1、November 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 16No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 21.160!%*,r“2070979www.din.deDDIN EN 13906-1Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design Part 1: Compression springs;English version EN 13906-1:2013,English translation of DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11Zylindrische Schraubenfedern aus runden Drhten und Stben Berechnung
3、und Konstruktion Teil 1: Druckfedern;Englische Fassung EN 13906-1:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11Ressorts hlicodaux cylindriques fabriqus partir de fils ronds et de barres Calcul et conception Partie 1: Ressorts de compression;Version anglaise EN 13906-1:2013,Traduction anglaise
4、 de DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11SupersedesDIN EN 13906-1:2002-07 andDIN EN 13906-1 Corrigendum1:2008-09www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 37 pages 10.13 DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National for
5、eword This document (EN 13906-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 407 “Project Committee Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss
6、Federn, Stanzteile und Blechformteile (Springs, Stamped Parts and Moulded Parts Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 026-00-01 AA Federn. For more detailed information about the Normenausschuss Federn, Stanzteile und Blechformteile (NAFS), please visit www.nafs.din.de. DIN EN 13906-1 is part o
7、f the European Standard series EN 13906 covering the calculation and design of cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar and consists of the following parts, under the general title Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design: Part 1: Compression sp
8、rings Part 2: Extension springs Part 3: Torsion springs This document includes Annex A (informative) “Examples of relaxation for cold coiled springs”. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 13906-1:2002-07 and DIN EN 13906-1 Corrigendum 1:2008-09 as follows: a) DIN EN 13906-1 Corrigendum 1:200
9、8-09 has been incorporated; b) the standard has been editorially revised; c) the content of the standard has been revised; d) terms and definitions have been adopted from DIN EN ISO 26909; e) in Clause 8 “Material property values for the calculation of springs”, reference data for the modulus of ela
10、sticity and shear modulus for stainless steel wire (according to EN 10270-3) have been included. Previous editions DIN 2089: 1948-01, 1949-07 DIN 2089-1: 1963-02, 1984-12 DIN EN 13906-1: 2002-07 DIN EN 13906-1 Corrigendum 1: 2008-09 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13906-1 July 2
11、013 ICS 21.160 Supersedes EN 13906-1:2002English Version Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design - Part 1 : Compression springs Ressorts hlicodaux cylindriques fabriqus partir de fils ronds et de barres - Calcul et conception - Partie 1: Ressorts de compress
12、ion Zylindrische Schraubenfedern aus runden Drhten und Stben - Berechnung und Konstruktion - Teil 1: Druckfedern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 May 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europea
13、n Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (
14、English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgi
15、um, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
16、land, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref
17、. No. EN 13906-1:2013: EEN 13906-1:2013 (E) 2 Contents Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 5 4 Theoretical compression spring diagram . 8 5 Design principles . 9 6 Types of Loading . 10 7 Stress correction factor
18、 k . 12 8 Material property values for the calculation of springs . 13 9 Calculation formulae . 14 10 Permissible torsional stresses . 19 Annex A (informative) Examples of relaxation for cold coiled springs . 29 Bibliography 35 DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN
19、13906-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 407 “Project Committee - Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pub
20、lication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELE
21、C shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13906-1:2002. This European Standard has been prepared by the initiative of the Association of the European Spring Federation ESF. This European Standard constitutes a revision of EN 13906-1:20
22、02 for which it has been technically revised. The main modifications are listed below: updating of the normative references, technical corrections. EN 13906 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design: Part
23、1: Compression springs; Part 2: Extension springs; Part 3: Torsion springs. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D
24、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 1390
25、6-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 4 Introduction The revision of EN 13906 series have been initiated by the Association of the European Spring Federation ESF in order to correct the technical errors which are in the published standards and to improve them according to the state of the art. However, th
26、e revision of the figures is not take part of this work due to the lack of shared (mutual) data to update them. Nevertheless, the customers can have updated data from the manufacturers. DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the calculation and design o
27、f cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical compression springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1, and in respect of which the principal loading is applied in the direction of the spring axis. Table 1 Characteristic Cold co
28、iled compression spring Hot coiled compression spring Wire or bar diameter d 20 mm 8 mm d 100 mm Number of active coils n 2 n 3 Spring index 4 w 20 3 w 12 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its ap
29、plication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10270-1, Steel wire for mechanical springs Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire EN 10270-2, Steel wire for
30、mechanical springs Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire EN 10270-3, Steel wire for mechanical springs Part 3: Stainless spring steel wire EN 10089, Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs Technical delivery conditions EN 12166, Copper and copper alloys Wire for general pur
31、poses EN ISO 2162-1:1996, Technical product documentation Springs Part 1: Simplified representation (ISO 2162-1:1993) EN ISO 26909:2010, Springs Vocabulary (ISO 26909:2009) ISO 26910-1, Springs Shot peening Part 1: General procedures 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.1 Ter
32、ms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 26909:2010 and the following apply. 3.1.1 spring mechanical device designed to store energy when deflected and to return the equivalent amount of energy when released SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 1.1 3.1.2
33、compression spring spring (1.1) that offers resistance to a compressive force applied axially SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 1.2 DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 6 3.1.3 helical compression spring compression spring (1.2) made of wire of circular, non-circular, square or rectangular cross-sect
34、ion, or strip of rectangular cross-section, wound around an axis with spaces between its coils SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 3.12 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms Table 2 contains the symbols, units and abbreviated terms used in this European Standard. Table 2 (1 of 3) Symbols Units Terms a0mm
35、gap between active coils of the unloaded spring 2ieDDD+= mm mean diameter of coil Demm outside diameter of spring Demm increase of outside diameter of the spring, when loaded Dimm inside diameter of spring d mm nominal diameter of wire (or bar) dmaxmm upper deviation of d E N/mm (MPa) modulus of ela
36、sticity (or Youngs modulus) F N spring force F1, F2 . N spring forces, for the spring lengths L1, L2. (at ambient temperature of 20C) Fc thN theoretical spring force at solid length LcNOTE The actual spring force at the solid length is as a rule greater than the theoretical force FKN buckling force
37、FnN spring force for the minimum permissible spring length LnFQN spring force perpendicular to the spring axis (transverse spring force) fes-1 (Hz) natural frequency of the first order of the spring (fundamental frequency) G N/mm (MPa) modulus of rigidity k - stress correction factor (depending on D
38、/d ) L mm spring length L0mm nominal free length of spring L1, L2. mm spring lengths for the spring forces F1, F2. DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 7 Table 2 (2 of 3) Symbols Units Terms Lnmm minimum permissible spring length (depending upon Sa) Lcmm solid length LKmm buckling length m mm
39、mean distance between centres of adjacent coils in the unloaded condition (pitch) N - number of cycles up to rupture n - number of active coils nt- total number of coils R N/mm spring rate RmN/mm (MPa) minimum value of tensile strength RQN/mm transverse spring rate Samm sum of minimum gaps between a
40、djacent active coils at spring length Lns mm spring deflection s1, s2. mm spring deflections, for the spring forces F1, F2. scmm spring deflection, for the solid length, Lcshmm deflection of spring (stroke ) between two positions sKmm spring deflection, for the buckling force FK(buckling spring defl
41、ection) snmm spring deflection, for the spring force FnsQmm transverse spring deflection, for the transverse force FQvStm/s impact speed W Nmm spring work, dDw = - spring index - spring rate ratio - slenderness ratio - seating coefficient - relative spring deflection kg/dm density N/mm (MPa) uncorre
42、cted torsional stress (without the influence of the wire curvature being taken into account) 1, 2. N/mm (MPa) uncorrected torsional stress, for the spring forces F1, F2. cN/mm (MPa) uncorrected torsional stress, for the solid length LcDIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 8 Table 2 (3 of 3) Sym
43、bols Units Terms khN/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress range, for the stroke shkN/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress (according to the stress correction factor k) k1, k2. N/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress, for the spring forces F1, F2. kH (.)N/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress range in fati
44、gue, with the subscript specifying the number of cycles to rupture or the number of ultimate cycles knN/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress, for the spring force FnkO (.)N/mm (MPa) corrected maximum torsional stress in fatigue, with the subscript specifying the number of cycles to rupture or the num
45、ber of ultimate cycles kU (.)N/mm (MPa) corrected minimum torsional stress in fatigue, with the subscript specifying the number of cycles to rupture or the number of ultimate cycles nN/mm (MPa) uncorrected torsional stress, for the spring force FnStN/mm (MPa) impact stress zulN/mm (MPa) permissible
46、static torsional stress 4 Theoretical compression spring diagram The illustration of the compression spring corresponds to Figure 4.1 from EN ISO 2162-1:1996. The theoretical compression spring diagram is given in Figure 1. DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 9 Figure 1 Theoretical compressio
47、n spring diagram 5 Design principles Before carrying out design calculations for a spring, the requirements to be met shall be considered, particularly taking into account and defining: a spring force and corresponding spring deflection or two spring forces and corresponding stroke or a spring force
48、, the stroke and the spring rate, loading as a function of time: is static or dynamic, in the case of dynamic loading the total number of cycles, N, to rupture, operating temperature and permissible relaxation, transverse loading, buckling, impact loading, other factors (e.g. resonance vibration, corrosion). DIN EN 13906-1:2013-11 EN 13906-1:2013 (E) 10 In order to optimise the dimensions of the spring by taki
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