DIN EN 15365-2010 Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environment - Determination of creep behaviour by the .pdf

1、December 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I

2、CS 81.060.30!$ldB“1736531www.din.deDDIN EN 15365Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in anon-reactive environment Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end methodEnglish translation of DIN EN 15365:2010-12Hochleistungskeramik Mechanische Eige

3、nschaften von Keramikfasern bei hohen Temperaturen in einerreaktionsfreien Umgebung Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens im KaltverbindungsverfahrenEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15365:2010-12Cramiques techniques avances Proprits mcaniques des fibres cramiques haute temprature sousenvironnement non-ract

4、if Dtermination du comportement au fluage par la mthode des mors froidsTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15365:2010-12SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 15365:2006-06www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1912.10 DIN EN 15365:2010-12 A comm

5、a is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Sta

6、ndards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-02-94 AA Prfung von Hochleistungs-keramik Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe. Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 15635:2006-06 as follows: a) the Technical Specification now has the status of a European Standard; b) the standard has been editoriall

7、y revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15365: 2006-06 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15365 July 2010 ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes CEN/TS 15365:2006English Version Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environmen

8、t Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end method Cramiques techniques avances Proprits mcaniques des fibres cramiques haute temprature sous environnement non-ractif Dtermination du comportement au fluage par la mthode des mors froids Hochleistungskeramik Mechanische Eigenschaften von Kerami

9、kfasern bei hohen Temperaturen in einer reaktionsfreien Umgebung Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens im Kaltverbindungsverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 June 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving

10、 this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versio

11、ns (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, B

12、ulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE F

13、OR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15365:2010: EEN 15365:2010 (E) 2 Contents Pa

14、ge Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 75 Significance and use .86 Apparatus .86.1 Test installations86.2 Load train 86.3 Test chamber 96.4 Set-up for heating 96.5 Temperature measurement .96.6 Control of deformation 96.7 Data recording system 96.8 Determ

15、ination of fibre cross sectional area 97 Test specimens 97.1 Test specimen preparation .97.2 Number of test specimens . 118 Test procedures 118.1 Determination of the temperature profile in the furnace 118.2 Test set-up: Determination of the temperature profile and of the different lengths of each t

16、emperature zone in the furnace . 118.3 Test set-up: Loading considerations 128.4 Test technique . 128.5 Test validity . 149 Calculation of results . 149.1 Creep stress 149.2 Creep strain at time t 1410 Test report . 15Bibliography . 17DIN EN 15365:2010-12 EN 15365:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (

17、EN 15365:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2

18、011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent righ

19、ts. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15365:2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Fr

20、ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15365:2010-12 EN 15365:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the

21、conditions for the determination of the tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of single filaments of ceramic fibres at high temperature and under test conditions that prevent changes to the material as a result of chemical reaction with the test environment. This European Standard applies

22、to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strains to fracture less than or equal to 5 %. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited appli

23、es. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 60584 (all parts), Thermocouples CEN/TR 13233:2007, Advanced technical ceramics Notations and symbols 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions

24、given in CEN/TR 13233:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 creep time-dependent increase of gauge length starting from the time when the constant specified level of force is reached 3.2 creep threshold temperature Ttminimum temperature at which creep is detected 3.3 specimen temperature T temperature w

25、hich varies along the fibre length in the cold grips case NOTE See 8.2. 3.4 specimen temperature in the zone Ti temperature defined as: Tt Ti Tt+ i T 3.5 total length L total length of the ceramic filament between the grips 3.6 length Lilength of the ceramic filament at temperature TiDIN EN 15365:20

26、10-12 EN 15365:2010 (E) 5 3.7 initial effective cross sectional area A0initial cross sectional area of the ceramic filament within the gauge length 3.8 applied tensile force F constant force applied to the ceramic filament during the test 3.9 applied tensile stress applied tensile force divided by t

27、he initial cross sectional area 3.10 longitudinal deformation L change in the total length of the ceramic filament caused by creep 3.11 longitudinal deformation Lichange of the filament caused by creep at temperature Ti3.12 tensile creep strain cr(T)relative change in length in the controlled zone a

28、t time t, caused by creep at the temperature T NOTE The value corresponding to rupture is denoted cr,m. 3.13 creep rupture time tcr,mtime elapsed from the moment when loading is completed until the moment of rupture 3.14 creep strain rate LTis the furnace length where the temperature T is in the ran

29、ge Tt T Tt+ T. Figure 2 Temperature profile in furnace If Ttis considered to be the lowest temperature at which creep is observed, the temperature profile can be divided in several intervals as a function of Ttand T, where T is the difference in temperature between the different zones, fixed by the

30、operator. If we consider i, the entire number of zones, and L, the total fibre length, then we can define the following lengths: L20is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range 20 C T Tt; DIN EN 15365:2010-12 EN 15365:2010 (E) 8 LTis the furnace length where the temperature T is in

31、the range Tt T Tt+ T; L2Tis the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt+ T T Tt+ 2 T; LiTis the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt+ (i 1) T T Tt+ i T. Then L can be written: L = L20+ LT+ L2T+ L3T+ + LiT (1) Thus it is possible to determine the deformation in

32、all of these different temperature zones. The inconvenience of this method is that determining the true deformation in the L2Tzone requires the determination of the deformation in the lower temperature zones. Below the temperature Ttand for a constant load applied to the fibre, the deformation is co

33、nstant so that the strain rate is equal to zero. 5 Significance and use Creep tests allow the comparison and the determination of parameters or behaviour laws and their extrapolation to long-term behaviour for different materials under constant load at high temperatures. These allow the conception a

34、nd design of industrial parts with close control of tolerances for high temperature applications. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Test installations NOTE Two different types of installation can be used, as specified in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. 6.1.1 Test machine The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the

35、 force applied to the test specimen. The machine shall have a load cell with a resolution of 10-3N for the applied force. The displacement transducer shall have a resolution of at least 2 . This shall prevail during actual test conditions (pressure, temperature). 6.1.2 Creep testing rig When a creep

36、 testing rig is used, the force application system shall be calibrated. The testing rig shall be equipped with a system to allow smooth loading of the ceramic filament(s). When this system is used, care shall be taken to ensure that the force applied to the ceramic filament remains constant to withi

37、n 10-3N, even when the material properties change and the environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) fluctuate. 6.2 Load train The gripping system shall align the test specimen axis with that of the applied force. The load train configuration shall ensure that the load indicated by the load ce

38、ll and the load experienced by the test specimen are the same. The load train performance including the alignment and the force transmission shall not change because of heating. DIN EN 15365:2010-12 EN 15365:2010 (E) 9 6.3 Test chamber 6.3.1 General The chamber shall allow proper control of the test

39、 specimen environment during the test and ensure that any variation of load during the test is less than 1 % of the scale of the load cell being used. 6.3.2 Gaseous environment The gaseous environment shall be chosen depending on the material to be tested and on the test temperature. If the test is

40、conducted in flowing gas, the rate of flow should be sufficiently high to exclude oxygen, but not so as to induce turbulence in the furnace. If a closed system is used the level of pressure shall be chosen depending on the material to be tested, on temperature, on the type of gas and on the type of

41、extensometry. 6.3.3 Vacuum chamber The level of vacuum shall not induce chemical and/or physical instabilities of the filament. 6.4 Set-up for heating The set-up for heating shall be constructed in such a way that the variation of temperature within the gauge length is known to within 20 K. NOTE Hor

42、izontal furnaces give a more symmetrical temperature profile than vertical devices. 6.5 Temperature measurement For temperature measurement, either thermocouples conforming to EN 60584 (all parts) shall be used, or, where thermocouples not conforming to EN 60584 (all parts) or pyrometers are used, t

43、hey shall be appropriately calibrated and the calibration data added to the test report. 6.6 Control of deformation The deformation of the filament can be measured by the movement of the cross-head, with compensation being made for the compliance of the machine according to EN 1007-4. A direct techn

44、ique for measuring the deformation of the filament is by speckle interferometry. 6.7 Data recording system Calibrated recorders may be used to record force, longitudinal deformation and temperature versus time. 6.8 Determination of fibre cross sectional area The fibre cross sectional area can be det

45、ermined from a measurement of the fibre diameter, if the fibre is circular in section, or an average diameter can be determined if it is not. Measurements should conform to EN 1007-3. 7 Test specimens 7.1 Test specimen preparation Extreme care shall be taken during test specimen preparation to ensur

46、e that the procedure is repeatable from test specimen to test specimen and to avoid handling damage. DIN EN 15365:2010-12 EN 15365:2010 (E) 10 NOTE 1 The introduction of damage during test specimen preparation may result in a truncation of the strength distribution and is more critical the longer th

47、e length of the filament. NOTE 2 During test specimen preparation and in particular when extracting a filament from the tow, the ratio of damaged filaments to the total number of extracted filaments should be minimised. NOTE 3 To prevent damage during test specimen manipulation and mounting, an exam

48、ple of the assembly of a test specimen is shown in Figure 3. This test specimen preparation uses a mounting tab of thin paper, metal or plastic cut as shown in Figure 3, with a window. The length of the window is equal to the gauge length of the filament test specimen. An adhesive, suitable for affixing the filament to the ends of mounting tab