1、April 2014 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 26No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、23.040.60!%-A“2105730www.din.deDDIN EN 1591-1Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 1: Calculation;English version EN 1591-1:2013,English translation of DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04Flansche und ihre Verbindungen Regeln fr die Auslegung von Flanschverbindungen mi
3、t runden Flanschen und Dichtung Teil 1: Berechnung;Englische Fassung EN 1591-1:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04Brides et leurs assemblages Rgles de calcul des assemblages brides circulaires avec joint Partie 1: Mthode de calcul;Version anglaise EN 1591-1:2013,Traduction anglaise d
4、e DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04SupersedesDIN EN 1591-1:2011-08www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 78 pages03.14 DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 1591-1:2013) has been
5、 prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 74 “Flanges and their joints” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Rohrleitungen und Dampfkesselanlagen (Piping and Boiler Plant Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 082-00-16 AA Fla
6、nsche und ihre Verbindungen. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 1591-1:2011-08 as follows: a) the load ratio calculation for blind flanges has been corrected; b) spacers (washers) have been integrated; c) the calculation of the bolt load ratio has been modified; d) lateral forces and torsi
7、on moments applied on the bolted joint have been integrated; e) an alternative calculation method (more precise) for the determination of the gasket effective width (informative annex) has been integrated; f) the possibility to handle gasket creep/relaxation behaviour through additional deflection h
8、as been integrated; g) an informative annex concerning leakage rates conversions has been integrated; h) the possibility to check a bolted flange connection for a specified initial bolt load value has been inte-grated; i) the possibility to perform a calculation even when no tightness requirement is
9、 defined through basic gasket parameters (Annex G) has been integrated; j) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN 2506: 1927-01 DIN 2507: 1927-07 DIN 2505: 1964-10 DIN V 2505: 1986-01 DIN EN 1591-1: 2001-10, 2009-10, 2011-08 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM
10、 EN 1591-1December 2013 ICS 23.040.60 Supersedes EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009English Version Flanges and their joints - Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections - Part 1: Calculation Brides et leurs assemblages - Rgles de calcul des assemblages brides circulaires avec joint - Partie 1: Mthode
11、 de calcul Flansche und ihre Verbindungen - Regeln fr die Auslegung von Flanschverbindungen mit runden Flanschen und Dichtung - Teil 1: BerechnungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 October 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate t
12、he conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standar
13、d exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nation
14、al standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slova
15、kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means re
16、served worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1591-1:2013 E2 Contents Page Foreword 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Notation 7 3.1 Use of figures .7 3.2 Subscripts and special marks 7 3.2.1 Subscripts 7 3.2.2 Special marks .9 3.3 Symbols 9 3.4 Terminology 14 3.4.1 Flanges 14 3.4.2 Lo
17、ading 14 3.4.3 Load conditions 14 3.4.4 Compliances 14 4 Requirements for use of the calculation method 22 4.1 General . 22 4.2 Geometry . 22 4.3 Material 23 4.4 Loads . 23 5 Checking the assembly for a specified initial tightening bolt force (or torque) 23 6 Calculation parameters 24 6.1 General .
18、24 6.2 Flange parameters 24 6.2.1 General . 24 6.2.2 Flange ring . 25 6.2.3 Connected shell 26 6.2.4 Flexibility-related flange parameters 27 6.3 Bolt and washer parameters 28 6.3.1 General . 28 6.3.2 Effective cross-section area of bolts 28 6.3.3 Flexibility modulus of bolts . 28 6.3.4 Geometric pa
19、rameters for washers and contact surfaces . 28 6.3.5 Flexibility modulus of washers . 29 6.4 Gasket parameters . 29 6.4.1 General . 29 6.4.2 Theoretical dimensions 29 6.4.3 Effective dimensions 29 6.4.4 Axial flexibility modulus of gasket 30 6.4.5 Lever arms . 32 7 Forces 33 7.1 General . 33 7.2 App
20、lied loads 33 7.2.1 Assembly condition (I = 0) . 33 7.2.2 Subsequent conditions (I = 1, 2 ) . 33 7.3 Compliance of the joint 34 7.4 Minimum forces necessary for the gasket . 35 7.4.1 Assembly condition (I = 0) . 35 7.4.2 Subsequent conditions (I = 1, 2, .) 35 7.5 Internal forces in assembly conditio
21、n (I = 0) 35 7.5.1 Required forces . 35 DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04EN 1591-1:2013 (E)3 7.5.2 Accounting for bolt-load scatter at assembly 36 7.6 Internal forces in subsequent conditions (I = 1, 2, ) 37 8 Load limits 38 8.1 General . 38 8.2 Bolts 38 8.3 Gasket . 39 8.4 Integral flange and collar 39 8.5 Bla
22、nk flange . 41 8.6 Loose flange with collar 42 Annex A (informative) Dimensions of standard metric bolts . 43 Annex B (informative) Tightening . 44 B.1 Scatter of initial bolt load of a single bolt Indicative values 1-and 1+for a single bolt . 44 B.2 Scatter for the global load of all the bolts. 44
23、B.3 Manual uncontrolled tightening . 45 B.4 Assembly using torque wrench . 45 B.5 Assembly using bolt tensioner 46 Annex C (informative) Flange rotations 48 C.1 General . 48 C.2 Use of flange rotation 48 C.3 Calculation of flange rotations . 48 Annex D (informative) Use of the calculation method . 5
24、0 D.1 Calculation method principle . 50 D.2 Mechanical model 51 D.3 Required checks 52 D.4 Calculation sequence 52 Annex E (informative) Gasket/flange face friction coefficients examples 54 Annex F (normative) Determination of eGc,Ibased on a given PQR. 55 F.1 Determination of the deflection occurri
25、ng during a PQRtest 55 F.2 Determination of the deflection to be taken into account in the calculation 56 Annex G (informative) Sealing gasket parameter when no leakage rate is specified . 57 Annex H (informative) Alternative calculation procedure taking into account the plastic deformation of the g
26、asket in subsequent load conditions procedures (after assembly) 58 H.1 Introduction 58 H.2 Calculation procedure. 58 H.2.1 General description . 58 H.2.2 No additional plastic deformation . 59 H.2.3 Additional plastic deformation . 59 H.3 Flat gaskets 59 H.3.1 Flat gaskets with small or median defor
27、mations . 59 H.3.2 Flat gaskets with greater deformations 61 H.4 Metal gaskets with curved surfaces (Figures 3b, c, e, f ) 62 H.5 Metal gaskets with octagonal section (Figure 3d) . 62 Annex I (informative) Available, incomplete models for conversion of the leakage rates in different conditions (base
28、d on certain flow models) . 63 I.1 Introduction and warning . 63 I.2 Flow theory fundamentals 63 I.2.1 Transport modes . 63 I.2.2 Case of gases 64 I.2.3 Case of liquids: Parallel capillary model. 65 I.3 Factors of influence on the leakage rate of gaskets and gasketed joints . 65 I.3.1 List of identi
29、fied factors 65 I.3.2 Limits and restriction of the proposed models 65 I.3.3 Dependence on pressure . 66 I.3.4 Dependence on temperature 67 DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04EN 1591-1:2013 (E)4 I.3.5 Dependence on the type of fluid . 68 I.3.6 Influence of the gasket thickness . 68 I.3.7 Influence of gasket width
30、 . 69 I.3.8 Influence of gasket stress 69 I.3.9 Influence of other factors . 69 I.3.10 Conclusion on the factors of influence 70 I.4 Practical application for EN 1591-1 calculations . 70 I.4.1 General . 70 I.4.2 Determination of a trend for the leakage rate for the flange connection in “actual” from
31、 “reference” conditions . 71 I.4.3 Determination of a trend for the leakage rate for the flange connection in “reference” from “actual” conditions 72 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC . 74 Bibliography . 75 DIN
32、EN 1591-1:2014-04EN 1591-1:2013 (E)5 Foreword This document (EN 1591-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 74 “Flanges and their joints”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an id
33、entical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held res
34、ponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009. The major changes in comparison with the previous edition include: correction of load ratio calculation for blind flanges; integration of spacers (washers); modification of bolt load ratio calcul
35、ation; integration of lateral forces and torsion moments applied on the bolted joint; integration of an alternative calculation method (more precise) for the determination of the gasket effective width (informative annex); integration of the possibility to handle gasket creep/relaxation behaviour th
36、rough additional deflection; integration of an informative annex concerning leakage rates conversions; integration of the possibility to check a bolted flange connection for a specified initial bolt load value; integration of the possibility to perform a calculation even when no tightness requiremen
37、t is defined through basic gasket parameters (Annex G). This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Anne
38、x ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 1591 consists of several parts: EN 1591-1, Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 1: Calculation EN 1591-2, Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 2: Gasket
39、parameters CEN/TS 1591-3, Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 3: Calculation method for metal to metal contact type flanged joint EN 1591-4, Flanges and their joints Part 4: Qualification of personnel competency in the assembly of the bolted connection
40、s of critical service pressurized systems DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04EN 1591-1:2013 (E)6 CEN/TR 1591-5, Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 5: Calculation method for full face gasketed joints The calculation method satisfies both leak tightness and strength
41、criteria. The behaviour of the complete flanges-bolts-gasket system is considered. Parameters taken into account include not only basic ones such as: fluid pressure; material strength values of flanges, bolts and gaskets; gasket compression factors; nominal bolt load; but also: possible scatter due
42、to bolting up procedure; changes in gasket force due to deformation of all components of the joint; influence of connected shell or pipe; effect of external axial and lateral forces and torsion and bending moments; effect of temperature difference between bolts and flange ring. The use of this calcu
43、lation method is particularly useful for joints where the bolt load is monitored when bolting up. The greater the precision of this, the more benefit can be gained from application of the calculation method. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of t
44、he following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nether
45、lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 1591-1:2014-04EN 1591-1:2013 (E)7 1 Scope This European Standard defines a calculation method for bolted, gasketed, circular flange joints. Its purpose is to ensure structu
46、ral integrity and control of leak tightness. It uses gasket parameters based on definitions and test methods specified in EN 13555. The calculation method is not applicable to joints with a metallic contact out of the sealing face or to joints whose rigidity varies appreciably across gasket width. F
47、or gaskets in incompressible materials, which permit large deformations, the results given by the calculation method can be excessively conservative (i.e. required bolting load too high, allowable pressure of the fluid too low, required flange thickness too large, etc.). 2 Normative references The f
48、ollowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13555:200
49、4, Flanges and their joints Gasket parameters and test procedures relevant to the design rules for gasketed circular flange connections 3 Notation 3.1 Use of figures Figure 1 to Figure 14 illustrate the notation corresponding to the geometric parameters. They only show principles and are not intended to be practical designs. They do not illustrate all possible flange types for which the calculation method is val
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