1、April 2013Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 9
2、7.195!$W“1999352www.din.deDDIN EN 16302Conservation of cultural heritage Test methods Measurement of water absorption by pipe method;English version EN 16302:2013,English translation of DIN EN 16302:2013-04Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes Prfverfahren Messung der Wasseraufnahme mit Prfrohr;Englische
3、Fassung EN 16302:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16302:2013-04Conservation des biens culturels Mthodes dessai Mesurage de labsorption deau par la mthode la pipette;Version anglaise EN 16302:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16302:2013-04www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language origina
4、l shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 17 pages04.13 DIN EN 16302:2013-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16302:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural property” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The re
5、sponsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 005-01-36 AA Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16302 February 2013 ICS 97.195 English Vers
6、ion Conservation of cultural heritage - Test methods - Measurement of water absorption by pipe method Conservation des biens culturels - Mthodes dessai - Mesurage de labsorption deau par la mthode la pipetteErhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Prfverfahren - Messung der Wasseraufnahme mit Prfrohr This
7、European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical referen
8、ces concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN m
9、ember into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
10、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHE
11、S KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16302:2013: EEN 16302:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative referen
12、ces 5 3 Terms and definitions5 4 Principle 5 5 Symbols and abbreviations .6 6 Test equipment6 6.1 General 6 6.2 Pipe for vertical surfaces (type V)6 6.3 Pipe for horizontal surfaces (type H) .7 6.4 Water reservoir 8 6.5 Sealing material .9 6.6 Chronometer .10 7 Experimental conditions10 7.1 General
13、10 7.2 “In situ” measurements .10 Laboratory measurements 10 7.3 Specimen pre-conditioning .10 7.4 Test procedure 10 8 Expression of the results.11 8.1 General 11 8.2 Calculation of water absorption per unit of surface area Wi, at the time ti.11 8.3 Calculation of total water absorption per unit of
14、surface area Wf, at time tf.11 9 Test report .11 Annex A (informative) Common types of pipes13 A.1 TYP E “V1” - KARSTEN TUBE 13 A.2 TYP E “V2“ - “Large surface for heterogeneous materials“14 A.3 TYP E “V3“ - “Italian pipe“ 14 Bibliography 15 DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This docu
15、ment (EN 16302:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest
16、by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such p
17、atent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoni
18、a, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 4 Introduction This test method can
19、 be applied if it does not change the value of the cultural property following the ethical code of conservation practice. This test aims to measure water penetration under pressure analogous to incident rainfall. DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a meth
20、od to measure water absorption of porous inorganic materials used for and constituting cultural property by pipe method. The method may be used on porous inorganic materials which are untreated or have been subjected to any treatment or ageing. The method may be used both in the laboratory and in si
21、tu due to its non destructive nature. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the re
22、ferenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15898:2011, Conservation of cultural property Main general terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15898:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 porous inorganic material
23、 material including natural stones e.g. sandstone, limestone, marble; as well as artificial materials, such as mortar, plaster, brick, and others Note 1 to entry: See EN 15801. 3.2 water absorption by pipe method amount of water (ml) transferred from the pipe through a defined test area (cm2) after
24、a fixed time, expressed as ml/cm2 3.3 specimen part considered representative of the material constituting an object Note 1 to entry: The specimen can have different origins and can be taken from: materials similar to those constituting the object under study (e.g. stone quarries); specifically prep
25、ared comparative materials e.g. reference materials; available materials from the object. Note 2 to entry: The number and dimension of the specimens can be different depending on constraints encountered in sampling the required amount of material. 4 Principle Determination of the amount and rate at
26、which water is absorbed through the test surface that is in contact with water. DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 6 5 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply: h is the height of the water column measured from the centre of the te
27、sting area, in mm d is the internal diameter of the water column, in mm D is the diameter of the testing area, in cm ti is the time to an intermediate i-measurement, in min tf is the time to the final measurement, in min Qi is the amount of water absorbed at the time ti , in ml Q5 is the amount of w
28、ater absorbed after 5 minutes, in ml Qf is the amount of water absorbed at the final time tf, in ml A is the test area, in cm2Wi is the amount of absorbed water (ml/cm2) per unit of surface area, at the time tiWtis the total amount of absorbed water (ml/cm2) at the time to the final measurement tf T
29、 is the average ambient temperature, in C RH is the relative humidity, in % 6 Test equipment 6.1 General Typical pipes are made of glass or other transparent material. The most common types of pipes are described in Annex A. Only values obtained with the same type of pipe (identical h, d, D values)
30、can directly be compared. 6.2 Pipe for vertical surfaces (type V) This type is suitable for measuring the absorption of water through vertical surfaces. The pipe consists of a graduated tube welded at its lower part on a cylinder cell; it shall be designed so that the graduated tube shows divisions
31、each not greater than 1/50th of the volume of the tube (Figure 1). DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 7 Key 1 water level 2 test surface d internal diameter of the water column, in mm D diameter of the testing area, in cm h height of the water column measured from the centre of the testing area,
32、in mm Figure 1 Scheme of pipe type for vertical surface 6.3 Pipe for horizontal surfaces (type H) This type is suitable for measurement of absorption of water through horizontal surfaces. The pipe consists of a graduated tube welded to its lower part on a cylinder cell; it shall be designed so that
33、the graduated tube shows divisions each not greater than 1/50th of the volume of the tube (Figure 2). DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 8 Key 1 water level 2 test surface d internal diameter of the water column, in mm D diameter of the testing area, in cm h height of the water column measured fr
34、om the centre of the testing area, in mm Figure 2 Scheme of pipe type for horizontal surface 6.4 Water reservoir The reservoir is connected to the water inlet on the bottom (type V) or on lateral side (type H) of the cell; the connection is secured by a transparent polymeric tube that can be closed
35、by a Hoffman clamp (Figure 3). DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 9 Key 1 water Figure 3 Scheme of the water supply for types V and H 6.5 Sealing material This shall be capable of preventing water leakage from the edge of the cell. The sealing materials should not cause any kind of damage/ altera
36、tion i.e. staining of the substrate. DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 10 6.6 Chronometer It shall have an accuracy of one second. 7 Experimental conditions 7.1 General The test surface shall be sufficiently flat and homogeneous, without visible cracks, to assure adhesion without leaks. The surf
37、ace area of the specimen should not be less than D (Annex A). The number and dimensions of test surfaces are dependent on the heterogeneity of the material. Each series shall consist of measurements on at least 3 specimens or 3 different surface areas. In case of anisotropy, each series shall always
38、 be tested according to the same orientation. In case of non homogeneous materials such as mortars containing coarse aggregates, the diameter of the measurement area should be at least three times (and preferably five times) larger than the size of the largest grain. 7.2 “In situ” measurements The e
39、xperimental surface should be flat, dry and it should not be exposed to direct solar light or rain during the test. It is recommended to record temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) close to the test surface. 7.3 Laboratory measurements Specimen pre-conditioning The pre-conditioning procedure d
40、oes not apply to treated specimens, to specimens taken from exposed surfaces, or to in situ measurements. For laboratory specimens the surface chosen for the determination of water absorption by pipe method shall be flat and wet polished with sand paper. After polishing, the specimens shall be washe
41、d with water, gently brushed with a soft brush and immersed in deionised water for 30 min. In case of water-sensitive materials, for examples gypsum containing materials, only compressed air shall be used. The test specimens shall be dried to constant mass in a ventilated oven at a temperature of (6
42、0 2) C. If the material is temperature-sensitive, the pre-conditioning shall be conducted in a desiccator filled with desiccant or in a ventilated oven at a temperature of (40 2) C until constant mass is reached. Constant mass is reached when the difference between two successive weighing at an inte
43、rval of 24 hours is not greater than 0,1% of the mass of the specimen. Before each weighing and before beginning the test, the specimen shall be kept in a desiccator until room temperature (23 1) C is reached. 7.4 Test procedure The pipe is fixed to the test surface by applying a force to the cell (
44、by means of mechanical devices) or by using an appropriate and removable sealing material. Potential staining effects of the sealing shall be tested prior to the measurement procedure. The pipe is carefully filled with water through the water inlet by opening the Hoffman clamp until “ZERO” level is
45、reached. The absence of air bubbles or leakage must be verified. Tap water, deionised or distilled water may be used for the test. DIN EN 16302:2013-04EN 16302:2013 (E) 11 The chronometer is then started and the change of water level in the graduated column are recorded over time intervals of betwee
46、n ten seconds and one minute (the interval appropriate depends on the porosity of the measured material). Subsequent readings should be taken every 5 min until a constant value is reached. If constant value is not reached the experiment shall be stopped after 1 h 8 Expression of the results 8.1 Gene
47、ral Results of the test measurements are presented in the form of a water absorption graph with the volume of water absorbed (Qi) as a function of time (ti). 8.2 Calculation of water absorption per unit of surface area Wi, at the time tiThe amount of water absorbed by the test area (expressed in ml
48、per square centimetre) at time ti is calculated as follows: AQWii=8.3 Calculation of total water absorption per unit of surface area Wf, at time tfTotal water absorption is the total amount of absorbed water at the time to the final measurement (tf) per unit area, expressed in ml per square centimet
49、re, calculated as follows: AQWfi=9 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) reference to this European Standard; b) the name and address of the test laboratory in which the test was carried out; c) for on site measurements the exact location (coordinates) at which the test was carried out; d) date of testing (yy-mm-dd); e) type, name, provenance, description of the porous inorganic material including chemical, petrograph
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