1、June 2014 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 8
2、3.080.01!%2m;“2157424www.din.deDDIN EN 16472Plastics Method for artificial accelerated photoageing using medium pressuremercury vapour lamps;English version EN 16472:2014,English translation of DIN EN 16472:2014-06Kunststoffe Verfahren zur knstlich beschleunigten Alterung bei Verwendung vonQuecksilb
3、erdampflampen;Englische Fassung EN 16472:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16472:2014-06Plastiques Mthode de photovieillissement artificiel acclr utilisant des lampes vapeur demercure moyenne pression;Version anglaise EN 16472:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16472:2014-06www.beuth.deIn case of
4、 doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 18 pages 05.14 DIN EN 16472:2014-06 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16472:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, Working Group WG 19 “
5、Light exposure” (Secretariat: NBN, Belgium). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Kunststoffe (Plastics Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 054-01-04 AA Verhalten gegen Umgebungseinflsse. The European Standard referred to in this document has been pu
6、blished as DIN EN ISO Standard with the same number. For the International Standards referred to in this standard there are no national standards available. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16472 April 2014 ICS 83.080.01 English Version Plastics - Method for artificial accelerate
7、d photoageing using medium pressure mercury vapour lamps Plastiques - Mthode de photovieillissement artificiel acclr utilisant des lampes vapeur de mercure moyenne pression Kunststoffe - Verfahren zur knstlich beschleunigten Alterung bei Verwendung von Quecksilberdampflampen This European Standard w
8、as approved by CEN on 8 February 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
9、national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own l
10、anguage and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Gre
11、ece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG
12、 CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16472:2014 EEN 16472:2014(E)2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Term
13、s and definitions .5 4 General 5 5 Apparatus .6 5.1 Laboratory light source .6 5.2 Test chamber 8 5.3 Specimen holders 9 5.4 Radiometer .9 5.5 Temperature sensor 9 5.6 Temperature controller .9 5.7 Optional facilities 10 6 Test specimens . 10 7 Exposure conditions 10 7.1 Radiation 10 7.2 Temperature
14、 10 7.3 Optional facilities 10 8 Procedure 10 8.1 Verification of the apparatus . 10 8.2 Mounting the test specimens 11 8.3 Exposure 11 8.4 Measurement of radiant exposure 11 8.5 Determination of changes in properties after exposure . 11 9 Test report . 11 Annex A (informative) Additional filtering
15、of lamp UV radiations . 13 A.1 Additional filtering of UVB radiations for chromophoric polymers exposed to outdoor conditions 13 A.2 Additional filtering of UV radiations for polymers exposed to indoor conditions . 14 Annex B (informative) Temperature control during photoageing . 15 Bibliography . 1
16、6 DIN EN 16472:2014-06 EN 16472:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16472:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical te
17、xt or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsi
18、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
19、 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DINEN 16472:2014-06EN 16472:2014 (E)
20、 4 Introduction When a polymeric material is exposed to natural UV radiation and other moderate environmental stresses, the change in most physical properties is attributable to chemical ageing, and the extent of the chemical changes can be related to the duration of the exposure under natural outdo
21、or weathering conditions. This method attempts to maximize the acceleration of photoageing using elevated UV irradiance and temperature that still keep the fundamental photoageing mechanism equivalent to that found in natural ageing. Temperature increase above the natural level should be limited so
22、that the photothermal transformation exceeds any pure thermal conversion. A medium pressure mercury lamp, with radiations of wavelength lower than 290 nm properly filtered out, gives a relevant source with high UV emission intensity and low IR emission. One of the main interests in use of artificial
23、 accelerated photoageing tests is to able to provide a relevant lifetime estimate of polymeric materials exposed in natural outdoor conditions. The relevance of artificial ageing can be determined by comparing the chemical changes that occur in the accelerated test to those that occur in natural wea
24、thering (see ISO 10640). Kinetic analysis is recommended to determine the rate of degradation under different conditions of ageing in order to rank different formulations or to determine the range of acceleration possible for an artificial ageing test compared to a given natural outdoor weathering e
25、xposure (without distortion of the photodegradation mechanism of the polymer). Chemical changes control the degradation of mechanical properties and contribute to changes in the visual appearance of polymer materials during photoageing. These chemical changes may be analysed primarily by IR spectros
26、copy, with additional analyses using UV/visible spectroscopy during the photoageing of polymers. DIN EN 16472:2014-06 EN 16472:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for carrying out artificial accelerated photoageing of test specimens by exposing them to medium pressure filter
27、ed mercury vapour lamp as light source, under controlled temperature conditions. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undat
28、ed references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 4892-1:2000, Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 1: General guidance (ISO 4892-1:1999) ISO 4582, Plastics Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties
29、after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources ISO 9370, Plastics Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests General guidance and basic test method ISO 10640, Plastics Methodology for assessing polymer photoageing by FTIR and UV/visible
30、 spectroscopy 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 control material which is of similar composition and construction to the test material and which is exposed at the same time for comparison with the test material Note 1 to entry:
31、An example of the use of a control material would be when a formulation different from one currently being used is being evaluated. In that case, the control would be the plastic made with the original formulation. SOURCE: EN ISO 4892-1:2000 3.2 reference material material of known performance 4 Gen
32、eral When correctly powered and maintained, the plasma of a medium pressure mercury arc discharge emits mainly UV and the visible radiation. This lamp allows the acceleration of the photochemical process by high UV irradiance without high infrared emission. Specimens of the samples to be tested are
33、exposed to the laboratory light source under controlled temperature condition. The temperature activates the photochemical process. DIN EN 16472:2014-06 EN 16472:2014 (E) 6 Optionally, the samples can be exposed to immersion and/or dark periods. The design of the equipment shall achieve the appropri
34、ate specifications as well as the UV irradiance (radiant exposure) and temperature set points. For comparing the performance of the test material to that of the control, it is recommended that at least one control be exposed during each test. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Laboratory light source 5.1.1 General Med
35、ium pressure mercury vapour lamps consist of a quartz burner filled with a mixture of gas and mercury where the discharge takes place, the burner being located in a borosilicate bulb. These lamps are available in different power categories. The radiation they emit consists of lines of variable inten
36、sity within the range from 250 nm to 800 nm. Irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 290 nm is filtered out by the bulb. Therefore only lines at wavelength 297 nm, 302 nm, 313 nm, 334 nm, 365 nm, 391 nm, 405 nm, 436 nm, 492 nm, 547 nm and 579 nm remain. DIN EN 16472:2014-06 EN 16472:2014 (E) 7 A typi
37、cal filtered spectrum of a medium pressure mercury vapour lamp is shown in Figure 1. Key X wavelength, nm Y spectral irradiance, mWm-2nm-1Figure 1 Typical spectrum of a filtered medium pressure mercury vapour lamp The filtered light emitted by a medium pressure mercury-arc does not simulate full spe
38、ctrum sunlight but can be used to investigate photochemical phenomena. The relevancy to outdoor data shall be carefully considered. The only requirement is a relevant control of the chemical change in the solid state under polychromatic light. Additional optical filters may be used for specific appl
39、ications. Annex A provides information on additional filtering of lamp UV radiations. Ensure the lamp has been pre-aged for 100 h prior to use, since the transmittance spectrum of borosilicate bulb may change significantly during this initial period. NOTE Commonly, the light output (intensity and wa
40、velength) does not vary more than 20 % during the lifetime of the lamps (see 5.4 or 8.1). 5.1.2 Spectral irradiance of medium pressure mercury vapour lamps The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV region are given in Table 1. DIN EN 16472:2014-06 EN 16472:2014 (E)
41、 8 Table 1 Relative spectral irradiance of medium pressure mercury vapour lamps Spectral passband ( = wavelength in nm) Relative spectral irradiance a b cMinimum % Maximum % 290 300 0,0 2,0 300 320 5,0 20,0 320 360 8,0 14,0 360 380 46,0 61,0 380 400 1,0 5,0 400 420 14,0 25,0 aThis table gives the ir
42、radiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm and 420 nm. To determine whether a mercury vapour lamp meets the requirements of this table, the spectral irradiance shall be measured from 250 nm to 420 nm. The total irradiance in each wavelength passb
43、and is then summed and divided by the total irradiance from 290 nm to 420 nm. bThe minimum and maximum limits in this table are based on a round robin test performed by five laboratories on several lamps from three suppliers, by using different spectroradiometers. The spectroradiometers shall be cal
44、ibrated and shall have a FWHM (full width at half maximum) resolution 2,5 nm. cThe minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % because they represent the minima and maxima for the measurement data used. For any individual spectral irradiance, the percentages calculated for the pass
45、bands in this table will sum to 100 %. For any individual mercury vapour lamp, the calculated percentage in each passband shall fall within the minimum and maximum limits given. Exposure results can be expected to differ if obtained using mercury-arc apparatus in which the spectral irradiances diffe
46、r by as much as that allowed by the tolerances. Contact the manufacturer of the mercury vapour apparatus for specific spectral irradiance data for the mercury vapour lamp and filters used. 5.1.3 Irradiance uniformity The irradiance at any position in the area used for specimen exposure shall be at l
47、east 80 % of the maximum irradiance. Requirements for periodic repositioning of specimens when this requirement is not met are described in EN ISO 4892-1. NOTE For some materials of high reflectivity, high sensitivity to irradiance and temperature, periodic repositioning of specimens is recommended
48、to ensure uniformity of exposures, even when the irradiance uniformity in the exposure area is within the limits. 5.2 Test chamber The test chamber comprises a box the walls of which are made of a chemically inert material that will not affect test results and in which the following facilities may be located: a) light source(s), consisting of one or more medium pressure mercury vapour lamps; b) temperature measuring system that allows to control the temperature of a chosen test specimen
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