1、August 2016 English price group 7No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50!%YE+“2543408w
2、ww.din.deDIN EN 14196Geosynthetics Test methods for measuring mass per unit area of clay geosynthetic barriers;English version EN 14196:2016,English translation of DIN EN 14196:2016-08Geokunststoffe Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der flchenbezogenen Masse von geosynthetischen Tondichtungsbahnen;Englisc
3、he Fassung EN 14196:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14196:2016-08Gosynthtiques Mthodes dessai pour la dtermination de la masse surfacique des barrires gosynthtiques argileuses bentonitiques;Version anglaise EN 14196:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 14196:2016-08SupersedesDIN EN 14196:2004-02w
4、ww.beuth.deDocument comprises 9 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.07.16DIN EN 14196:2016-08 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 14196:2016) has been prepared by Technical C
5、ommittee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics” (Secretariat: NBN, Belgium). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Textil und Textilmaschinen (DIN Standards Committee Textiles and Textile Machinery), Working Committee NA 106-01-11 AA Geotextilien und Geokunststoffe SpA
6、zu CEN/TC 189 und ISO/TC 221. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14196:2004-02 as follows: a) subclauses have been added to Clause 6 “Procedure” and Clause 7 “Calculation”; b) two new items j) and k) have been added to Clause 8; c) the mass per unit area of the GBR-C specimen has been chan
7、ged from 1 g/m2to 10 g/m2; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN 14196: 2004-02 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14196 February 2016 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 14196:2003English Version Geosynthetics - Test methods for measuring mass p
8、er unit area of clay geosynthetic barriers Gosynthtiques - Mthodes dessai pour la dtermination de la masse surfacique des barrires gosynthtiques argileuses bentonitiques Geokunststoffe - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der flchenbezogenen Masse von geosynthetischen Tondichtungsbahnen This European Stand
9、ard was approved by CEN on 19 December 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning
10、 such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its
11、 own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, German
12、y, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR N
13、ORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14196:2016 EEN 14196:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 T
14、erms and definitions . 4 4 Principle . 4 5 Apparatus . 4 5.1 Balances 4 5.2 Die or template 4 5.3 Miscellaneous . 4 6 Procedure. 5 7 Calculation . 5 8 Test Report 6 Annex A (normative) Test method for the determination of the mass per unit area of the synthetic component . 7 A.1 Apparatus . 7 A.1.1
15、Oven . 7 A.1.2 Blowing or suction apparatus . 7 A.1.3 Balances 7 A.2 Procedure. 7 A.3 Calculation . 7 DIN EN 14196:2016-08 EN 14196:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 14196:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
16、 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of
17、 the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14196:2003. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the f
18、ollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland
19、s, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14196:2016-08 EN 14196:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a test method for the laboratory determination of the mass per unit area of a sample of clay geosynth
20、etic barrier (GBR-C) in the condition as received. Since manufacturers quote mass per unit area at a given moisture content, it is necessary to measure the moisture content. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indis
21、pensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics - Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862) EN ISO 10318-1, Geosyntheti
22、cs - Part 1: Terms and definitions (ISO 10318-1) ISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318-1 and the following apply. 3.1 moisture
23、 content part of the mass of a clay geosynthetic barrier that is absorbed water, expressed as a percentage of the mass of dry clay 4 Principle The mass per unit area is determined by weighing specimens of known dimensions cut from positions distributed over the full width of the sample in accordance
24、 with EN ISO 9862 The moisture content of the clay component of the GBR-C is measured in accordance with ISO 11465. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Balances Balance of 0,01 g readability for specimens having a mass of up to 200 g. Balance of 0,1 g readability for specimens having a mass of 200 g or more. 5.2 Die or
25、 template Of known dimensions to a tolerance of 0,5 % either square with an edge length not less than 200 mm or circular with a diameter not less than 200 mm. 5.3 Miscellaneous Knives, spatulas, scoops, quartering cloth, sample splitters etc., as required. DIN EN 14196:2016-08 EN 14196:2016 (E) 5 6
26、Procedure a) Cut a minimum of five specimens in accordance with EN ISO 9862 and either i) or ii) as follows: i) If a die is used to cut the specimen: reduce the loss of clay by leaving the die in place and removing all the remaining sample outside the edge of the die. This includes brushing the cutt
27、ing board clean. Weigh all material found within the edge of the die along with the specimen. ii) If a template is used to cut the specimen: collect all clay lost from the edges and weigh 50 % of this with the specimen. NOTE 1 The loss of clay during the specimen cutting process can have a significa
28、nt impact on the accuracy of this test method. b) Weigh the specimens NOTE 2 The mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C is estimated by subtracting the manufacturers declared mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) from the total GBR-C mass per unit area. The estimation of th
29、e actual dry clay mass per unit area can be obtained by using the actual average value for the synthetic component(s) as obtained from the manufacturer for the actual lots used to make the GBR-C. c) If the mass per unit area of the geosynthetic component is not known with sufficient confidence, it s
30、hall be measured in accordance with Annex A. d) Determine the moisture content of the clay component wclayin accordance with ISO 11465. This can be done either on the bentonite from the manufactured GBR-C or on the bentonite used in the production if no water is added during the manufacturing proces
31、s. 7 Calculation a) Calculate the mass per unit area of each of the specimens using the following formula: =GBR CGBR CmA(1) where: GBR-C= mass per unit area of the GBR-C specimen rounded to the nearest 10 g/m2; mGBR-C= mass of GBR-C specimen measured in g to the accuracy of the balance used (Refer t
32、o 5.1) A = area of specimen, in m2to the nearest 0,001 m2b) The mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C is determined using the following formula: = CLAY GBR C SYN(2) where: CLAY= mass per unit area of clay component rounded to the nearest 10 g/m2; SYN= nominal mass per unit area of GB
33、R-C synthetic component(s), in g/m2, as provided by the manufacturer or as determined in accordance with Annex A. NOTE The synthetic component(s) may consist of woven or non-woven structures, of threads, or other materials attached, e.g. membrane, coating, lamination. DIN EN 14196:2016-08 EN 14196:2
34、016 (E) 6 c) The mass per unit area of the clay component normalized to a moisture content of 0 % of the GBR-C is determined using the following formula: =+CLAYCLAY0%CLAY( 100)/100w(3) where: wCLAY= percent moisture content of the clay component determined in accordance with ISO 11465 rounded to the
35、 nearest 0,1 %. 8 Test Report Report the following information on mass per unit area of GBR-Cs: a) reference to EN 14196; b) sample identification (for example sample number, roll number or other traceable identifier); c) method used for cutting specimens, sample size, specimen size and shape, numbe
36、r of test specimens used; d) full description of the GBR-C tested and a description of the individual components (e.g. bonding method / clay / geosynthetic / coating); e) mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) (SYN). The source of the information (e.g. the manufacturers data sheet in which
37、 case a copy shall be supplied, which shall clearly show the range of tolerance) relating to the synthetic component with the test method used together with the stated accuracy of the value or the average mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) (SYN) to the nearest 1 g/m2, if measured accor
38、ding to Annex A; f) as received average mass per unit area of the GBR-C (GBR-C) to the nearest 10 g/m2; g) average mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C (CLAY) to the nearest 10 g/m2; h) average mass per unit area of the clay component of the GBR-C (CLAY0 %) to the nearest 10 g/m2nor
39、malized to a moisture content of 0 % i) average moisture content of the clay component of the GBR-C (wCLAY) to the nearest 0,1 %; j) for the properties reported under f, g, h and i above, the test results for each specimen and the average shall also be reported k) state whether the mass of the geosy
40、nthetic(s) has been determined in accordance with Annex A. l) statement of any deviation from the testing procedures. DIN EN 14196:2016-08 EN 14196:2016 (E) 7 Annex A (normative) Test method for the determination of the mass per unit area of the synthetic component A.1 Apparatus A.1.1 Oven Drying ov
41、en in which the temperature is set to (105 5) C. A.1.2 Blowing or suction apparatus Apparatus for removing as much of the clay component as possible. A.1.3 Balances As in 5.1. A.2 Procedure Where the mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) is not known, determine this mass by dissection of
42、the specimens. Having determined the mass per unit area of each specimen in accordance with this standard, separate the components by peeling. Brush each component, taking care not to lose any threads from any woven structure, or loose fibres from non-woven structures, and then either by blowing or
43、using suction remove as much of the clay component as possible. Immerse each specimen in tap water until the clay can be easily removed from the fibres. Remove the bulk of clay from the synthetic components either by scraping the substrate and/or by cutting the seams or link bridges (stitch-bonded G
44、BR-Cs). For needle punched GBR-Cs, remove the bulk of clay from the synthetic components by making the clay move towards the edges of the specimen by applying pressure from centre outwards. Thoroughly wash the remaining clay from the synthetic components until they seem clay free and the rinsing wat
45、er is clear of clay. Dry the synthetic component(s) specimens, e.g. in an oven at a temperature at which the specimens are not damaged, until a constant mass is reached (msyn). Weigh the synthetic component(s) separately. A.3 Calculation Calculate the mass per unit area of each of the specimens usin
46、g the following formula: =SYNSYNmA(A.1) where: syn= mass per unit area of the synthetic component rounded to the nearest 1 g/m2; msyn= mass of synthetic component measured in g to the accuracy of the balance used (Refer to 5.1) A = area of specimen, in m2to the nearest 0,001 m2NOTE Using this procedure, it has been found that the total mass per unit area of the synthetic components can be anything up to 20 % above their nominal weight as stated on manufacturers data sheets (because of the difficulty in removing all the clay). DIN EN 14196:2016-08
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