1、January 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 13.110; 13.180!$y+H“1860837www.din.deDDIN EN 13861Safety of machinery Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the design ofmachineryEnglish translation of DIN EN 13861:2012-01Sicherheit von Maschinen Leitfaden fr die Anwendung von Ergonomie-Normen bei der Gestaltung von MaschinenEn
3、glische bersetzung von DIN EN 13861:2012-01Scurit des machines Guide pour lapplication des normes relatives lergonomie dans la conception desmachinesTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 13861:2012-01SupersedesDIN EN 13861:2003-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language orig
4、inal shall be considered authoritative.3501.12 DIN EN 13861:2012-01 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation were the
5、Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee) and the Normenausschuss Maschinenbau (Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee), Joint Working Committee NA 023-00-01 GA Grundstze der Ergonomie. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document a
6、re as follows: ISO 8201 DIN 33404-3 (modified) ISO 8995-1 DIN EN 12464-1 (modified) ISO 11064-3 DIN EN ISO 11064-3 ISO/TS 14415 DIN-Fachbericht ISO/TS 14415 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 13861:2003-04 as follows: a) the standard has been brought in line with DIN EN ISO 12100; b) norma
7、tive references have been updated; c) Table A.1 relating to the relation between hazards as described in DIN EN ISO 12100 and applicable B-standards related to ergonomics has been updated; d) Annex B “Checklist for listing the limits of the machinery” has been revised on the basis of DIN EN ISO 1210
8、0; e) the “External preconditions” in Annex B have been revised on the basis of DIN EN ISO 12 100; f) Annex D “List of ergonomic standards applicable to the design of machinery safety standards” has been updated. Previous editions DIN EN 13861: 2003-04 DIN EN 13861:2012-01 3 National Annex NA (infor
9、mative) Bibliography DIN 33404-3, Danger signals for workplaces Auditory danger signals Unified emergency signal Technical requirements of safety, testing DIN EN 12464-1, Light and lighting Lighting of work places Part 1: Indoor work places DIN EN ISO 11064-3, Ergonomic design of control centres Par
10、t 3: Control room layout DIN-Fachbericht ISO/TS 14415, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Application of International Standards to people with special requirements DIN EN 13861:2012-01 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13861 October 2011 ICS
11、13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 13861:2002English Version Safety of machinery - Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery Scurit des machines - Guide pour lapplication des normes relatives lergonomie dans la conception des machines Sicherheit von Maschinen - Leitfa
12、den fr die Anwendung von Ergonomie-Normen bei der Gestaltung von MaschinenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nation
13、al standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A versi
14、on in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cz
15、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EU
16、ROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13861:2011: EEN 13861:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .
17、 41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions . 54 Application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery 64.1 Introduction 64.2 Process for guidance to the appropriate ergonomics standards . 64.2.1 General 64.2.2 Step 1: Hazard analysis and risk estimation . 64.2.3 Step 2: Inve
18、stigation of applicability of standards . 74.2.4 Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomics standards 74.2.5 Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards 84.2.6 Step 5: Verification 85 Information for use 10Annex A (normative) Relation between hazards as described in EN ISO 1210
19、0 and applicable B-standards related to ergonomics . 11Annex B (informative) Checklist for listing the limits of the machinery (step 1) 21B.1 General 21B.2 External preconditions 22B.2.1 User limits . 22B.2.2 Space limits 23B.2.3 Time limits 23B.2.4 Environmental conditions (of the intended work sit
20、es, NOT related to the machinery design) . 23B.3 Work tasks (man/machine interface) . 23B.3.1 Intended and expected use . 23B.3.2 Expected use of personal protective equipment 24B.3.3 Foreseeable misuse in terms of ergonomics (EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.24) 24Annex C (informative) Additional requirements
21、for C-type standardization . 25C.1 General 25C.2 To Clause 1 “Scope” . 25C.3 To 4.2.3, “Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards” . 25C.4 To 4.2.4,“Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomics standards” 25C.5 To 4.2.5, “Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards” 25C
22、.6 To 4.2.6, “Step 5: Verification” . 25C.7 Requirements for residual risks . 26Annex D (informative) List of ergonomics standards applicable to the design of machinery safety standards 27Bibliography 44DIN EN 13861:2012-01 EN 13861:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13861:2011) has been prepared
23、 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be wi
24、thdrawn at the latest by April 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13861:2002. This docu
25、ment is intended to provide guidance for standardisers and manufacturers seeking to deal with the ergonomic requirements defined in EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.2.8, 6.3.2 and 5.3.2. During the development of this document the Technical Committee has referred to the recommendations made within CEN/CENELEC G
26、uide 6 to address the specific needs of older persons and persons with disabilities. Annex A is normative; Annexes B, C and D are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stand
27、ard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
28、Kingdom. DIN EN 13861:2012-01 EN 13861:2011 (E) 4 Introduction The designer of machinery is under an obligation to assess the risks during all phases of the life cycle of the machinery (see EN ISO 12100:2010, Clause 4). This includes knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents, accidents
29、and harm. This European Standard elaborates EN ISO 12100:2010, Annex B as far as ergonomics are concerned. This standard refers to European and International ergonomics Standards in the various relevant fields. The standards for ergonomic design of machinery, as referred to in this document, can hel
30、p to avoid or reduce numerous hazards and risks, as assessed at the design stage, whilst considering the intended use, the expected use and the foreseeable misuse of the machinery. DIN EN 13861:2012-01 EN 13861:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard provides a methodology to achieve a coherent ap
31、plication of various ergonomics standards for the design of machinery. This standard presents a step model calling upon specific standards. To this end, Annex A shows a reference table with relation between hazards as described in EN ISO 12100:2010 and applicable B-standards related to ergonomics. T
32、his European Standard can only be used in combination with other relevant ergonomics standards. This European Standard provides guidance where no relevant or suitable ergonomics clauses in C-type standards are available. This European Standard may also be used for incorporating ergonomics in the dra
33、fting of C-type standards (see Annex C for further information). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
34、nt (including amendments) applies. EN 614-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles EN 614-2, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 2: Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery
35、 General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) CEN Guide 414:2004, Safety of machinery Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and t
36、he following apply: 3.1 ergonomics human factors scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall sys
37、tem performance (IEA1), 2000) NOTE Adapted from prEN ISO 26800:2011. 3.2 machinery machine assembly, fitted with or intended to be fitted with a drive system consisting of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, and which are joined together for a specific application 1) Internation
38、al Ergonomics Association. DIN EN 13861:2012-01 EN 13861:2011 (E) 6 NOTE 1 The term “machinery“ also covers an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole. NOTE 2 EN ISO 12100:2010, Annex A provides a general sc
39、hematic representation of a machine. EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.1 3.3 operator person or persons installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or moving machinery Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, Annex I, 1.1.1 4 Application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery 4.1 Introd
40、uction This standard provides a step-by-step approach for the application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery. Users of this standard should select and use a C-type standard for that particular machine. For issues related to ergonomics the described step model may be used as guidance
41、through the process of selecting the appropriate B-type ergonomics standards, whilst carrying out a risk assessment according to EN ISO 12100. 4.2 Process for guidance to the appropriate ergonomics standards 4.2.1 General The guidance process is based on the general procedures for dealing with safet
42、y clauses. EN ISO 12100 provides a description of basic hazards, describes intrinsic design measures, and gives a list of examples for hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events that occur when using machinery. In order to meet the essential health and safety requirements, the machinery sha
43、ll be designed in accordance with EN 614-1 and EN 614-2. The following step model gives a methodology to achieve a coherent application of various ergonomics standards (see Figure 1). 4.2.2 Step 1: Hazard analysis and risk estimation Specify the limits of the machine with respect to ergonomics. Iden
44、tify the hazards present at the machine during all modes of operation and at each stage in life of the machine by following the guidance in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4. Ergonomic aspects of machinery can only be assessed, evaluated and verified when all intended interchangeable equipment of the machinery
45、 are known. Ergonomics requirements are necessary when considering the operator and the exposed persons. Specifying the limits of the machinery during the life cycle phases as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.3, involves the following ergonomics aspects: DIN EN 13861:2012-01 EN 13861:2011 (E) 7 Tab
46、le 1 Ergonomic aspects for specifying the limits of the machinery External preconditions (characteristics and restrictions) Work tasks (man/machine interface) Use limits (user groups) Intended and expected types of jobs Space limits Expected use of personal protective equipment Time limits duration
47、frequency Foreseeable misuse Environmental conditions climate noise, lighting vibration dust, fume or other nuisances Annex B provides a checklist for listing the limits of the machinery. 4.2.3 Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards Specify if a specific C-type standard exists. Check in
48、 the relevant C-type standard if the hazards generated by neglecting ergonomics principles and related risks are dealt with. Check which B-type standards may be used instead of or in addition to the relevant C-type standard. If a relevant C-type standard is found, this should be followed first. Where appropriate, these C-type standards
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