1、May 2017 English price group 18No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.030.10!%eBz“2663187www.din.deDIN
2、EN 14405Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test Upflow percolation test (under specified conditions);English version EN 14405:2017,English translation of DIN EN 14405:2017-05Charakterisierung von Abfllen Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens Perkolationsprfung im Aufwrtsstrom (unter festgele
3、gten Bedingungen);Englische Fassung EN 14405:2017,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14405:2017-05Caractrisation des dchets Essais de comportement la lixiviation Essai de percolation coulement ascendant (dans des conditions spcifies);Version anglaise EN 14405:2017,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 14405:20
4、17-05SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 14405:200409www.beuth.deDocument comprises 45 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.05.17 DIN EN 14405:2017-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 144
5、05:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 444 “Test methods for the characterization of solid matrices” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (DIN Standards Committee Water Practice), Working Group
6、NA 119-01-02-05 UA “Leaching methods” of Working Committee NA 119-01-02 AA “Waste and soil investigation (Coordination ISO/TC 190; ISO/TC 275, CEN/TC 292, CEN/TC 308, CEN/TC 345, CEN/TC 444, CEN/SABE/ENV)”. On the basis of numerous robustness studies on behalf of CEN/TC 351 “Construction Products -
7、Assessment of release of dangerous substances” and the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA/BMUB) and comparative studies with different column percolation methods (e.g. 1-3), the German mirror committee has proved that deviations in results can occur due to a lack of harmonization of the test con
8、ditions with the procedure for construction products CEN/TS 16637-3, Construction products Assessment of release of dangerous substances Part 3: Horizontal up-flow percolation test and the more practicable DIN 19528, Leaching of solid materials Percolation method for the joint examination of the lea
9、ching behaviour of inorganic and organic substances. In particular, the sample preparation results in changes in the specimen which then is no longer appropriate for the intended use. It should be noted that with the presented validation data of EN 14405, typical, often coarse grained waste material
10、 is not sufficiently covered and organic pollutants are not taken into account. 1 HJELMAR, O., HYKS, J., WAHLSTRM, M., LAINE-YLIJOKI, J., VAN ZOMEREN, A., COMANS, R., KALBE, U., SCHOKNECHT, U., KRGER, O., GRATHWOHL, P., WENDEL, T., ABDELGHAFOUR, M., MEHU, J., SCHIOPU, N. und LUPSEA, M. (2013): Robus
11、tness validation of TS-2 and TS-3 developed by CEN/TC 351/WG 1 to assess release from products to soil, surface water and groundwater, Final report https:/www.nen.nl/web/file?uuid=e56cca92-7959-4885-bc3b-d803f5692e7a Forschungskennzahl 3715333900. 126 S. The DIN Standards corresponding to the Intern
12、ational Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-2:1994 DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12 ISO 11464:2006 DIN 19747:2009-07 DIN EN 14405:2017-05 3 Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 14405:2004-09 as follows: a) the previous document CEN/TS 14405 has been revised and is now E
13、uropean Standard EN 14405; b) performance characteristics are now given in Clause 10; c) Annex D “Repeatability and reproducibility data” has been added; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 14405: 2004-09 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN 19747:2
14、009-07, Investigation of solids Pre-treatment, preparation and processing of samples for chemical, biological and physical investigations DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and repro
15、ducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:2002) DIN EN 14405:2017-05 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14405 March 2017 ICS 13.030.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 14405:2004English Version Characterizatio
16、n of waste - Leaching behaviour test - Up-flow percolation test (under specified conditions) Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation - Essai de percolation coulement ascendant (dans des conditions spcifies) Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverfahrens
17、 - Perkolationsprfung im Aufwrtsstrom (unter festgelegten Bedingungen) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national st
18、andard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in
19、 any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech R
20、epublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdo
21、m. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14405:201
22、7 EEN 14405:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Principle . 9 5 Reagents . 9 6 Equipment 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 Laboratory equipment . 10 7 Sample pretreatment 11 7.1 General . 11 7.2 Sample preparation . 11
23、7.3 Test portion 12 7.4 Determination of dry residue 13 8 Procedure 13 8.1 Temperature 13 8.2 Preparation 13 8.3 Packing of the column 13 8.4 Start-up of the test . 15 8.5 Collection of additional eluate fractions 16 8.6 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis 18 8.7 Blank test 18 9 Calculat
24、ions 18 10 Performance characteristics 19 11 Test report 20 11.1 General . 20 11.2 General data . 20 11.3 Leaching test conditions 20 11.4 Analytical report 20 11.5 Results of the leaching test . 21 Annex A (informative) Illustration of the column and accompanying equipment 22 Annex B (informative)
25、Suggestions for packing the column, water saturation and establishment and checking of equilibrium conditions 23 B.1 General . 23 B.2 Guidelines on column filling and packing . 23 B.3 Water saturation 23 B.4 Equilibration and checking of equilibrium conditions 24 Annex C (informative) Background for
26、 the choices made in developing this percolation test 26 DIN EN 14405:2017-05 EN 14405:2017 (E) 3 C.1 Introduction . 26 C.2 Particle size / particle size distribution . 27 C.3 Column dimensions . 27 C.4 Flow mode (up-flow/down-flow) 27 C.5 Flow rate of the leachant 27 C.6 L/S ratio and eluate fracti
27、ons collected/duration of the test . 28 C.7 Nature of the leachant . 28 C.8 Temperature 29 C.9 Beneficial use of the test results 29 Annex D (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data 30 D.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study 30 D.2 Interlaboratory comparison results 30
28、 Bibliography . 40 DIN EN 14405:2017-05 EN 14405:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14405:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 444 “Test methods for environmental characterization of solid matrices”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall b
29、e given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this doc
30、ument may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14405:2004. The following significant technical changes have been implemented in this new edition of the text: the status of the document has be
31、en changed from Technical Specification (CEN/TS) into a European Standard; based on CEN ISO/TS 21268-3 and CEN/TS 16637-3 the option for analysis of non-volatile organic substances has been added; performance data for inorganic substances has been added (see Annex D). This document has been prepared
32、 under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association This European Standard has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This European Standard was elaborated on the basis of: NEN 734
33、3:1995; NT ENVIR 002:1995. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republi
34、c of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14405:2017-05 EN 14405:2017 (E) 5 Introductio
35、n This European Standard specifies an up-flow percolation test to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials under standardized percolation conditions. NOTE Validation data for non-volatile organic substances are not currently avai
36、lable, but will be added on revision when available. For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of
37、 that kind of material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care.
38、Gases which can be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations will be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this m
39、ethod. In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the substances which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble substances upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk t
40、o the environment during life-cycle of waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can
41、 be addressed in one single standard. Procedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive1and the Decision on Annex II of this Dire
42、ctive2for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necessary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition,
43、 consistency, leachability, etc.), information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controll
44、ing leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as
45、well as information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the composition of the waste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance tes
46、ting is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic characterization and through that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The c
47、ompliance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic characterization tests can also be used for compliance purposes. 1Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 Decem
48、ber 2002. DIN EN 14405:2017-05 EN 14405:2017 (E) 6 c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure
49、 described in this document is a basic characterization test and falls in category a). DIN EN 14405:2017-05 EN 14405:2017 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste (without or with size reduction (see 7.2). The waste body is subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation
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