1、Ferronickel ingots or pieces Sampling for analysis (IS0 8050 : 1988) Enalich version of DIN EN 28050 DIN - I EN 28050 This standard incorporates the English version of Is0 8050. Ferronickelbarren oder -stcke; Probennahme fr Analyse (IS0 8050 : 1988) European Standard EN 28 050 : 1988 has the status
2、of a DIN Standard. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CEN/BT to adopt, without alteration, Interna- tional Standard IS0 8050 : 1988 as a European Standard. The responsible German body involved in the prepar
3、ation of this standard was the Normenausschu Nichteisenmetalle (Nonferrous Metals Standards Committee). The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of the EN are as follows: IS0 6352 IS0 6501 DIN EN 26 352 DIN EN 26 501 Standards referred to (and not includ
4、ed in Normative references) DIN EN 26 532 Ferronickel; determination of nickel content; gravimetric method using dimethylglyoxim (IS0 6352 : 1985) DIN EN 26 501 Ferronickel; specification and delivery requirements (IS0 6501 : 1988) International Patent Classification 823 B 35/00 B23 B 47/34 B23C 3/0
5、0 GO1 N 1/00 G O1 N 33/20 EN comprises 18 pages. Beurh Verlag GmbH, Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). DIN EN 28050 Engl. Price group 12 05.93 Sales No. 1112 EUROPEAN STANDARD EUROPISCHE NORM NORME EUROPENNE EN 28 050 May 1992 UDC 669.1524-198-4: 620.11 Descri
6、ptors: Ferroalloys, ferronickel, ingots, sampling, samples. English version Ferronickel ingots or pieces Sampling for analysis (IS0 8050 : 1988) Ferro-nickel en lingots ou en morceaux; chantillonage pour analyse (IS0 8050 : 1988) Ferronickelbarren oder -stcke; Probennahme fr Analyse (IS0 8050: 1988)
7、 This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-05-08 and is identical to the IS0 Standard as referred to. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alte
8、ration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A ver- sion in any other language made by tra
9、nslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offi- cial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxem
10、bourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, 6-1050 Brussels O 1992. Copyright reserved to all CEN members. Ref. No
11、. EN 28050:1992 E Page 2 EN 28050:1992 foreword On the proposal of the CEN Central Secretariat, CEN/BT decided by Resolution BT C157/1990 to submit International Standard IS0 8050: 1988 to Formal Vote. The result was positive. In the countries bound to implement this European Standard, a national st
12、andard identical to this European Standard shall be published, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by 1992-11 -30 at the latest. In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finlan
13、d, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Ferronickel ingots; sampling for analysis Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0 8050: 1988 was approved by CEN as a European Standard
14、 without any modifica- tion. Page 3 EN 28 050 : 1992 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for sampling of ferronickel lots in ingot or piece form with a View to obtaining a representative laboratory sample for the determination of the chemical composition of the lot. As agreed betw
15、een the purchaser and the supplier, a choice is to be made between two procedures: - The first procedure can be applied at the producers plant during casting (description in clauses 3 and 51. - The second procedure can be applied to lots as delivered at the buyers premises“ (description in clauses 4
16、 and 5). It includes two alternatives for sample taking (drill- ing and milling). Each party is entitled to participate in lor be represented at) sampling operations. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of thi
17、s International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encour- aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed
18、below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 513 : 1975, Appliwtion of wrbides for machining by chip removal - Designation of the main groups of chip removal and groups of application. IS0 3855 : iS, Milling cutters - Nomenclature. IS0 4957 : 1980,
19、 Tool steels. IS0 6352 : 1985, Ferronickel - Determination of nickel content - Dimethylglyoxime gravimetric method. IS0 651 : 1988, Ferronickel - Specifications and conditions of detivev. 3 Sampling of each heat at the producers plant 3.1 Taking the primary sample during casting 3.1.1 Each increment
20、2) shall be taken using a spoon and cast in a mould to obtain a suitable small ingot for chemical or physical analysis. The usual geometry of such ingots is that of a frustum. It is desirable that the dimensions lie within the follow- ing limits: - height: 100 to 140 mm - upper diameter: 35 to 50 mm
21、 - lower diameter: 30 to 40 mm The ingot mould shall be made of material that allows the sample to cod rapidly; a large block of copper would meet this requirement. If necessary, the sample shall be killed to obtain a small ingot of sound metal (free of cracks and blowholes). Killing is most often d
22、one with aluminium, in wire or chip form, at 1 to 2 g of aluminium per kilogram. The large height of the small ingots permits small shrinkholes to be confined to the upper part, thus ensuring that the lower part of the ingot is perfectly sound and homogenous and hence suitable for analysis. Generall
23、y, a height of 120 mm will guarantee that the sound portion extends at least 70 mm up from the base. 3.1.2 In general, the small ingots are used for physical analysis on solid metal after a disc is cut from them. Whenever possible, this analysis should produce results as ac- curate as those obtained
24、 from chemical analysis of chips. To achieve such accuracy, it is often necessary to analyse several small ingots several times each. A specified number of small ingots shall therefore be taken at regularly spaced intervals during the casting. Examples are given in annex A to indicate the number of
25、small ingots to be taken and the number to be analysed. It is sug- gested that four to eight small ingots be taken from each heat. 1) This procedure can be applied at the producers plant, at the buyers premises or at an intermediate transit place, as agreed between the in- terested parties. 2) Incre
26、ment: poriion of the lot taken in a single operation; in this standard: portion of molten metal. Page 4 EN 28 050 : 1992 It may happen that for some exceptional reasons there are not enough small ingots available which are suitable either for ac- curate physical analysis or for accurate analysis of
27、chips taken from them: some small ingots may no longer be available or may contain cracks or blowholes. In these circumstances, the ingots constituting the heat shall be sampled. Five ingots)shall be taken from the heat, and the procedure described beginning at clause 4.1.3) 2, shall then be followe
28、d. 3.2 Secondary sampling of small ingots taken from the heat 3.2.1 Cutting Each small ingot shall be cut in two about 10 or 15 mm from the bottom (the smaller-diameter end) with a cut-off wheel (made of carborundum or corundum, for example). The use of water cooling is recommended, because it avoid
29、s heating of the sample and hence changes in the crystalline structure of the metal. 3.2.2 Use of the two pieces of the small ingot 3.2.2.1 The disc cut off the small ingot may be used for physical analysis (.e. X-ray fluorescence or optical emission spectrometry) of the solid metal after adequate m
30、achining of the cut surface. For the number of small ingots to be analysed and the number of determinations per small ingot, see annex A. 3.2.2.2 The larger piece may be used for preparing chips, using one of the two following methods: a) Drilling With the freshly cut surface facing upwards, the pie
31、ce shall be drilled to a depth such that the pipe in the upper part of the small ingot Le. at the wider end) is not reached. It is desirable to limit the depth of the drilled hole to 50 mm. By using a 20 mm diameter drill, more than 100 g of chips are obtained. All the chips shall be collected. An a
32、ssembly similar to that of figure 1 may be used for this purpose. It is particularly suitable when using a drill bit designed for oil cooling but fed with compressed air (see annex D, 0.6.3). The assembly shall be made of materials which will not con- taminate the chips. The recommended conditions f
33、or drill- ing are described in annex D. b) Milling The conical surface adjacent to the freshly cut surface shall be cleaned by grinding with a corundum (aluminium oxide) or carborundum grinding wheel and then milled to a depth of about 20 mm from the cut surface (this will provide 100 g of chips. Al
34、l the chips shall be collected. The recommended conditions for milling are described in annex D. All the chips obtained from the selected small ingots by one of the two techniques described above shall be combined to constitute the secondary sample which is treated according to the procedure in clau
35、se 5 to obtain the final laboratory sample. 4 Sampling of a lot of ingots or pieces 4.1 Sampling of ingots or pieces 4.1.1 Lots comprising one heat The procedure as described in the last paragraph of 3.1 is used (5 ingots or pieces are taken in accordance with the rules for random sampling). 4.1.2 L
36、ots comprising several heats The minimum number N of ingots or pieces to be taken is given by the following rules3): For lot tonnages between 5 and 80 t N=50 For lot tonnages between 80 and 500 t N = 54 - - (see footnote 4) T 20 where Tis the mass, in metric tons, of the lot. 1) The rules for random
37、 sampling given in annex B may be used. 2) A very small number of ingots constitutes a sufficiently representative sample of the heat, because the contents of different ingots from the same heat do not vary greatly (see annex Ci. 3) These rules have been established making the following practical as
38、sumptions: - the lots are composed of heats each of mass about 20 t; - the nickel contents of the heats in the lot lie within the range from k to (k + 1) %, where k is an integer; - variations in nickel content within ingots and between ingots from the same heat are negligible compared with the rang
39、e k to (k + 1) %. Complete justification of these rules is given in annex C. 4) This rule applies only when the tonnage does not exceed 500 t. If, following an agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, a consign- ment is between 500 and 1 o00 t, the interested parties may agree to use one of
40、 the following procedures: - division of the consignment into lots of tonnages not exceeding 500 t; - taking, from the whole consignment, only the number of ingots or pieces specified for a tonnage of 500 t, .e. N = 29. This procedure con- siderably diminishes the quantity of work involved in taking
41、 secondary samples from ingots or pieces. Page 5 EN 28 050 : 1992 500 5ooto1ooo These rules are illustrated in table 1. 29 29 Table 1 - Number of ingots or pieces to be taken as a function of lot tonnage Tonnage T of ferronickel 1 5 to 80 100 140 200 240 3M) 340 400 440 Number N of ingots or pieces
42、to be taken 50 49 47 44 42 39 37 34 32 The number of ingots or pieces may be increased by agreement between supplier and purchaser. The rules for random sampling shall be respected. In order that such is the case for different methods of delivery, the pro- cedure given in annex B is recommended. 4.1
43、.3 The surface of each ingot or piece taken shall be care- fully cleaned by washing, brushing or wiping as required in order to eliminate all foreign material (earth, dust, oil, etc.). The selected ingots or pieces constitute the primary sample. 4.2 Taking chips from ingots or pieces This procedure
44、consists of producing turnings by either drilling or milling. These operations shall be performed in such a way that the chips are not contaminated by tool wear, dust or grease. In particular, the work shall be done dry. For a detailed description of the conditions for machining, see annex D. Certai
45、n types of ferronickel are extremely hard. Great care shall therefore be taken to ensure that suitable cutting tools and con- ditions are selected. For hard types of ferronickel, heat treatment (tempering) of the solid metal (ingot, ingot part or piece) may be desirable, because it makes it much eas
46、ier to take chips. (For details, see annex D, clause D.2.) 4.2.1 Drilling Each ingot shall be drilled to half-thickness at one point using either a drill made of high-speed steel or a tungsten carbide drill. Drilling shall be done from the upper surface of one ingot and the lower surface of the next
47、. A drill between 12 and 20 mm in diameter is recommended; drills in the 15 to 17 mm range are most frequently used. NOTE - Examples of suitable drills, and the conditions under which they should be used, are given in annex D. Chips shall be discarded until the drill has worked its way into the mate
48、rial to its full diameter. Ail the remaining chips shall then be collected. An assembly similar to that shown in figure 1 may be used for collection. It shall be made of materials that will not con- taminate the chips. For pieces, the drill shall penetrate to mid-thickness of the piece. 4.2.2 Millin
49、g The ingots shall be cut with corundum (aluminium oxide) or carborundum wheels. Either each ingot shall be cut once, and one of the two resulting pieces then milled, or a slice of thickness sufficient for milling shall be cut from the ingot. The outside surface adjacent to the freshly cut surface to be milled shall be cleaned. This can be done with a corundum or carborundum grinding wheel. The surface shall then be milled with a suitable milling cutter, and all the chips collected. Pieces shall be cut and milled in the same way as ingots. NOTE - Examples of suitabl
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