DIN EN 894-2-2009 Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 2 Displays(includes Amendment A1 2008) English version of DI.pdf

1、February 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 13No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.110; 13.180!$Uzi“1

2、508770www.din.deDDIN EN 894-2Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and controlactuators Part 2: Displays (includes Amendment A1:2008)English version of DIN EN 894-2:2009-02Sicherheit von Maschinen Ergonomische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von Anzeigen und Stelltei

3、len Teil 2: Anzeigen (enthlt nderung A1:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN 894-2:2009-02SupersedesDIN EN 894-2:1997-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 24 pagesDIN EN 894-2:2009-02 2 Start of validity This standard takes effect on 1 February 2009. DIN EN 894-2:1997-04 may be used in parallel until 28 Decemb

4、er 2009. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements within the meaning of the Gerte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG) (German Equipment and Product Safety Act) and in connection with European legislation (EC Machinery Directive), which has been implemented by national legislatio

5、n. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in connection with the amended EC Machinery Directive. The responsible German bodies involved in its preparation were the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee) and the N

6、ormenausschuss Informationstechnik und Anwendungen (Information Technology and selected IT Applications Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee NA 023-00-04 GA Ergonomie fr Informationsverarbeitungssysteme. This standard contains specifications meeting the essential requirements set out in A

7、nnex I of the “Machinery Directive”, Directive 98/37/EC (valid until 28 December 2009), and the “revised Machinery Directive”, Directive 2006/42/EC, which takes effect on 29 December 2009, and which apply to machines that are either first placed on the market or commissioned within the EEA. This sta

8、ndard serves to facilitate proof of compliance with the essential requirements of the directives. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, it is deemed a “harmonized” standard and thus, a manufacturer applying this standard may assume compliance with the requirement

9、s of the Machinery Directive (“presumption of conformity”). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 894-2:1997-04 as follows: a) Annex ZA (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC” has been revised. b) Annex ZB (informativ

10、e) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC” has been added. Previous editions DIN 33413-1: 1984-06 DIN EN 894-2: 1997-04 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 894-2:1997+A1 October 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.180 English Version S

11、afety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 2: Displays Scurit des machines - Spcifications ergonomiques pour la conception des dispositifs de signalisation et des organes de service - Partie 2: Dispositifs de signalisation Sicherheit von Masc

12、hinen - Ergonomische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von Anzeigen und Stellteilen -Teil 2: Anzeigen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 January 1997 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which

13、 stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Sta

14、ndard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national s

15、tandards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United

16、 Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T E U R O P E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP IS C HES KOM ITEE FR NOR M UN G Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Mem

17、bers. Ref. No. EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008: E EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Definitions 4 4 Visual displays.5 4.1 Requirements for detection of visual displays.6 4.1.1 Positioning the display .6 4.1.2 Functional relationships betwe

18、en the display and the operator 7 4.1.3 Environmental factors.7 4.1.4 Other conditions to observe for facilitating signal detection .8 4.2 Requirements for identification of visual displays 8 4.2.1 Symbols used for displays .8 4.2.2 Digital displays.10 4.2.3 Analogue displays .10 4.2.4 Choice of sca

19、les for analogue displays 11 4.2.5 Choice of displays in relation to different types of tasks14 4.2.6 Grouping displays .15 4.3 Requirements for interpretation of visual displays16 5 Auditory displays.16 5.1 Requirements for detection of auditory displays.17 5.2 Requirements for identification of au

20、ditory displays 17 5.3 Requirements for interpretation of auditory displays17 6 Tactile displays 18 6.1 Requirements for detection of tactile displays.18 6.2 Requirements for identification of tactile displays 18 6.3 Requirements for interpretation of tactile displays .18 Annex A (informative) Shape

21、 of digits 20 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“.21 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.22 DIN EN

22、894-2:2009-02 EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an ide

23、ntical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-14. This document supersedes EN 894-2:1997. The start and finish of text introduced or alte

24、red by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “ This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informat

25、ive Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, F

26、inland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 894-2:2009-02 EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction This standard has

27、been prepared to be a harmonised standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. 1 Scope This European Standard gives guidance on the selection, design and location of displays to avoid potential ergonomic hazards associated with their use. It specifies ergonomics r

28、equirements and covers visual, audible and tactile displays. It applies to displays used in machinery (e.g. devices and installations, control panels, operating and monitoring consoles) for occupational and private use. Specific ergonomics requirements for visual display terminals (VDTs) used for of

29、fice tasks are given in the standard EN ISO 9241. 2 Normative references This European standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For da

30、ted references subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts,

31、 general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 457, Safety of machinery Auditory danger signals General requirements, design and testing (ISO

32、7731). EN 614-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomics design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles. EN ISO 9241, Ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs). EN 61310-1, Safety of machinery Indication, marking and actuation Part 1: Requirements for visual,

33、auditory and tactile signals (IEC 1310-1). EN 61310-2, Safety of machinery Indication, marking and actuation Part 2: Requirements for marking (IEC 1310-2). 3 Definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 operator the person or persons given the task of

34、installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or transporting machinery EN 292-1 DIN EN 894-2:2009-02 EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008 (E) 5 3.2 work task an activity or activities required to achieve an intended outcome of the work system EN 614-1 3.3 work equipment machinery, tools, vehi

35、cles, devices, furniture, installations and other components used in the work system EN 614-1 3.4 signal stimulus related to the status, or change in status, of work equipment which has a potential effect on the senses of an operator. This European Standard describes signals which may be detected by

36、 the eyes (from visual displays), the ears (from auditory displays), or from the skin (tactile displays) 3.5 display device for presenting information that can change with the aim of making things visible, audible or discriminable by touch (tactile) 3.6 digital display display in which the informati

37、on is shown in numerical code 3.7 alphanumeric display display in which the information is shown as a combination of digits and letters. 3.8 analogue display display in which the status information is shown as a function of length, angle or other dimension. In the case of visual displays, the inform

38、ation may be shown as a function of pointer deflection, length of a bar graph, or similar visual quantity. In the case of auditory displays, information may be transmitted as a function of pitch or loudness. In the case of tactile displays, the information may be transmitted as a function of the dis

39、plays vibration (frequency or amplitude), or of the displays displacement. 3.9 symbols letters, digits, pictorial representations, or combinations of these, used for labelling a displays graduations, or as a means of identifying the display itself. 3.10 perception psychophysiological process occurri

40、ng in the central nervous system, the product of which is knowledge about the environment. Perception is a dynamic process and is not determined merely by the parameters of the signals which initiated it. As a consequence, it is possible that the information obtained may be incomplete, uncertain, or

41、 incorrect. Knowledge may be based on one or more of the following levels of perception: detection, identification, and interpretation. Detection is the perceptual process by which the operator becomes aware of the mere presence of a signal. Identification is the perceptual process by which the dete

42、cted signal is distinguished from other signals. Interpretation is the combination of perceptual and cognitive processes by which the contents and significance of the identified signal are recognised. 4 Visual displays Visual displays can be used to transmit large quantities of information to the op

43、erator, in a variety of ways. DIN EN 894-2:2009-02 EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008 (E) 6 4.1 Requirements for detection of visual displays 4.1.1 Positioning the display The physiological and functional requirements of the operator and the unobstructed lines of sight available during task performance determine

44、 the positioning of the visual display relative to the operator. The size of the operators visual field is limited, which in turn limits the number of displays which can be attended to at any one time. Two different types of visual task are distinguished: detection tasks and monitoring tasks. Detect

45、ion tasks are those where the operator has to be alerted by the system, monitoring tasks are those in which the operator actively seeks information. Three zones of decreasing efficiency for visual signal detection are identified for both detection and monitoring tasks as “Recommended“, “Acceptable“

46、and “Not suitable“ (see Table 1). The centre-lines of the “Recommended“ and “Acceptable“ zones lie in the median plane and correspond with the line of sight, as shown in figures 1 and 2. In the detection task the line of sight depends on the main centre of attention. For monitoring tasks displays ma

47、y be positioned around a line of sight that is at an angle below the horizontal which is known to be more comfortable for the operator. The angles presented in these figures are general ergonomic recommendations; it is assumed that the operator has normal vision, and is able to maintain a relaxed an

48、d stable (preferably seated) position, close to the displays. Table 1 Levels of suitability Level of suitability Significance A: Recommended This zone shall be used wherever possible B: Acceptable This zone may be used if the recommended zone cannot be used C: Not suitable This zone should not be ch

49、osen Vertical field of vision for detection Horizontal field of vision for detection Legend: S: Line of sight, direction is imposed by external task requirements Figure 1 Detection tasks DIN EN 894-2:2009-02 EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008 (E) 7 Vertical field of vision for monitoring Horizontal field of vision for monitoring Legend: SN: Normal line of sight, 15 to 30 below the horizontal Figure 2 Monitoring tasks Visual displays shall not be positioned outside the “Recommended“ and “Acceptable“ zones unless appropriate aids have been provided