DIN EN 15433-2-2008 Transportation loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads - Part 2 Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment English.pdf

1、February 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 22No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 55.180.01!$LCQ“141324

2、6www.din.deDDIN EN 15433-2Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuringequipmentEnglish version of DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02Transportbelastungen Messen und Auswerten von mechanisch-dynamischen Belastungen Teil

3、 2: Datenerfassung und allgemeine Anforderungen an MesseinrichtungenEnglische Fassung DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02SupersedesDIN 30787-2:2001-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 64 pagesDIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 2 National foreword This document was originally prepared by the Normenausschuss Verpackungswesen (Pa

4、ckaging Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 115-01-04 AA Anforderungen und Prfung, and published in October 2001 as DIN 30787-2. Following Germanys request to CEN for a European standard on “Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads”, DIN 30787-2 was adopte

5、d by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France), editorially revised and then published as EN 15433-2. The responsible European and German bodies during this process were CEN/TC 261/SC 5/WG 14 “Test methods and test schedules” and NA 115-01-04 AA Anforderungen und Prfung

6、, respectively. Some of the figures include abbreviations of English terms. For a greater ease of understanding (for German speakers) these abbreviations are listed below, along with the full English term and the German translation. Figure(s) Abbreviation English German A.1, C.1 and D.1 CoG centre o

7、f gravity Schwerpunkt A.4 M motorways Autobahnen A.4 L long distance primary roads Fernstraen A.4 O other roads andere Straen A.4 I interconnecting roads Verbindungsstraen A.4 T town/suburb roads Innerort-/Vorortstraen A.4 U unpaved roads unbefestigte Straen A.4 C cross country offenes Gelnde A.4 c

8、concrete Beton A.4 a asphalt Asphalt A.4 s cobble stone gepflastert A.4 g gravel Schotter A.4 po pot hole Schlagloch A.4 tr train crossing Bahnbergang A.4 fr frost heave Frostaufbruch A.4 rj road surface joint Fugensto A.4 wi winding road kurvenreiche Strae A.4 dr dry road trockene Strae A.4 we wet

9、road nasse Strae A.4 ic icy road vereiste Strae A.4, B.4, C.5, D.4, E.2 hp high pass Hochpass A.4, B.4, C.5, D.4, E.2 lp low pass Tiefpass A.4, B.4, C.5, D.4, E.2 bp band pass Bandpass DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 3 Figure(s) Abbreviation English German D.4 H high speed track Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke D

10、.4 U track under construction Ausbaustrecke D.4 s solid surface feste Oberflche D.4 b ballast Schotter D.4 cr corrugation Riffelung D.4 tj track joints Fugenste D.4 td track deviation Streckenabweichung D.4 dr dry track trockene Strecke D.4 we wet track nasse Strecke D.4 ic iced track vereiste Strec

11、ke Amendments a) The European standard (EN) has been adopted as a DIN EN standard. b) Normative references have been updated. c) The standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN 30787-2: 2001-10 This standard differs from DIN 30787-2:2001-10 as follows: DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 4 This

12、page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15433-2December 2007ICS 43.160; 01.040.43English VersionTransportation loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamicmechanical loads - Part 2: Data acquisition and generalrequirements for measuring equipmentCharges de tran

13、sport - Mesurage et analyse des chargesdonnes et exigences gnrales pour lquipement demesureTransportbelastungen - Messen und Auswerten vonmechanisch-dynamischen Belastungen - Teil 2:Datenerfassung und allgemeine Anforderungen anMesseinrichtungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 Octobe

14、r 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained

15、 on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management C

16、entre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan

17、d, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any m

18、eans reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15433-2:2007: Emcaniques dynamiques - Partie 2: Acquisition des2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions. 5 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads 5 Annex A (no

19、rmative) Road transport (blank measuring report ). 9 Annex B (normative) In-plant transportation (measurement on the transportation means) blank measuring report . 20 Annex C (normative) Storage, handling and in-plant transportation blank measuring report 29 Annex D (normative) Rail transportation (

20、blank measuring report) 40 Annex E (normative) Sea transportation (blank measuring report) 51 Annex F (normative) Combined transportation. 58 Bibliography . 60 EN 15433-2:2007 (E) DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15433-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Com

21、mittee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the la

22、test by June 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organiza

23、tions of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roman

24、ia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 -2 EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This standard was originally prepared by working group NAVp-1.4, Requirements and Testing, of the German Standardization Institute (DIN). It is part of a complete n

25、ormative concept to acquire and describe the loads acting on goods and influencing them during transport, handling and storage. This standard becomes significant when related to the realisation of the European Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (Directive 94/62 EC, 20 December 1994). This di

26、rective specifies requirements on the avoidance or reduction of packaging waste, and requires that the amount of packaging material is adjusted to the expected transportation load, in order to protect the transportation item adequately. However, this presumes some knowledge of the transportation loa

27、ds occurring during shipment. At present, basic standards, based on scientifically confirmed values, which can adequately describe and characterize the magnitudes of transportation loads, especially in the domain of dynamic mechanical loads do not exist nationally or internationally. Reasons for thi

28、s are mainly the absence of published data, insufficient description of the measurements or restrictions on the dissemination of this information. This standard will enable the measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical transportation loads, thus enabling the achievement of standardized and ad

29、equately documented load values. This series of standards consists of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation Part 4: Data evaluation Part 5: Derivation of

30、test specifications Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports. DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements for the preparation, performance and documentation of transportation measurements.

31、 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15433-3, Transportatio

32、n loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation EN 15433-4, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 4: Data evaluation ISO 8002, Mechanical vibrations Land vehicles Method for reportin

33、g measured data 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 data acquisition acquisition of raw data by measuring the load-time function with the aid of a measuring device 3.2 measuring equipment measuring chain consisting of at least a s

34、ensor, signal conditioner, data recorder and data-storing device 3.3 source data time function of a viewed stress amplitude, e.g. acceleration, acquired with a measuring device, but without analysing same, e.g. by frequency analysis 3.4 measuring report documentation covering the particularities gai

35、ned during the acquisition of raw data 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads 4.1 General Measurements shall be performed independently of the transported item and performed at the site where the load is inserted into the cargo, i.e. as a rule on the cargo platform of the various t

36、ransportation vehicles. NOTE Exceptions are measurements during storage, handling, and in-plant transportation (see Annex C). 4.2 Fundamental requirements Dynamic mechanical loads shall whenever possible be acquired and recorded in an unbiased form as source data, i.e. without immediate processing,

37、such as frequency analysis. An immediate DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 6 processing during the measurement is only permissible when the source data is stored together with the measurement in a separate storage device in such a manner that it is left accessible for further examinations,

38、and if necessary for different processing procedures. NOTE 1 Due to various reasons, experience shows that the acquisition and data analysis of dynamic data can easily be subject to error. As a rule, errors in the analysis can be corrected by reanalysis, whereas errors occurring during data acquisit

39、ion often demand a costly repetition of the measurements. Separate storage of the raw data ensures that analysis errors or any other analysis procedures do not necessarily require new test drives. The selection of measuring systems and their specific parameters, e.g. frequency range, shall be done i

40、n such a way that the acquired raw data can be analysed universally and reused at any other time. A deliberate limitation of the measurement to a smaller measuring range than one that is possible with a justifiable technical effort can lead to faulty analysis and conclusions, and therefore shall be

41、avoided. The measuring system shall comply with the technical state of the art, the relevant specifications and technical rules, e.g. relating to calibration, and shall correspond with the aims of the measuring task. The engineering personnel performing the measurements shall have the necessary know

42、ledge to perform the measurements appropriately and plan and perform the measuring task carefully. All significant circumstances and technical parameters of the measurement are to be recorded in a measuring report (see 4.4). Deviations from this measuring report shall be justified. NOTE 2 Occasional

43、ly, after measurements have been performed, it is necessary to retrace the conditions that occurred during the data acquisition. Only a complete description of the measuring process, as required by the measuring report, enables the inspection and interpretation of the measurement. Otherwise, the mea

44、sured data can become invalid. Also, apparently unimportant information, (e.g. a detailed description of the vehicle type) used for the measurement can be of great importance for later interpretation of the measured data values. 4.3 Preparation of the measurement During the planning stage of the mea

45、surement, various aspects shall be considered, in particular the: intended utilisation of the data; selection of the sensors and their number; frequency and amplitude range of the measuring chain; number of measuring points, their spatial distribution and their axes of measurement; definition of the

46、 extent of this measurement, including the selection of the transportation routes and the required test time; consideration and estimation of possible error sources. NOTE In order to reduce expensive and time-consuming test drives to a minimum, careful planning of the measurements is necessary. Here

47、 one especially has to take into account the ratio between cost and profit, and to compare the total costs of a measuring program with the possible costs that an insufficient data acquisition can cause. Data validation and editing, as well as analysis of the measured data, shall be performed accordi

48、ng to EN 15433-3 and EN 15433-4, and the presentation of the analysed data shall comply with ISO 8002. 4.4 Measurement The measuring report for each transportation category is defined in a corresponding annex, as follows: DIN EN 15433-2:2008-02 EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 7 road transportation (Annex A); in

49、-plant transportation; measurements on the transportation means (Annex B); storage, handling and in-plant transportation; measurements in/on the packed item (Annex C); rail transportation (Annex D); sea transportation (Annex E); combined transportation (Annex F). 4.5 Measuring report 4.5.1 General The measuring report shall be set up in the form of a questionnaire in order to achieve uninterrupted, uniform and comparable data. The required statements are explained in 4.5.2 to 4.5.7. 4.5.2 Scope of