1、May 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75
2、.160.10!$p4.“1771711www.din.deDDIN EN 15402Solid recovered fuels Determination of the content of volatile matterEnglish translation of DIN EN 15402:2011-05Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe Bestimmung des Gehaltes an flchtigen SubstanzenEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15402:2011-05Combustibles solides de rcup
3、ration Dtermination de la teneur en composs volatilsTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15402:2011-05SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 15402:2007-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1704.11 DIN EN 15402:2011-05 A comma is used as the de
4、cimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid Recovered Fuels” (Secretariat: SFS, Finland). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Commi
5、ttee NA 062-05-83 AA Sekundrbrennstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 562 DIN 51720 ISO 5725-5 DIN ISO 5725-5 Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 15402:2007-01 as follows: a) the prestandard status has be
6、en changed to that of a full standard; b) the use of automatic equipment has been permitted under specific conditions; c) Annex A (informative) “Interlaboratory test results” has been included; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15402: 2007-01 National Annex N
7、A (informative) Bibliography DIN 51720, Testing of solid fuels Determination of volatile matter content DIN ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method 2 EUROPEAN
8、STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15402 March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15402:2006English Version Solid recovered fuels Determination of the content of volatile matter Combustibles solides de rcupration Dtermination de la teneur en composs volatils Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe Besti
9、mmung des Gehaltes an flchtigen Substanzen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration
10、. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by t
11、ranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,Fin
12、land, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES K
13、OMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15402:2011: EEN 15402:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53
14、Terms and definitions .54 Principle 55 Apparatus .56 Sampling and sample preparation .97 Procedure .98 Calculation . 109 Precision 1010 Test report . 10Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory test results . 12Bibliography . 15DIN EN 15402:2011-05 EN 15402:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15402:20
15、11) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and confli
16、cting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15402:2006. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identify
17、ing any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document differs from CEN/TS 15402:2006 mainly as follows: a) use of automatic equipments under specific conditions permitted; b) r
18、esults of interlaboratory tests supplemented as an informative Annex A; c) whole document editorially revised. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
19、 Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 15402:2011-05 EN 154
20、02:2011 (E) 4 Introduction The volatile matter is determined as the loss in mass less that due to moisture, when solid recovered fuel is heated out of contact with air under standardised conditions. The test is empirical and, in order to ensure reproducible results, it is essential that the rate of
21、heating, the final temperature and the overall duration of the test are carefully controlled. It is also essential to exclude air from the solid recovered fuel during heating to prevent oxidation. The fit of the crucible lid is therefore critical. The moisture content of the sample is determined at
22、the same time as the volatile matter so that the appropriate correction can be made. Mineral matter associated with the sample can also lose mass under the conditions of the test, the magnitude of the loss being dependent on both the nature and the quantity of the minerals present. This European Sta
23、ndard is primarily geared toward laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of solid recovered fuels, but is also useful for the authorities and inspection organizations. The method specified in this European Standard is based on EN 15148 as well as ISO 562. DIN EN 15402:2011-05 EN 15402:2011
24、 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements and a method for the determination of volatile matter of solid recovered fuels. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition ci
25、ted applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 15414-3, Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method Part 3:
26、Moisture in general analysis sample EN 15442, Solid recovered fuels Methods for sampling EN 15443, Solid recovered fuels Methods for the preparation of the laboratory sample 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 apply. 4 Principle
27、 A test portion of the general analysis sample is heated out of contact with ambient air at (900 10) C for about 7 min. The percentage of volatile matter is calculated from the loss in mass of the test portion after deducting the loss in mass due to moisture. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Furnace The furnace shal
28、l be heated electrically and capable of maintaining a zone with uniform temperature of (900 10) C. It may be of the stop-ended type or fitted at the back with a flue with a diameter of about 25 mm and a length of about 150 mm (see Figure 1). NOTE 1 It is important for furnaces with flues that the fu
29、rnace door seals well. The flue should not reach far out of the oven and should be fitted with a butterfly valve to restrict airflow through the furnace. The heat capacity of the furnace shall be such that, with an initial temperature of (900 10) C, the temperature is regained within about 4 min aft
30、er insertion of a cold stand and its crucibles. The temperature shall be measured with a thermocouple, as specified in 5.2. NOTE 2 Observing the temperature is very important in order to compensate for inherent deviations of the temperature measurement and lack of uniformity regarding the temperatur
31、e distribution. Usually the furnace will be designed specifically either for multiple determinations using a number of crucibles in one stand or for receiving one crucible and its stand. In the first case, the zone of uniform temperature shall be at least 160 mm 100 mm; in the latter case, a zone of
32、 diameter about 40 mm is sufficient. DIN EN 15402:2011-05 EN 15402:2011 (E) 6 A position for the crucible stand shall be chosen within the zone of uniform temperature and this position shall be used for all determinations. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 chamber, 200 mm width 5 heating system 2 flue
33、 6 zone of uniform temperature 3 valve 7 check thermocouple 4 thermocouple Figure 1 Example of suitable furnace 5.2 Thermocouple The thermocouple shall be unsheathed, of wire with a thickness 1 mm. It should be long enough to reach the centre of the underside of each crucible when placed into the zo
34、ne of uniform temperature on being inserted through the front or rear of the furnace. The thermo junction shall be placed midway between the base of the crucible in its stand and the floor of the furnace. If the stand holds more than one crucible, the temperature under each crucible shall be checked
35、 in the same manner. If desired, a sheathed thermocouple may be permanently installed in the furnace (5.1) (see Figure 1) with its thermo junction as close as possible to the centre of the zone of uniform temperature; in this case furnace temperature readings shall be correlated at frequent interval
36、s with those of the unsheathed thermocouple which is thus inserted only if necessary. NOTE The temperature/electromotive force relationship of a thermo junction maintained at elevated temperatures gradually changes with time. DIN EN 15402:2011-05 EN 15402:2011 (E) 7 5.3 Crucible The crucible shall b
37、e cylindrical, with a well-fitting lid, both of fused silica. The crucible with lid shall have a mass from 10 g to 14 g and dimensions approximating to those shown in Figure 2. The fit of the lid on the crucible is critical to the determination and a lid shall be selected to match the crucible such
38、that the horizontal clearance between them is no greater than 0,5 mm. After selection, the crucible and the lid shall be ground together to give smooth surfaces and then be given a common distinguishing mark. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 Silica crucible and lid If performing multiple determina
39、tions on highly swelling solid recovered fuels, it can be necessary to use taller crucibles; these may be up to 45 mm in height without affecting the determined volatile matter, provided that the specified rate of temperature recovery is maintained. 5.4 Crucible stand The crucible stand which the cr
40、ucible (5.3) is placed on in the furnace (5.1), shall be such that the appropriate rate of heating is achievable. For example, it may consist of the following: a) for single determinations, a ring of heat-resistant steel wire as shown in Figure 3 a), with ceramic discs with a diameter of about 25 mm
41、 and a thickness of about 2 mm, resting on the inner projection of its legs or b) for multiple determinations, a tray of heat-resistant steel wire as shown in Figure 3 b), of appropriate size, with ceramic plates with a thickness of about 2 mm supporting the crucibles. DIN EN 15402:2011-05 EN 15402:
42、2011 (E) 8 5.5 Balance The balance shall be readable to the nearest 0,1 mg. Dimensions in millimetres a) Suitable for a single determination b) Suitable for multiple determinations Key 1 three legs spaced 120 apart 2 handle 3 ring 4 ceramic plates Figure 3 Crucible stands DIN EN 15402:2011-05 EN 154
43、02:2011 (E) 9 6 Sampling and sample preparation The general analysis sample shall be taken and prepared in accordance with EN 15442 and EN 15443. It shall be well mixed and in moisture equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere. A test portion of the general analysis sample shall be separated for th
44、e determination of moisture content at the same time to the determination of volatile matter. The moisture content shall be determined in accordance with EN 15414-3. 7 Procedure 7.1 Use of automatic equipment Automatic equipment may be used if the procedure based on such a equipment is validated wit
45、h reference materials of an adequate type. This equipment shall fulfil all the requirements given in Clauses 5 to 8 regarding sample size, atmosphere, temperatures and weighing accuracy. Deviations from these specifications shall be reported and justified. 7.2 Number of determinations A minimum of t
46、wo determinations shall be carried out on the general analysis test sample. 7.3 Furnace temperature checking Adjust the temperature of the zone in the furnace (5.1), containing either a stand with one crucible and lid (see Figure 3 a) or a stand with the requisite number of crucibles and lids (see F
47、igure 3 b), to (900 10) C as indicated by the correctly located thermocouple (5.2). Check that this temperature is observed at the same height under each crucible (5.3). NOTE Temperature checking should be made before starting determinations. However, if several analyses are performed per day, a dai
48、ly temperature check is usually sufficient. The check of the temperature recovery criterion (see 5.1) should be dealt with in a similar way. 7.4 Volatile matter determination Fill either a stand with one empty crucible (5.3) and lid (see Figure 3 a) or a stand with the requisite number of empty crucibles and lids (see Figure 3 b) and insert it into the furnace (5.1). Maintain the temperature at (900 10) C for about 7 min. Remove the crucible(s) fro
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