non-ferrous alloys only.bFor cast iron only. DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 13 Annex C (informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications designated SP All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and should be used at a scale of 1:1.

47、 These reference figures are valid for all cast alloys, except cast aluminium and magnesium alloys. Figure C.1 Severity level SP 1 DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 14 Figure C.2 Severity level SP 2 Figure C.3 Severity level SP 3 DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 15 Figure C.4 Severity

48、 level SP 4 Figure C.5 Severity level SP 5 DIN EN 1371-1:2012-02 EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 16 Annex D (informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and should be used at a scale of 1:1. These reference figures are valid for aluminium and magnesium cast alloys. Figure D.1 Severity level SP 1 CP 1 DIN EN 1371-1