1、December 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 35No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 91.010.30; 93.040!$lly“1737386www.din.deDDIN EN 1991-2Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges(includes Corrigendum AC:2010)English translation of DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke Teil 2: Verkehrslasten auf Brcken(enthlt Berichtigung AC:2010)En
3、glische bersetzung von DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12Eurocode 1: Actions sur les structures Partie 2: Actions sur les ponts, dues au trafic(Corrigendum AC:2010 inclus)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12SupersedesDIN EN 1991-2:2004-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises 166 pages In case of doubt, the Germ
4、an-language original shall be considered authoritative.0 .11 2DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body invo
5、lved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 005-57-03 AA Lastannahmen fr Brcken. EN 1991-2:2003 was approved by CEN on 28 November 2002. This European Standard is part of a series of standards dealing with struct
6、ural design (Eurocodes) which are intended to be used as a package. In Guidance Paper L on the application and use of Eurocodes, issued by the EU Commission, reference is made to compulsory transitional periods for the introduction of the Eurocodes in the member states. The transitional periods are
7、given in the Foreword of this standard. In Germany, this standard is to be applied in conjunction with the National Annex. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN and/or DKE shall not be held responsible for identifyin
8、g any or all such patent rights. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags . Amendments This standard differs from DIN V ENV 1991-3:1996-08 as follows: a) the prestandard status has been changed to that of a full standard; b) the standard has be
9、en brought in line with the state of the art; c) possible national deviations have been listed; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Compared with DIN EN 1991-2:2004-05, the following corrections have been made: a) this standard is the consolidated version of the previous 2003 edition with
10、Corrigendum AC:2010; b) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN V ENV 1991-3: 1996-08 DIN EN 1991-2: 2004-05 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1991-2 September 2003 + AC February 2010 English version Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads
11、on bridges Eurocode 1: Actions sur les structures Partie 2: Actions sur les ponts, dues au trafic Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke Teil 2: Verkehrslasten auf Brcken EN 1991-2:2002 was approved by CEN on 2002-11-28 and Corrigendum AC:2010 on 2010-02-17. CEN members are bound to comply with the
12、CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to
13、 any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. C
14、EN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
15、 Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nationa
16、l Members. Ref. No. EN 1991-2:2003 + AC:2010 EICS 91.010.30; 93.040 Supersedes ENV 1991-3:1995ContentsFOREWORD.7BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME7STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES .8NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES 9LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND HARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIO
17、NS (ENS ANDETAS) FOR PRODUCTS .9ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EN 1991-29NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN 1991-211SECTION 1 GENERAL .151.1 SCOPE 151.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.161.3 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES 161.4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS171.4.1 Harmonised terms and common definitions.1
18、71.4.2 Terms and definitions specifically for road bridges 191.4.3 Terms and definitions specifically for railway bridges201.5 SYMBOLS .211.5.1 Common symbols .211.5.2 Symbols specifically for sections 4 and 5.211.5.3 Symbols specifically for section 6 23SECTION 2 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS.272.1 GEN
19、ERAL .272.2 VARIABLE ACTIONS272.3 ACTIONS FOR ACCIDENTAL DESIGN SITUATIONS.28SECTION 3 DESIGN SITUATIONS30SECTION 4 ROAD TRAFFIC ACTIONS AND OTHER ACTIONSSPECIFICALLY FOR ROAD BRIDGES314.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION .314.2 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS .314.2.1 Models of road traffic loads.314.2.2 Loading cla
20、sses 324.2.3 Divisions of the carriageway into notional lanes 324.2.4 Location and numbering of the lanes for design334.2.5 Application of the load models on the individual lanes .344.3 VERTICAL LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES .354.3.1 General and associated design situations354.3.2 Load Model 1 .354.
21、3.3 Load Model 2 .384.3.4 Load Model 3 (special vehicles).394.3.5 Load Model 4 (crowd loading).394.3.6 Dispersal of concentrated loads.404.4 HORIZONTAL FORCES - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES .414.4.1 Braking and acceleration forces 41EN 1991-2:2003 + AC:2010 (E) DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12 2 4.4.2 Centrifugal and
22、 other transverse forces 424.5 GROUPS OF TRAFFIC LOADS ON ROAD BRIDGES 424.5.1 Characteristic values of the multi-component action 424.5.2 Other representative values of the multi-component action 444.5.3 Groups of loads in transient design situations.444.6 FATIGUE LOAD MODELS .454.6.1 General.454.6
23、.2 Fatigue Load Model 1 (similar to LM1) 484.6.3 Fatigue Load Model 2 (set of “frequent“ lorries) 484.6.4 Fatigue Load Model 3 (single vehicle model)494.6.5 Fatigue Load Model 4 (set of “standard“ lorries) .504.6.6 Fatigue Load Model 5 (based on recorded road traffic data).534.7 ACTIONS FOR ACCIDENT
24、AL DESIGN SITUATIONS.534.7.1 General.534.7.2 Collision forces from vehicles under the bridge 534.7.2.1 Collision forces on piers and other supporting members534.7.2.2 Collision forces on decks 534.7.3 Actions from vehicles on the bridge .544.7.3.1 Vehicle on footways and cycle tracks on road bridges
25、 .544.7.3.2 Collision forces on kerbs.554.7.3.3 Collision forces on vehicle restraint systems 554.7.3.4 Collision forces on structural members.564.8 ACTIONS ON PEDESTRIAN PARAPETS 564.9 LOAD MODELS FOR ABUTMENTS AND WALLS ADJACENT TO BRIDGES.574.9.1 Vertical loads .574.9.2 Horizontal force .57SECTIO
26、N 5 ACTIONS ON FOOTWAYS, CYCLE TRACKS ANDFOOTBRIDGES .595.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION .595.2 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS .595.2.1 Models of the loads 595.2.2 Loading classes 605.2.3 Application of the load models.605.3 STATIC MODELS FOR VERTICAL LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES .605.3.1 General.605.3.2 Load M
27、odels.615.3.2.1 Uniformly distributed load615.3.2.2 Concentrated load615.3.2.3 Service vehicle 625.4 STATIC MODEL FOR HORIZONTAL FORCES - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES 625.5 GROUPS OF TRAFFIC LOADS ON FOOTBRIDGES625.6 ACTIONS FOR ACCIDENTAL DESIGN SITUATIONS FOR FOOTBRIDGES .635.6.1 General.635.6.2 Collisio
28、n forces from road vehicles under the bridge635.6.2.1 Collision forces on piers635.6.2.2 Collision forces on decks 645.6.3 Accidental presence of vehicles on the bridge .645.7 DYNAMIC MODELS OF PEDESTRIAN LOADS.655.8 ACTIONS ON PARAPETS.65EN 1991-2:2003 + AC:2010 (E) DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12 3 5.9 LOAD
29、 MODEL FOR ABUTMENTS AND WALLS ADJACENT TO BRIDGES.65SECTION 6 RAIL TRAFFIC ACTIONS AND OTHER ACTIONSSPECIFICALLY FOR RAILWAY BRIDGES666.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION .666.2 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS NATURE OF RAIL TRAFFIC LOADS 676.3 VERTICAL LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES (STATIC EFFECTS) AND ECCENTRICITY
30、AND DISTRIBUTION OF LOADING.676.3.1 General.676.3.2 Load Model 71 .676.3.3 Load Models SW/0 and SW/2.686.3.4 Load Model “unloaded train” .696.3.5 Eccentricity of vertical loads (Load Models 71 and SW/0) .696.3.6 Distribution of axle loads by the rails, sleepers and ballast706.3.6.1 Longitudinal dist
31、ribution of a point force or wheel load by the rail .706.3.6.2 Longitudinal distribution of load by sleepers and ballast .716.3.6.3 Transverse distribution of actions by the sleepers and ballast 716.3.6.4 Equivalent vertical loading for earthworks and earth pressure effects .736.3.7 Actions for non-
32、public footpaths746.4 DYNAMIC EFFECTS (INCLUDING RESONANCE) 746.4.1 Introduction746.4.2 Factors influencing dynamic behaviour.746.4.3 General design rules 756.4.4 Requirement for a static or dynamic analysis756.4.5 Dynamic factor G01 (G012, G013) 786.4.5.1 Field of application .786.4.5.2 Definition
33、of the dynamic factor G01.786.4.5.3 Determinant length LG01796.4.5.4 Reduced dynamic effects 826.4.6 Requirements for a dynamic analysis 836.4.6.1 Loading and load combinations 836.4.6.2 Speeds to be considered 876.4.6.3 Bridge parameters .886.4.6.4 Modelling the excitation and dynamic behaviour of
34、the structure896.4.6.5 Verifications of the limit states .916.4.6.6 Additional verification for fatigue where dynamic analysis is required .926.5 HORIZONTAL FORCES - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES936.5.1 Centrifugal forces.936.5.2 Nosing force .976.5.3 Actions due to traction and braking.976.5.4 Combined res
35、ponse of structure and track to variable actions .986.5.4.1 General principles .986.5.4.2 Parameters affecting the combined response of the structure and track .996.5.4.3 Actions to be considered .1016.5.4.4 Modelling and calculation of the combined track/structure system1026.5.4.5 Design criteria .
36、1046.5.4.6 Calculation methods1056.6 AERODYNAMIC ACTIONS FROM PASSING TRAINS 1086.6.1 General.1086.6.2 Simple vertical surfaces parallel to the track (e.g. noise barriers)109EN 1991-2:2003 + AC:2010 (E) DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12 4 6.6.3 Simple horizontal surfaces above the track (e.g. overhead protectiv
37、estructures)1106.6.4 Simple horizontal surfaces adjacent to the track (e.g. platform canopies withno vertical wall) 1116.6.5 Multiple-surface structures alongside the track with vertical and horizontalor inclined surfaces (e.g. bent noise barriers, platform canopies with vertical wallsetc.)1126.6.6
38、Surfaces enclosing the structure gauge of the tracks over a limited length (upto 20 m) (horizontal surface above the tracks and at least one vertical wall, e.g.scaffolding, temporary constructions).1126.7 DERAILMENT AND OTHER ACTIONS FOR RAILWAY BRIDGES .1136.7.1 Derailment actions from rail traffic
39、 on a railway bridge 1136.7.2 Derailment under or adjacent to a structure and other actions for AccidentalDesign Situations 1156.7.3 Other actions1156.8 APPLICATION OF TRAFFIC LOADS ON RAILWAY BRIDGES 1156.8.1 General.1156.8.2 Groups of Loads - Characteristic values of the multicomponent action .118
40、6.8.3 Groups of Loads - Other representative values of the multicomponent actions.1206.8.3.1 Frequent values of the multicomponent actions1206.8.3.2 Quasi-permanent values of the multicomponent actions 1216.8.4 Traffic loads in Transient Design Situations .1216.9 TRAFFIC LOADS FOR FATIGUE.121ANNEX A
41、 (INFORMATIVE) MODELS OF SPECIAL VEHICLES FOR ROADBRIDGES.123A.1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION123A.2 BASIC MODELS OF SPECIAL VEHICLES123A.3 APPLICATION OF SPECIAL VEHICLE LOAD MODELS ON THE CARRIAGEWAY125ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) FATIGUE LIFE ASSESSMENT FOR ROADBRIDGES ASSESSMENT METHOD BASED ON RECORD
42、ED TRAFFIC 128ANNEX C (NORMATIVE) DYNAMIC FACTORS 1 + G02 FOR REAL TRAINS.132ANNEX D (NORMATIVE) BASIS FOR THE FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OFRAILWAY STRUCTURES .134D.1 ASSUMPTIONS FOR FATIGUE ACTIONS134D.2 GENERAL DESIGN METHOD135D.3 TRAIN TYPES FOR FATIGUE 135ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) LIMITS OF VALIDITY OF LOAD
43、 MODELHSLM AND THE SELECTION OF THE CRITICAL UNIVERSAL TRAINFROM HSLM-A141E.1 LIMITS OF VALIDITY OF LOAD MODEL HSLM.141E.2 SELECTION OF A UNIVERSAL TRAIN FROM HSLM-A.142ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) CRITERIA TO BE SATISFIED IF A DYNAMICANALYSIS IS NOT REQUIRED150EN 1991-2:2003 + AC:2010 (E) DIN EN 1991-2:20
44、10-12 5 ANNEX G (INFORMATIVE) METHOD FOR DETERMINING THECOMBINED RESPONSE OF A STRUCTURE AND TRACK TO VARIABLEACTIONS.155G.1 INTRODUCTION155G.2 LIMITS OF VALIDITY OF CALCULATION METHOD155G.3 STRUCTURES CONSISTING OF A SINGLE BRIDGE DECK156G.4 STRUCTURES CONSISTING OF A SUCCESSION OF DECKS162ANNEX H
45、(INFORMATIVE) LOAD MODELS FOR RAIL TRAFFIC LOADS INTRANSIENT DESIGN SITUATIONS .164EN 1991-2:2003 + AC:2010 (E) DIN EN 1991-2:2010-12 6 Background of the Eurocode ProgrammeIn 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programmein the field of construction, based on article 9
46、5 of the Treaty. The objective of theprogramme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation oftechnical specifications.Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set ofharmonised technical rules for the design of construction works wh
47、ich, in a first stage,would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and,ultimately, would replace them.For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee withRepresentatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodesprogramm
48、e, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on thebasis of an agreement1between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparationand the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandate
49、s, in order toprovide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto theEurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or CommissionsDecisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC onconstruction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated inpursuit of setting up the internal market).Foreword 1Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee fo
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