1、December 2016 English price group 17No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.020.40; 13.040.20!%b5“259631
2、8www.din.deDIN EN 16789Ambient air Biomonitoring with Higher Plants Method of the standardized tobacco exposure;English version EN 16789:2016,English translation of DIN EN 16789:2016-12Auenluft Biomonitoring mit Hheren Pflanzen Verfahren der standardisierten TabakExposition;Englische Fassung EN 1678
3、9:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16789:2016-12Air ambiant Biosurveillance laide de plantes suprieures Mthode de lexposition normalise du tabac;Version anglaise EN 16789:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16789:2016-12www.beuth.deDocument comprises 39 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In
4、case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.This standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 1A. 12.16 DIN EN 16789:2016-12 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16789:2016) has been prepared by Te
5、chnical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany), Working Group WG 30 “Biomonitoring methods with flowering plants” (Secretariat and Convenership: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft im VDI und DIN DIN-N
6、ormenausschuss KRdL (Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN DIN Standards Committee KRdL). National technical regulation pertaining to biomonitoring with plants The VDI 3957 Guideline series describes standardized biological measuring techniques. These methods and the resulting assess
7、ment values allow the determination and evaluation of the temporal and spatial distribution of air pollutant effects. The VDI 3957 Guideline series consists of the following parts: VDI 3957 Part 1, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on p
8、lants (biomonitoring) Fundamentals and aims VDI 3957 Part 2, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (biomonitoring) Method of standardised grass exposure VDI 3957 Part 3, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and ev
9、aluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Procedure for standardised exposure of curly kale VDI 3957 Part 5, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Standardised exposure of spruce VDI 3957 Part
10、 6, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Determination and evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of photooxidants Method of the standardised tobacco exposure VDI 3957 Part 8, Biological measuring techniques for the
11、determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants (biomonitoring) Determination of the growth rate of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes for monitoring of environmental changes VDI 3957 Part 10, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants o
12、n plants (bioindication) Source-related measurements of ambient air quality using bioindicators VDI 3957 Part 11, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Sampling of leaves and needles for a biomonitoring of the accu
13、mulation of air pollutants (passive biomonitoring) VDI 3957 Part 12, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants (bioindication) Mapping of diversity of epiphytic bryophytes as indicators of air quality VDI 3957 Part 13, Biological measurement pr
14、ocedures for determining and evaluating the effects of ambient air pollutants by means of lichens (bioindication) Mapping the diversity of epiphytic lichens as an indicator of air quality DIN EN 16789:2016-12 3 VDI 3957 Part 14, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of
15、 effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Phytotoxic effect of inorganic fluorides in ambient air Method of standardised gladiolus exposure VDI 3957 Part 15, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Investi
16、gation strategy following hazardous incidents (passive biomonitoring) VDI 3957 Part 16, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Determination of genotoxic effects with the Tradescantia MCN test VDI 3957 Part 17, Biol
17、ogical measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) Active monitoring of the heavy metal load with peat moss (Sphagnum-bag-technique) VDI 3957 Part 18, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects
18、of air pollutants (biomonitoring) Determination of nitrogen accumulation in the foliose lichen Parmelia sulcata detecting effects of ambient air pollutants VDI 3957 Part 19, Biological measuring techniques for the determination and evaluation of effects of air pollutants on plants (bioindication) De
19、tection of regional nitrogen depositions with the mosses Scleropodium purum and Pleurozium schreberi VDI 3957 Part 20, Biological measurement procedures for determining and evaluating the effects of environmental changes (biomonitoring) Mapping of lichens to indicate local climate change DIN EN 1678
20、9:2016-12 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16789 August 2016 ICS 13.020.40; 13.040.20 English Version Ambient air - Biomonitoring with Higher Plants - Method of the standardized tobacco exposure Air ambiant - Biosurveillance laide de plantes sup
21、rieures - Mthode de lexposition normalise du tabac Auenluft - Biomonitoring mit Hheren Pflanzen - Verfahren der standardisierten Tabak-Exposition This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 June 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
22、conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard e
23、xists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national
24、standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia
25、, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means res
26、erved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16789:2016 E2 Contents Page European foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 7 2 Terms and definitions . 7 3 Principle of the method 8 4 Test method 9 4.1 Material 9 4.1.1 Plants 9 4.1.2 Substrate 9 4.1.3 Water 9 4.1.4 Exposure device 9 4.1.5 Expos
27、ure rack 10 4.2 Cultivation of plants 11 4.3 Exposure 15 4.3.1 General . 15 4.3.2 Duration of exposure 15 4.3.3 Requirements of the exposure locations . 15 5 Visual injury assessment . 16 5.1 Leaf selection . 16 5.2 Identification of ozone-induced injury . 16 5.3 Recognition of injuries not caused b
28、y ozone 16 5.4 Assessment of ozone-induced leaf injury 17 6 Data handling and data reporting 17 6.1 General . 17 6.2 Tests of exposure location differences for individual exposure periods . 18 6.2.1 General . 18 6.2.2 Data treatment 18 6.2.3 Missing value completion 18 6.2.4 Statistical analysis 21
29、6.2.5 Graphical presentation of results . 21 6.3 Tests of differences between exposure locations and between exposure periods 22 7 Performance characteristics 23 8 Quality assurance and quality control 23 8.1 Preparation of the plant material. 23 8.2 Requirements for the exposure location . 23 8.3 R
30、equirements for the visual injury assessment 23 Annex A (informative) Reference plates and photographs for evaluating the percentage of necrosis on leaf surfaces . 24 Annex B (informative) Documentation . 28 B.1 General . 28 B.2 Example of the information that shall be recorded at a given exposure l
31、ocation 28 B.3 Example of the information that shall be recorded for a tobacco plant at a given assessment date 30 Bibliography . 31 EN 16789:2016 (E)DIN EN 16789:2016-12 3 European foreword This document (EN 16789:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretar
32、iat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017. Attention is drawn
33、 to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are
34、bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Port
35、ugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. EN 16789:2016 (E)DIN EN 16789:2016-12 4 Introduction 0.1 General The impact of air pollution is of growing concern worldwide. Local and regional assessment is necessary as a first step to collect the fundam
36、ental information, which can be used to avoid, prevent or minimize harmful effects on human health and the environment as a whole. Biomonitoring can serve as a tool for this purpose. As the effects on indicator organisms are a time-integrated result of complex influences, combining the influences of
37、 both air quality and local climatic conditions, this holistic biological approach is considered particularly relevant to human and environmental health end points and thus is of value in air quality management. It is important to emphasize that biomonitoring data differ from those obtained through
38、physico-chemical measurements (ambient concentrations and deposition) and computer modelling (emissions and dispersion data). Biomonitoring provides evidence of the effects that airborne pollutants have on organisms. As such it reveals biologically relevant, field-based, time- and space-integrated i
39、ndications of environmental health as a whole. Legislation states that there should be no harmful environmental effects from air pollution. This requirement can be met only by investigating the effects at the biological level. The application of biomonitoring in air quality and environmental managem
40、ent requires rigorous standards and a recognized regime so that it can be evaluated as robustly as physico-chemical measurements and modelling in pollution management. Biomonitoring is the way through which environmental changes have historically been detected. Various standard works on biomonitorin
41、g provide an overview of the state of the science at the time, e.g. 1; 2; 3. The first investigations of passive biomonitoring are documented in the middle of the 19th century: by monitoring the development of epiphytic lichens it was discovered that the lichens were damaged during the polluted peri
42、od in winter and recovered and showed strong growth in summer 4. These observations identified lichens as important bioindicators. Later investigations also dealt with bioaccumulators. An active biomonitoring procedure with bush beans was first initiated in 1899 5. 0.2 Biomonitoring and EU legislati
43、on Biomonitoring methods in terrestrial environments address a variety of requirements and objectives within EU environmental policy, primarily in the fields of air quality (Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 6), integrated pollution prevention and control (Direct
44、ive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions IED 7) and conservation (Habitats Directive). It is also relevant to the topics food chain 8 and animal feed 9; 10; 11. For air quality in Europe, legislators require adequate monitoring of air quality, including pollution deposition as well as avoidance, preve
45、ntion or reduction of harmful effects. Biomonitoring methods are relevant for both short-term and long-term air quality assessment. Directive 2004/107/EC of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air 12 states that “the use of b
46、io indicators may be considered where regional patterns of the impact on ecosystems are to be assessed”. With respect to IED for industrial installations, the permit procedure includes two particular environmental conditions for setting adequate emission limit values. The asserted concepts of “effec
47、ts” and “sensitivity of the local environment” open up opportunities for application of biomonitoring methods in relation to the general impact on air quality and the deposition of installation-specific pollutants. The basic properties of biomonitoring methods can be used advantageously for applicat
48、ions such as reference inventories prior to the start of a new installation, mapping of the potential pollution reception areas and (long-term) monitoring of the impact caused by industrial activity. The environmental inspection of installations demands EN 16789:2016 (E)DIN EN 16789:2016-12 5 examin
49、ation against a range of environmental effects. For the competent authority, biomonitoring data contribute to the decision-making process, e.g. concerning the question of tolerance of impacts at the local scale. The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora 13) requires competent authorities to assess or adapt planning permissi
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