1、 One or more corrigenda exist with corrections to this document. These can be searched online and ordered free of charge at www.beuth.de May 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 21No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr
2、 Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.160.10!$phj“1776971www.din.deDDIN EN 15440Solid recovered fuels Methods for the determination of biomass contentEnglish translation of DIN EN 15440:2011-05Feste S
3、ekundrbrennstoffe Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an BiomasseEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15440:2011-05Combustibles solides de rcupration Mthode de dtermination de la teneur en biomasseTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15440:2011-05SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 15440:2007-02 andDIN CEN/TS 15747:2009-01w
4、ww.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.5905.11 DIN EN 15440:2011-05 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels” (Secreta
5、riat: SFS, Finland). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-83 AA Sekundrbrennstoffe. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in this document
6、 is as follows: ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 15440:2007-02 and DIN CEN/TS 15747:2009-01 as follows: a) the prestandard status has been changed to that of a full standard; b) Annex C (normative) “Determination of the biomass content based on the 14C metho
7、d” has been included (formerly DIN CEN/TS 15747:2009-01); c) the former Annex F (informative) “Determination of biomass content using reductionistic method” has been deleted; d) further terms and definitions have been included; e) requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratori
8、es have been included by normative reference to EN ISO/IEC 17025; f) figures have been revised/replaced and/or supplemented; g) the general structure of the standard has been rearranged; h) Annex F (informative) “Performance data” with results of interlaboratory tests has been included; i) the Bibli
9、ography has been updated; j) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15440: 2007-02 DIN CEN/TS 15747: 2009-01 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the
10、 determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15440 March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15440:2006, CEN/TS 15747:2008English Version Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of biomassco
11、ntent Combustibles solides de rcupration - Mthode de dtermination de la teneur en biomasse Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Biomasse This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
12、ions which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
13、 This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN
14、members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp
15、ain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
16、Members. Ref. No. EN 15440:2011: EEN 15440:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 85 Principle 86 Determination of biomass content .86.1 Sampling .86.2 Applicable methods .86.3 Selection of methods for
17、the determination of the biomass content .97 Calculation . 118 Expression of results . 128.1 Example for biomass carbon values 128.2 Performance characteristics . 129 Test report . 13Annex A (normative) Determination of biomass content using the selective dissolution method . 14Annex B (normative) D
18、etermination of biomass content using the manual sorting method 23Annex C (normative) Determination of the biomass content based on the 14C method 29Annex D (informative) Limitations of the determination methods 48Annex E (informative) Materials considered as CO2-neutral . 52Annex F (informative) Pe
19、rformance data . 53Bibliography . 56DIN EN 15440:2011-05 EN 15440:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15440:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national sta
20、ndard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15440:2006 and CEN/TS 15747:2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that so
21、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document differs from CEN/TS 15440:2006 mainly as follows: a) the method based on 14C and presented earlier in CEN/TS 15747:20
22、08 is added to the standard; b) results of interlaboratory tests supplemented as an informative Annex F; c) whole document editorially revised. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELE
23、C Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
24、 Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 15440:2011-05 EN 15440:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard specifies the methods for the determination of biomass content in solid recovered fuels.
25、 This European Standard specifies three normative methods that are: the method of selective dissolution, the manual sorting method and the method based on the 14C content. The method of selective dissolution is based on the reaction of biomass material with a mixture of sulphuric acid and hydrogen p
26、eroxide. The manual sorting method is based on the separation of different fractions by visual inspection. The determination of the biomass content using the 14C method is based on the well established analytical procedures that are used for the determination of the age of carbon containing objects.
27、 With this European Standard the fraction of biomass is expressed: by weight; by energy content (gross or net calorific value); by carbon content. This European Standard is primarily geared toward laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of solid recovered fuels, but is also useful for the
28、authorities and inspection organizations. DIN EN 15440:2011-05 EN 15440:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies three normative methods for the determination of the biomass fraction in solid recovered fuel, and when to use each method. The methods are the selective dissolution in a hydro
29、gen peroxide/sulphuric acid mixture, the manual sorting method and the method based on the 14C content. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
30、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 15400, Solid recovered fuels Determination of calorific value EN 15403, Solid recovered fuels Determination of ash content EN 154071), Solid
31、 recovered fuels Methods for the determination of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) content EN 154131), Solid recovered fuels Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory sample EN 15442, Solid recovered fuels Methods for sampling EN 15443, Solid recovered fuels Methods
32、 for the preparation of the laboratory sample CEN/TS 15414-1:2010, Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration labo
33、ratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 ash content inorganic mass remaining after complete combustion of a solid recovered fuel under specified conditions expressed as a pe
34、rcentage of the mass of the dry matter in the solid recovered fuel 3.2 biodegradable material capable of undergoing biological anaerobic or aerobic decomposition under conditions naturally occurring in the biosphere NOTE (Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of biodegradable waste; any waste
35、 that is capable of undergoing anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as food and garden waste, and paper and paperboard.) 1)To be published. DIN EN 15440:2011-05 EN 15440:2011 (E) 6 3.3 biogenic produced in natural processes by living organisms but not fossilized or derived from fossil resources
36、3.4 biomass2)NOTE 1 This term is defined in several Directives and Decisions. For the purpose of this European Standard the following are relevant: a) Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energ
37、y sources in the internal electricity market: biomass shall mean the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetable and animal substances) forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste. b) COMMIS
38、SION DECISION (2007/589/EC) of 18 July 2007 establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, as: biomass means non-fossilised and biodegradable organic material originating from plants
39、, animals and micro-organisms, including products, by-products, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry and related This term is defined in Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sou
40、rces in the internal electricity market. NOTE 2 Also see CEN/TR 14980. 3.5 calorific value energy amount per unit mass or volume released on complete combustion 3.6 gross calorific value measured value of the specific energy of combustion for unit mass of a solid recovered fuel burned in oxygen in c
41、alorimetric bomb under the conditions specified NOTE 1 The results of combustion are assumed to consist of gaseous oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, of liquid water (in equilibrium with its vapour) saturated with carbon dioxide under conditions of the bomb reaction, and of solid
42、ash, all at the reference temperature and at constant volume. NOTE 2 The old term for gross calorific value is higher heating value. 3.7 increment portion of solid recovered fuel extracted in a single operation of the sampling device 3.8 isotope abundance fraction of atoms of a particular isotope of
43、 an element 3.9 laboratory sample sample sent to or received by the laboratory NOTE 1 When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, mixing, grinding, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is requ
44、ired, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for analysis. NOTE 2 The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the labo
45、ratory. 2)No definition. DIN EN 15440:2011-05 EN 15440:2011 (E) 7 NOTE 3 Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and
46、 is documented as a single sample. 3.10 total moisture moisture in a solid recovered fuel removable under specific conditions NOTE The old term for total moisture is moisture content. 3.11 net calorific value calculated value of the specific energy of combustion for unit mass of a solid recovered fu
47、el burned in oxygen in calorimetric bomb under such conditions that all the water remains as water vapor at 0,1 MPa NOTE The old term for net calorific value is lower heating value. 3.12 nominal minimum size aperture size of the sieve used for determining the particle size distribution of solid reco
48、vered fuels through which no more than 5 % by mass of the material passes 3.13 nominal top size aperture size of the sieve used for determining the particle size distribution of solid recovered fuels through which at least 95 % by mass of the material passes 3.14 percentage modern Carbon (pmC) perce
49、nt modern carbon relative to the NIST Oxalic acid standard reference material SRM4990B NOTE 1 The internationally accepted radiocarbon dating reference value is 95 percent of the activity, in AD 1950, of this NBS oxalic acid SRM4990B. NOTE 2 In 2008 the value of 100 % biogenic carbon is set at 107 pmC. 3.15 sample quantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the property is to be determined 3.16 sample preparation all actions taken to obta
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