1、April 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 15No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、17.180.20; 17.240!%#vT“2008349www.din.deDDIN EN 16237Classification of non-electrical sources of incoherent optical radiation;English version EN 16237:2013,English translation of DIN EN 16237:2013-04Klassifizierung nicht elektrisch betriebener Quellen inkohrenter optischer Strahlung;Englische Fassun
3、g EN 16237:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16237:2013-04Classification des sources non lectriques de rayonnement optique incohrent;Version anglaise EN 16237:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16237:2013-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 31 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shal
4、l be considered authoritative.04.13DIN EN 16237:2013-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16237:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparati
5、on was the Normenausschuss Lichttechnik (Lighting Technology Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 058-00-07 AA Strahlenkunde. The European Standards referred to in this document have been published as DIN EN or DIN EN ISO Standards with the same number. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPI
6、SCHE NORM EN 16237 January 2013 ICS 17.180.20; 17.240 English Version Classification of non-electrical sources of incoherent optical radiation Classification des sources non lectriques de rayonnement optique incohrent Klassifizierung nicht elektrisch betriebener Quellen inkohrenter optischer Strahlu
7、ng This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
8、references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of
9、a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace
10、donia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUR
11、OPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16237:2013: EContents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 T
12、erms and definitions 6 4 Classification 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Emission classes . 10 4.2.1 General . 10 4.2.2 UV-emissions potentially causing eye and skin hazards . 12 4.2.3 UV- and visible emissions potentially causing blue-light hazard 12 4.2.4 Visible and IR-emissions potentially causing retina
13、l thermal hazard 13 4.2.5 Visible and IR-emissions potentially causing cornea and lens hazards and skin burning hazard . 13 4.3 Additional information for class 6 emissions . 14 4.4 Procedures for the classification for non-constant radiation emissions 14 4.4.1 UV-emissions potentially causing eye a
14、nd skin hazards . 14 4.4.2 UV- and visible emissions potentially causing blue-light hazard 14 4.4.3 Visible and IR-emissions potentially causing retinal thermal hazard 15 4.4.4 Visible and IR-emissions potentially causing cornea and lens hazards and skin burning hazard . 15 5 Procedures for determin
15、ing optical radiation emissions . 15 5.1 General . 15 5.2 Physical quantities . 15 5.3 Measurement methods . 15 5.3.1 Selection of suitable methods . 15 5.3.2 Suitable apparatus . 15 5.3.3 Requirements . 15 5.4 Performing measurements 17 5.4.1 General . 17 5.4.2 Operating conditions . 17 5.4.3 Measu
16、rement points . 18 5.4.4 Measurement time and duration 19 5.4.5 Report of the measurements . 19 6 Marking . 20 7 Information for use . 21 Annex A (informative) Rationale for the radiation emission classification . 22 A.1 Background for the emission class specifications . 22 A.2 Use of the source cla
17、ssification in a risk assessment . 23 Annex B (informative) Classification reference values related to skin burn hazards 25 Annex C (informative) Suitable methods for measurement of optical radiation emissions . 27 Bibliography 29 EN 16237:2013 (E) DIN EN 16237:2013-04 2Foreword This document (EN 16
18、237:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2013, and conflict
19、ing national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the
20、 CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
21、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. EN 16237:2013 (E) DIN EN 16237:2013-04 3 Introduction Optical radiation consists of the spectral region
22、s covered by ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. Sources of incoherent optical radiation are used both in workplaces and privately. The radiation may intentionally be applied to carry out a specific task or may occur unintentionally as a by-product. Some sources are powered electrically, ot
23、hers are powered non-electrically, e.g. by gas or other fuels. Examples for non-electrically powered sources are burners, furnaces, heaters, gas welding, thermal cutting, chemical torches, hot materials etc. People staying near to or working in the vicinity of such sources may be exposed to optical
24、radiation. Depending on the level of exposure, injuries may occur to the skin and/or to the eyes. In order to avoid such injuries, European 1 and national legislation require the determination of exposures and the assessment of the associated risks in workplaces. In addition, maximum allowed optical
25、 radiation exposure limit values are set by legislation. Workers must not exceed these exposure limit values. If necessary, exposure reduction measures have to be applied. Optical radiation exposures can be determined by several procedures: measurements, calculations, derivations from source emissio
26、n data, etc. Not all of these procedures are appropriate in every case. Exposure measurements can be made in accordance with EN 14255-1 and EN 14255-2, but are expensive and time consuming. Generally, it is preferable to carry out a risk assessment without expensive measurements, if possible. Calcul
27、ations of exposures may be done with the aid of software such as Catrayon1)3, but not in all cases. If quantitative emission data from the source are available, the user may in some cases estimate the possible exposure of people in the vicinity of the radiation source. A simpler approach for risk as
28、sessment is the classification of the optical radiation emissions. If such an emission classification is available, the user may easily assess the risk from use of the source. Emission classifications are already provided by standards for laser devices (EN 60825-1) 8 and for machinery (EN 12198-1) 7
29、 as well as for lamps and lamp systems (EN 62471) 9. This present standard provides a specific emission classification for non-electrically powered optical radiation sources. The classification in this standard is intended to be user-friendly. The emission classes depend on the duration tmax beyond
30、which the exposure limit values of the European directive on artificial optical radiation 2006/25/EC 1 may be exceeded. By comparing the actual exposure duration occurring at the workplace with tmax, the user can easily estimate if the exposure limit values may or may not be exceeded. Therefore, for
31、 a classified source, a risk assessment as required by Directive 2006/25/EC can easily be carried out. The measurement of the optical radiation emission for the classification of the source is always carried out at a standard distance and at greater distances if that is where emission is at the maxi
32、mum. Therefore, this classification represents the worst case exposure. This is appropriate if people are likely to be in the vicinity. However, sources are often operated in such a way that people will be further away than the worst-case location. For these applications, a classification shall be m
33、ade not only for the worst case, but in addition for normal use conditions. The source classification measurements shall then be made for several distances around the source including the normal operating distance(s). As a result, emission classes are produced depending on the distance or even iso-e
34、mission-class lines around the source. The user is then able to estimate more easily the maximum possible exposure under normal use conditions and also under worst case conditions. 1) Catrayon is an example of a suitable software available commercially. This information is given for the convenience
35、of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN or CENELEC of this product. EN 16237:2013 (E) DIN EN 16237:2013-04 4There is a limitation of the concept of risk assessment with classified sources. A risk assessment can only be carried out if the classified source con
36、tributes predominantly to the optical radiation exposure of people. If there are several optical radiation sources that significantly contribute to the exposure, the risk assessment has to be carried out in a different way, e.g. by measurement of the exposure and comparison with the exposure limit v
37、alues. In many cases however, one source will be predominant and an easy risk assessment can be carried out using the emission classification. Therefore, emission classification of a source forms a practical approach. EN 16237:2013 (E) DIN EN 16237:2013-04 5 1 Scope This European Standard provides a
38、 scheme for the classification of artificial non-electrical sources of incoherent optical radiation with regard to their radiation emissions. It helps users of the sources to easily carry out a risk assessment when people can be exposed to radiation from the sources. This standard applies for source
39、s emitting optical radiation in the wavelength between 180 nm and 3 000 nm. This standard does not apply for electrically powered sources. This standard does not apply for machinery, for laser devices and for lamps and lamp systems. NOTE A classification for machinery is given in EN 12198-1 7, a cla
40、ssification for laser devices is given in EN 60825-1 8 and a classification for lamps and lamp systems is given in EN 62471 9. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated referen
41、ces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14255-1:2005, Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation emitted by artificial sources
42、 in the workplace EN 14255-2:2005, Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation Part 2: Visible and infrared radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace EN 14255-4:2006, Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation
43、Part 4: Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposure measurements ISO 7010, Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Registered safety signs ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the ter
44、ms and definitions given in EN 14255-4:2006 and the following apply. 3.1 emission class characteristic of an optical source which reflects the level of optical radiation emission at a specified distance Note 1 to entry: Emission classes in this standard are correlated to maximum exposure durations t
45、max according to Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5. 3.2 maximum exposure duration tmaxtime duration up to which a person being exposed to optical radiation does not exceed the exposure limit values Note 1 to entry: Exposure limit values associated with tmaxin this standard are taken from the European Directive o
46、n artificial optical radiation 2006/25/EC 1. EN 16237:2013 (E) DIN EN 16237:2013-04 63.3 irradiance E quotient of the radiant power incident on an element of a surface by the area of that element Note 1 to entry: See also CIE 17.4 5. Note 2 to entry: The irradiance E may be defined for a specified w
47、avelength-band, e.g. 315 nm to 400 nm (UV-A), 380 nm to 3 000 nm (visible and IR-A and IR-B), 780 nm to 3 000 nm (IR-A and IR-B). 3.4 ultraviolet hazard irradiance Esirradiance spectrally weighted with the ultraviolet hazard weighting function s(), given by: d)()(21ssE= (1) SOURCE: EN 14255-4 Note 1
48、 to entry: Values for the function s() are specified in EU directive 2006/25/EC in the wavelength range 180 nm to 400 nm. 3.5 retinal thermal radiance Lrradiance spectrally weighted with the retinal thermal hazard weighting function r(), given by: =21d)( )( rLLr(2) SOURCE: EN 14255-4 Note 1 to entry
49、: The retinal thermal radiance can be defined in specific wavelength bands e.g. 380 nm to 1 400 nm and 780 nm to 1 400 nm. See Table 4. 3.6 blue-light radiance Lbradiance spectrally weighted with the blue-light hazard weighting function b(), given by: =21d)()( bLLb(3) SOURCE: EN 14255-4 Note 1 to entry: Values for the function b() are specified in EU
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