1、July 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13
2、060.70!%5xS“2188548www.din.deDDIN EN 14407Water quality Guidance for the identification and enumeration of benthic diatomsamples from rivers and lakes;English version EN 14407:2014,English translation of DIN EN 14407:2014-07Wasserbeschaffenheit Anleitung zur Bestimmung und Zhlung von benthischen Ki
3、eselalgen in Fliegewssernund Seen;Englische Fassung EN 14407:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14407:2014-07Qualit de leau Guide pour lidentification et le dnombrement des chantillons de diatomes benthiquesde rivires et de lacs;Version anglaise EN 14407:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 14407:20
4、14-07SupersedesDIN EN 14407:2004-10www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 17 pages06.14 DIN EN 14407:2014-07 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 14407:2014) has been prepared by Technica
5、l Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 119-01-03-05-06 AK Biologisch-kologische Gews-seruntersuchung of NA 119-01-03 AA
6、 Wasseruntersuchung. Designation of the method: Guidance for the identification, enumeration and interpretation of benthic diatom samples from rivers and lakes (M 14): Method DIN EN 14407 M 14 This standard has been published to implement the Water Framework Directive (WFD), Directive 2000/60/EC of
7、the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy1). 1) Registered in the DITR database of DIN Software GmbH, obtainable from: Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin. DIN EN 14407:2014-07 3 Expert assistance and speciali
8、zed laboratories will be required to perform the analyses described in this standard. Existing safety requirements are to be observed. Depending on the objective of the analysis, a check shall be made on a case-by-case basis as to whether and to what extent additional conditions will have to be spec
9、ified. This standard has been prepared by the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Com-mittee) in collaboration with the Wasserchemische Gesellschaft Fachgruppe in der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (Water Chemistry Society Division of the German Chemical Society). It is part of th
10、e series Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung (German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge): Guidance for the identification, enumeration and interpretation of benthic diatom samples from rivers and lakes (M 14). Standard methods
11、published as DIN Standards are obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, either individually or grouped in volumes. The standard methods included in the loose-leaf publication entitled Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung will continue to be published by Beuth Verlag Gm
12、bH and Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH b) the scope of this European Standard has been expanded to include lakes; c) the informative Annex A “Example for quality assurance of diatom analyses from the UK” has been added; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN 14407: 2004-10 EN 1
13、4407 March 2014 ICS 13.060.70 Supersedes EN 14407:2004English Version Water quality - Guidance for the identification and enumeration of benthic diatom samples from rivers and lakes Qualit de leau - Guide pour lidentification et le dnombrement des chantillons de diatomes benthiques de rivires et de
14、lacs Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Bestimmung und Zhlung von benthischen Kieselalgen in Fliegewssern und Seen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 December 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving thi
15、s European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official v
16、ersions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austr
17、ia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
18、 Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14407:2014 EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORM
19、ALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14407:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions .5 3 Principle 6 4 Apparatus .6 5 Determining analytical strategy .7 5.1 Determining taxonomic criteria for analysis .7
20、 5.2 Determining units for enumeration 7 5.3 Determining sample size .7 5.4 Determining approach to enumeration7 5.5 Treatment of broken and other unidentifiable diatoms .8 6 Analytical procedures .9 7 Archiving data, slides and samples 10 8 Quality assurance . 10 9 Data interpretation 10 9.1 Use of
21、 indices and scores . 10 9.2 Comparison with reference conditions 10 Annex A (informative) Example for quality assurance of diatom analyses from the UK 11 Bibliography . 13 DIN EN 14407:2014-07EN 14407:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14407:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC
22、230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
23、 September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14407:2004. This document contains the fo
24、llowing technical changes compared with the previous edition: This European Standard is now also applicable for the identification, enumeration and interpretation of benthic diatoms in lakes, i.e. not only rivers. Informative Annex A “Example for quality assurance of diatom analyses from the UK” was
25、 added. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Fra
26、nce, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14407:2014-07EN 14407:2014 (E) 4 Introduction Diatoms are an important c
27、omponent of aquatic ecosystems and constitute a water quality monitoring tool where the primary objective is either a measure of ecological status or the impact of specific components of water quality (e.g. eutrophication, acidification). The requirement for the monitoring of such processes is inher
28、ent in the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/217/EEC) in addition to other EU Directives and international agreements. This European Standard covers aspects of identification and enumeration of the relative abundance of diatom taxa on prepared slide
29、s and of data interpretation relevant to assessment of water quality. The use of diatoms as indicators of river and lake quality is widely accepted both in Europe and the USA. The methodology is based on the fact that all diatom species have tolerance limits and optima with respect to their preferen
30、ce for environmental conditions such as nutrients, organic pollution and acidity. Polluted waters will tend to support an increased abundance of those species whose optima correspond with the levels of the pollutant in question. Conversely, certain species are intolerant of elevated levels of one or
31、 more pollutants, whilst others can occur in a wide range of water qualities. Methods using diatoms to assess water quality have been developed in several European countries (recent work is summarized in the proceedings of three symposia 4 to 6. The methodologies for evaluating the diatom data vary
32、but the sampling and preparation processes are similar 1. According to the precise usage to which this European Standard is to be put it is essential for specifiers and users to mutually agree on any necessary variations or optional procedural details prior to use. All numerical values given in this
33、 standard are approximate. WARNING Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with usual laboratory practice. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate hea
34、lth and safety practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. DIN EN 14407:2014-07EN 14407:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for the identification and enumeration of relative proportions of diatom taxa on prepared slides and of data interpretat
35、ion relevant to assessments of water quality in rivers and lakes. It is suitable for use with indices and assessment methods based on the relative abundance of taxa. The methods for identification and enumeration may also be applied to the study of benthic diatoms in other habitats provided that dat
36、a interpretation methods appropriate to these habitats are used. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 benthic diatoms diatoms living on natural or artificial substrata, rather than suspended in the water column 2.2 ecological statu
37、s measure of the structure and functioning of aquatic communities 2.3 expected natural assemblage assemblage present at a site when only natural stresses (e.g. floods) occur and man-made stress is not significant 2.4 eyepiece graticule measuring device, inserted into one eyepiece of a microscope, pe
38、rmitting measurements of the size of objects Note 1 to entry: The relationship between each division on the eyepiece graticule and the actual size of the object will depend upon the magnification of the microscope. 2.5 frustule cell wall of diatoms, composed of silica and consisting of two valves li
39、nked by two or more girdle bands 2.6 habitat specific environment in which an organism lives 2.7 prepared slide slide plus coverslip on which has been mounted a sub-sample of diatoms 2.8 stage micrometer special graticule in the form of a scale carried at natural size on a microscope slide which is
40、used as an absolute standard of length for calibrating microscope measuring systems SOURCE: ISO 10934-1:2002, 2.96.1 2.9 taxon (pl. taxa) taxonomic units, for example families, genera or species DIN EN 14407:2014-07EN 14407:2014 (E) 6 2.10 unit either diatom valves or intact frustules Note 1 to entr
41、y: The use of the term is depending upon the conventions adopted in 5.2. 2.11 valve structural component of the diatom frustule 2.12 vernier scale measuring device associated with the mechanical stage of a microscope, permitting the relative transverse and longitudinal position of a slide to be note
42、d with a typical precision of about 0,1 mm 3 Principle Benthic diatoms, cleaned of cell contents and mounted in a medium with a high refractive index, are identified and counted using a high power light microscope until an appropriate sample size has been obtained. These data are then interpreted us
43、ing one or more indices or other assessment methods. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Light microscope, equipped with a mechanical stage and high power (e.g. 100 magnification) oil-immersion lens. Use of a phase contrast or differential interference (Nomarski) condenser is recommended. The microscope should incorpor
44、ate facilities for measurements (e.g. an eyepiece graticule) with a scale division of at least 1 m. Apparatus for photomicroscopy or video capture are useful for documentation of difficult specimens and can also assist with measurement of striae density, etc. 4.2 Floras, identification guides and ic
45、onographs, appropriate to the habitats under consideration (see 5.1). 4.3 Immersion oil and dispenser 4.4 Lens tissue 4.5 Facility for recording data as they are collected. This may be a pro forma count sheet with a list of taxon names and space beside each on which the counts can be made or a labor
46、atory notebook organized in such a way that taxon identities and numbers can be clearly recorded, or a computer program with facilities for direct entry of data. The design of the count sheets or programs should take into account the requirements of any Quality Assurance programmes that are in place
47、 4.6 Facility for verifying the identity of difficult specimens This can take several forms: drawings, high quality photomicrographs or captured video images may suffice. However, it is also useful to be able to relocate actual specimens. If taxonomic assistance is available “in house”, noting coor
48、dinates on the microscopes Vernier scale may be sufficient. If another microscope is likely to be used, then a facility to record the absolute position of the specimen may be necessary. DIN EN 14407:2014-07EN 14407:2014 (E) 7 5 Determining analytical strategy 5.1 Determining taxonomic criteria for a
49、nalysis Recent debates about the fundamentals of diatom taxonomy have led to the co-existence of parallel systems of nomenclature. It is important, when using diatoms for water quality assessments to ensure that any scope for confusion about the correct name to apply to a diatom is eliminated. The minimum level of taxonomy that is acceptable for a study will be determined by the intended uses of the data. Most pollution indices require species-level ident
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