1、September 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
2、ICS 91.060.10; 91.080.20!$tTU“1814950www.din.deDDIN EN 594Timber structures Test methods Racking strength and stiffness of timber frame wall panelsEnglish translation of DIN EN 594:2011-09Holzbauwerke Prfverfahren Wandscheiben-Tragfhigkeit und -Steifigkeit von Wandelementen in HolztafelbauartEnglisc
3、he bersetzung von DIN EN 594:2011-09Structures en bois Mthodes dessai Essai de raideur et rsistance au contreventement des murs ossature en boisTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 594:2011-09SupersedesDIN EN 594:1996-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shal
4、l be considered authoritative.1908.11 DIN EN 594:2011-09 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normen
5、ausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 005-04-01 AA Holzbau (SpA zu CEN/TC 124, CEN/TC 250/SC 5). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 594:1996-07 as follows: a) the scope of the standard has been extended to include more types of panels
6、; b) a NOTE has been included in Clause 1 “Scope”; c) Clause 5 “Requirements for test panels” has been extended; d) Subclause 6.3 “Base and loading frame” has been extended and reformatted; e) the previous Figure 3a has been deleted; f) the remaining figures have been modified so as to be linguistic
7、ally neutral; g) the test report has been changed to allow a more straightforward comparison between results of different panels; h) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN 594: 1996-07 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 594 June 2011 ICS 91.060.10; 91
8、.080.20 Supersedes EN 594:1995English Version Timber structures - Test methods - Racking strength and stiffness of timber frame wall panels Structures en bois - Mthodes dessai - Essai de raideur et rsistance au contreventement des murs ossature en bois Holzbauwerke - Prfverfahren - Wandscheiben-Trag
9、fhigkeit und -Steifigkeit von Wandelementen in Holztafelbauart This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard witho
10、ut any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other l
11、anguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den
12、mark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALIS
13、ATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 594:2011: EEN 594:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43
14、Terms and definitions .44 Symbols 55 Requirements for test panels .56 Test method 56.1 Principle 56.2 Apparatus .66.3 Base and loading frame 76.3.1 General 76.3.2 Mounting of test panel 76.3.3 Preparation of the specimens 86.4 Procedure .86.4.1 General 86.4.2 Stabilizing load cycle . 116.4.3 Strengt
15、h test 116.4.4 Moisture content and density 116.5 Expression of the results . 116.6 Test report . 12Annex A (normative) The testing of units of dimensions other than 2,4 m 2,4 m 14A.1 General . 14A.2 Requirements for panels 14A.3 Apparatus 14A.4 Procedure 15A.5 Test report . 15DIN EN 594:2011-09 EN
16、594:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 594:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsemen
17、t, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identify
18、ing any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 594:1995. The changes compared to the previous version are: 1) the test standard opened the scope for more types of panels; 2) the test protocol is changed to allow a more straight forward comparison between results of different panels.
19、According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland
20、, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 594:2011-09 EN 594:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the test method to be used in determining the racking st
21、rength and stiffness of timber frame wall panels. The test method is intended primarily for panels as described, to provide: comparative performance values for the materials used in the manufacture of the panels, and data information for use in structural design. The principle of the test method is
22、suited to other sizes and shapes of panels and to other methods of hold down as well as panels which are partially sheathed and to combinations of panels. NOTE The method is detailed for a general situation where the client for the test knows the materials to be used in the construction, which may c
23、over a range of different panels and walls and therefore wishes to test a standard configuration of panel. Where specific details are fixed they may be incorporated into the test but any additions or changes to the standard configuration are indicated in the test report and, later, can lead to limit
24、ations on the use of the test data. 2 Normative references EN 322, Wood-based panels Determination of moisture content EN 323, Wood-based panels Determination of density EN 14358, Timber structures Calculation of the characteristic 5-percentile values and acceptance criteria for a sample ISO 3130, W
25、ood Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests ISO 3131, Wood Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 timber frame wall panel structural wall panel con
26、sisting of timber framing with sheathing material fixed to one or both faces and are referred to herein as panels 3.2 head binder piece of timber fixed to the top of the panel for test purposes 3.3 packer piece of timber fixed to the base of the test rig for test purposes 3.4 racking strength capaci
27、ty of a panel to resist a horizontal load in the plane of the panel 3.5 racking stiffness calculated stiffness of a panel when it is loaded to approximately 40 % of its racking strength DIN EN 594:2011-09 EN 594:2011 (E) 5 4 Symbols F applied racking load, in newtons; Fmaxmaximum racking load, in ne
28、wtons; Fmax,estestimated maximum racking load, in newtons; Fvapplied vertical load, in newtons; R racking stiffness, in newtons per millimetre; panel deformation, in millimetre. 5 Requirements for test panels The dimensions of panels shall be as given in Figure 1. The requirements for other panel si
29、zes and shapes and their testing are given in Annex A. The edges of all sheathing materials shall be fixed or partly fixed. Frame fixings should be those used in practice but where this is not known, two 3,87 mm diameter nails of any type with adequate pointside penetration should be used at each ra
30、il to stud joint. Frame material should be that recommended for use in practice. Care should be taken to use timber of a quality no better than could be expected in practice. Special care should be taken to ensure that the bottom rail and centre stud timbers (and leading stud if a holding down restr
31、aint is attached) are not above average for the timbers used in the tests. The specification of the timber should follow that used in practice but where this is not known C16 timber with a nominal size of 90 mm 40 mm is recommended. NOTE 1 2,4 m is the recommended height of the panel if the height t
32、o be used in practice is not known or can vary. The test method is appropriate for panel heights between 2,1 m and 3,0 m. NOTE 2 If the sheathing is unsuitable for joining two sheets on a single stud, that stud may be replaced by two studs adequately connected along their length. Gaps between sheets
33、 should be typical of that used in practice. Where this is unknown a 3 mm gap is recommended. The standard configuration is for studs at nominal 600 mm centres. NOTE 3 The number, location and orientation of intermediate studs are not critical to the test panel, and should reflect the normal constru
34、ction practice except with relation to vertical load. If the construction requires the sheets to be laid with the long edge horizontal, the vertical joint shown in Figure 1 can be replaced by a mid height horizontal joint. The sheathing to one face of the panel will normally consist of two sheets ap
35、proximately 1,2 m 2,4 m. Where other sizes of sheet are used in practice they may be substituted and suit the size of the timber frame. NOTE 4 Test panels may include sheathing on both faces of the panel or more than one layer of sheathing on one face if required by construction practice and if all
36、sheets are considered to contribute to the racking strength or stiffness. The position and spacing of fixings shall be consistent and follow the specification for the panel. NOTE 5 Sheathing thickness, sheathing fixings and their spacing are all related directly to test performance. Variation from s
37、pecification can limit the use of the test results. 6 Test method 6.1 Principle The test method measures the resistance to racking load of panels which can deform both vertically and horizontally in the plane of the panel. DIN EN 594:2011-09 EN 594:2011 (E) 6 In this test method, the panel is either
38、 fixed to the test rig in the same manner as that used in practice or, if the site fixing arrangement is unknown, the bottom rail of the panel is bolted (or similar) to the test rig and uplift is resisted by the sheathing fixings and also by the vertical loads on the top rail of the panel or holding
39、 down restraints. NOTE 1 Different panels should be tested for each condition of vertical load (see 6.4.2 and 6.4.3). Normally, it is sufficient to test the maximum and minimum conditions of vertical load appropriate to the design of the panel. NOTE 2 The number of panels tested will depend on the v
40、ariability in materials and manufacture, the required level of confidence and the number of loading conditions to be applied. Wherever possible more than three panels of the same design and loading regime should be tested to permit the assessment of the likely variability in performance. 6.2 Apparat
41、us The test apparatus shall be as shown in Figure 3, and shall be capable of applying separately both racking load F and vertical load Fv. The method of application of loads shall be such that no significant resistance to the in plane racking deformation of the panel is induced. The apparatus shall
42、be capable of continuously recording the loads F and Fvwith an accuracy of 3 % of the load applied, or, for loads of less than 0,1 Fmaxwith an accuracy of 0,3 % Fmax. The panel displacements shall be measured to the nearest 0,1 mm. DIN EN 594:2011-09 EN 594:2011 (E) 7 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1
43、 top rail 2 trailing stud 3 centre stud 4 intermediate studs 5 two 1 200 mm wide sheets joined on centre stud 6 leading stud 7 bottom rail Figure 1 Details of test panel 6.3 Base and loading frame 6.3.1 General The base of the test rig shall provide a level bed to receive the test panel and packer.
44、The base shall be sufficiently stiff so as not to distort during the test. A rigid point reference (independent of the test rig) shall be provided for the measurement of the deformation of the panel. 6.3.2 Mounting of test panel The panel should be mounted on a packer and secured through the packer
45、to the base of the test rig in such a way that the base fixing detail models that used in practice. Where the site fixing is unknown or may vary in practice, the bottom rail may be fixed in a manner so as to restrain the bottom rail from sliding, rotating and cupping under uplift forces in order to
46、provide an upper bound datum such that the maximum racking capacity of the panel and its components can be tested. DIN EN 594:2011-09 EN 594:2011 (E) 8 Figure 2 details a typical example using holding down bolts or other fixings with equivalent performance. The bolts are normally used with large was
47、hers (75 mm diameter or equivalent is recommended for use with 90 mm wide framing timber) and shall be tightened until the washers start to embed in the bottom rail of the panel. Other forms of fixing may also be used to obtain a similar degree of restraint but shall not prevent rotation of the boar
48、ds or framing members other than the bottom rail unless similar restraints can be guaranteed in practice. Where washers are not appropriate the fixings may be increased to provide equivalent resistance and spread across the width of the rail if necessary to reduce cupping forces. The cross-sectional
49、 dimensions and position of the packer shall be such as to provide a firm base to the panel and to allow the free movement of the panel sheathing during the test. The head binder shall be rigidly attached to the top rail of the panel, Figure 3. The cross-sectional dimensions and position shall be such as to provide a firm interface between the loads and the panel and to allow the free movement of the panel sheathing during the test. Lateral restraints shall be provided through the h
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