1、October 2016 English price group 17No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.110; 13.180!%n3“2577516www.di
2、n.deDIN EN 16710-2Ergonomics methods Part 2: A methodology for work analysis to support design;English version EN 167102:2016,English translation of DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10Verfahren der Ergonomie Teil 2: Eine Methode fr die Arbeitsanalyse zur Untersttzung von Entwicklung und Design;Englische Fassung
3、EN 167102:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10Ergonomie Partie 2: Mthodologie danalyse du travail lappui de la conception;Version anglaise EN 167102:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 41 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of
4、doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.09.16 DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16710-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible
5、German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Ergonomie (DIN Standards Committee Ergonomics), Joint Committee NA 023-00-01 GA Gemeinschaftsarbeitsausschuss Grundstze der Ergonomie. For reasons of simplicity, the German version of this standard only uses the male form of certain wor
6、ds, although both genders are meant. Also in the German version, the English terms “user” and “operator” are both most often translated as “Benutzer”, and occasionally as “Anwender”, even though these two German terms are only suitable when referring to work equipment but not when referring to work
7、systems. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16710-2 March 2016 ICS 13.110; 13.180 English Version Ergonomics methods - Part 2: A methodology for work analysis to support design Ergonomie - Partie 2: Mthodologie danalyse du travail lappui de la conception Verfahren der Ergonomie - T
8、eil 2: Eine Methodologie fr die Arbeitsanalyse zur Untersttzung von Entwicklung und Design This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 January 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the sta
9、tus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, G
10、erman). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croa
11、tia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUn
12、ited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. E
13、N 16710-2:2016 EEN 16710-2:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Terms and definitions . 7 3 General requirements in specifying the human components . 8 3.1 User experience and resultant activity . 8 3.2 Limitations of the scientific and technical knowledge provid
14、ed by existing ergonomics standards . 9 4 Fundamentals . 9 4.1 Participatory approach . 9 4.2 Work analysis 10 5 Elements of methodology 11 5.1 Analysis of overall work situation components 11 5.2 The “activity-focused work system” 12 5.3 Principles of work activity analysis . 13 5.3.1 General . 13
15、5.3.2 Observation 14 5.3.3 Description . 14 5.3.4 Interpretation 14 5.4 Knowledge validation process 15 6 The work activity in the design process 16 7 Recording the process and reporting the outcomes . 17 7.1 Traceability 17 7.2 Assessment outcome and validation . 17 7.3 Assessment report . 17 8 Coh
16、erence with other standards 18 Annex A (informative) Example of requirements specification to be integrated into tender submission for ergonomics design for work equipment . 19 A.1 General . 19 A.2 Example specifications . 19 A.2.1 EC marking 19 A.2.2 Expected performance in terms of: . 19 A.2.3 Tec
17、hnological options 20 A.2.4 Resources 21 A.2.5 Means 21 A.2.6 Operating instructions . 24 A.2.7 Transport, delivery 24 A.2.8 Unloading 24 DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10EN 16710-2:2016 (E) 3 A.2.9 Location and installation . 25 A.2.10 Installation, acceptance and commissioning 25 A.2.11 General conditions .
18、25 Annex B (informative) Some techniques used for work analysis in an ergonomic approach . 26 B.1 General . 26 B.2 Analysis techniques (tools) based on objective data . 27 B.2.1 Review of documents 27 B.2.1.1 General . 27 B.2.1.2 The organization chart . 27 B.2.1.3 The flow chart 27 B.2.1.4 Plans an
19、d Drawings . 27 B.2.1.5 Statistical Indicators 28 B.2.2 Metrology . 28 B.2.2.1 General . 28 B.2.2.2 Measurement and evaluation of the physical environment . 29 B.2.2.3 Measurement and evaluation of the effects of physical demands 29 B.2.3 Observe a work situation . 30 B.2.3.1 General and conditions
20、. 30 B.2.3.2 When to observe? The right choice of moment . 31 B.2.3.2.1 General . 31 B.2.3.2.2 What and how to observe? 31 B.2.3.3 Different observation modes 31 B.2.3.3.1 Preliminary overall observation 31 B.2.3.3.2 Systematic detailed observation (direct and indirect) . 32 B.2.3.4 Observation of s
21、imulated conditions 32 B.3 Technical analysis using subjective data . 32 B.3.1 Analysis by Questionnaire (survey) . 32 B.3.2 Question by interview . 33 B.3.2.1 Why conduct an interview? . 33 B.3.2.2 What question/interview? 33 B.3.2.3 The timing of the interview . 33 B.3.3 The interview techniques 3
22、4 B.3.3.1 Confrontation . 34 B.3.3.2 The structured interview . 34 B.3.3.3 The semi-structured interview 34 B.3.3.4 The non-directive (open) interview 34 DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10EN 16710-2:2016 (E) 4 Annex C (informative) The approach and ergonomic analysis applied to design: Stages and processes . 36
23、 Bibliography . 39 DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10EN 16710-2:2016 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 16710-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either
24、by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and
25、/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 16710 consists of the following parts under the general title Ergonomics methods: Part 1: Feedback method - A method to understand how end users perform their work with machines (Technical Report) Part 2: A m
26、ethodology for work analysis to support design These present independent methods that can be used to support the implementation of ergonomics principles, for example as advocated in EN ISO 12100 and the EN 614 series. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organiza
27、tions of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal
28、ta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10EN 16710-2:2016 (E) 6 Introduction The ergonomic design approach involves considering human capabilities, skills, limitations and needs. It is deve
29、loped on the basis of a decision process, which calls upon not only scientific and technical knowledge data provided by existing standards but also expression of the “know-how” capitalised by the intended user population. Know-how and other knowledge data provided by standards can only become meanin
30、gful when based on preliminary analysis of real-work. Ergonomics design focuses on the actual activity of operators. The methodology described in this European Standard therefore increases the effectiveness and efficiency of the machinery or system being designed; improves human working conditions;
31、and reduces adverse effects on health, safety and performance. This methodology can lead to one or more suitable solutions embracing situations to be confronted by future users. Applying this will raise productivity, improve work quality, reduce technical support, maintenance and training needs, and
32、 will enhance user/operator satisfaction. Application of this methodology will be most effective when management is closely involved (adoption, communication, etc.). Extensive ergonomics knowledge exists in relation to organizing and establishing an efficient design process. Applying this knowledge,
33、 this present European Standard structures a user-based approach and proposes corresponding requirements for project managers. This approach complements existing design methods and requires reference to ergonomists. This process concerns both established, as described by EN ISO 12100, and emergent r
34、isks and their association with the independent evolution of any system, user variability and conditions of equipment usage. In this respect, the methodology for work analysis presented in this document is based on the resultant design being at least partly determined by anticipated future developme
35、nts, especially those indicated by the client. This is a shared procedure, in which the client provides specifications detailing the knowledge helpful to a design suited to the needs and expectations of users. Examples of the contribution of an ergonomics design approach to preparing specifications
36、are included in informative Annex A. Design based on an ergonomics process is necessary to meet any “performance obligation” (i.e. obligation of result). This European Standard complements knowledge generated by work activity analysis to enhance the quality of references and other solutions validate
37、d within a participative framework. This is indeed the case when a compromise solution cannot be found in relation to a specific point because the underlying knowledge cannot be validated. This European Standard facilitates orientation towards a shared final decision. DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10EN 16710-
38、2:2016 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard describes a procedure for analysing human activity in relation to specifying and refining the human component in the design or redesign of machinery and work systems. NOTE 1 The ergonomics methodology described in this European Standard could also be appli
39、ed to the design or redesign of products and non-work systems. This European Standard is intended to assist project leaders in implementing human and physical resources, methods and schedules as well as in preparing the documents necessary to meeting related requirements. The ergonomics methodology
40、described can be applied to all different stages in design projects from the earliest concept to the final “prototype” or “mock-up”, whatever the industrial field or sector. The objective of this European Standard is to achieve a solution that takes into account as many situations as possible which
41、all users - including operators, maintenance staff and installers, may encounter. This will ultimately allow improved usability of the machinery and more robust technical solutions, combined with significantly greater system resilience, user autonomy and accessibility. NOTE 2 Examples of the applica
42、tion of the methodology described in this European Standard are provided in Annex A. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 ergonomics scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among human and other eleme
43、nts of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimise human well-being and overall system performance SOURCE: EN ISO 26800:2011, 2.2 2.2 worker operator person performing one or more tasks within the work system SOURCE: EN ISO 6385:2004,
44、 2.8 2.3 work activity manner in which a prescribed task is, in reality, performed 2.4 work system system comprising one or more workers and work equipment acting together to perform the system function, in the workspace, in the work environment, under the conditions imposed by the work tasks SOURCE
45、: EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.16 DIN EN 16710-2:2016-10EN 16710-2:2016 (E) 8 2.5 accessibility extent to which products, systems, services, environments and facilities can be used by people from a population with the widest range of characteristics and capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a specified
46、 context of use SOURCE: EN ISO 26800:2011, 2.1 2.6 work equipment tools, including hardware and software, machines, vehicles, devices, furniture, installations and other components used in the work system SOURCE: EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.7 2.7 assumption proposal relating to the explanation or interpreta
47、tion of phenomena, observable facts and solution principles, assumed temporarily before being subjected to checking Note 1 to entry: In observing workers the observer should verify any hypotheses concerning knowledge acquired regarding the work and its translation into solution principles with the w
48、orkers concerned. 2.8 prescribed task formal description of how a task is expected to be performed EXAMPLE prescribed and prohibited tools, conditions of use, procedures, order of operations etc. 3 General requirements in specifying the human components 3.1 User experience and resultant activity Erg
49、onomics design involves considering all work situations that may be encountered by intended users. Users of machinery and of other systems performing the same or similar functions, possess a variety of levels of skills (including procedures for anticipating and avoiding risks) and knowledge of various constraints concerning individual and collective performance (described by the term “know-how”). Systematically collecting this know-how is fundamental to decision maki
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