DIN EN ISO 11275-2014 Soil quality - Determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water-retention characteristic - Wind-s evaporation method (ISO 11275 2004) German vers.pdf

1、July 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13

2、.080.40!%2n“2159575www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 11275Soil quality Determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water-retentioncharacteristic Winds evaporation method (ISO 11275:2004);English version EN ISO 11275:2014,English translation of DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07Bodenbeschaffenheit Bestimmung d

3、er ungesttigten hydraulischen Leitfhigkeit und desWasserrckhaltevermgens Verdunstungsverfahren nach Wind (ISO 11275:2004);Englische Fassung EN ISO 11275:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07Qualit du sol Dtermination de la conductivit hydraulique en milieu non satur et de la caractr

4、istiquede rtention en eau Mthode par vaporation de Wind (ISO 11275:2004);Version anglaise EN ISO 11275:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07SupersedesDIN ISO 11275:2005-01www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 17

5、 pages06.14 DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword The text of ISO 11275:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” and has been taken over as EN ISO 11275:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Se

6、cretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 119-01-02-02 UA Chemische und physikalische Verfahren of NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchungen. Expert assist

7、ance and specialized laboratories will be required to perform the analyses described in this standard. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 10381-1 DIN ISO 10381-1 ISO 10381-4 DIN ISO 10381-4 ISO 11274 DIN EN ISO 11274 ISO 11

8、276 DIN EN ISO 11276 ISO 11461 DIN EN ISO 11461 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 11275:2005-01 as follows: a) the Bibliography of the National Annex (NA) has been updated; b) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN ISO 11275: 2005-01 National Annex NA (informati

9、ve) Bibliography DIN ISO 10381-1, Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes DIN ISO 10381-4, Soil quality Sampling Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites DIN EN ISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the w

10、ater retention characteristics Laboratory methods DIN EN ISO 11276, Soil quality Determination of pore water pressure Tensiometer method DIN EN ISO 11461, Soil quality Determination of soil water content as a volume fraction using coring sleeves Gravimetric method EN ISO 11275March 2014 ICS 13.080.4

11、0 English Version Soil quality - Determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water-retention characteristic - Winds evaporation method (ISO 11275:2004) Qualit du sol - Dtermination de la conductivithydraulique en milieu non satur et de la caractristique dertention en eau - Mthode par vap

12、oration de Wind(ISO 11275:2004)Bodenbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der ungesttigten hydraulischen Leitfhigkeit und des Wasserrckhaltevermgens - Verdunstungsverfahren nach Wind (ISO 11275:2004) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 March 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENE

13、LEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre o

14、r to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the off

15、icial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands

16、, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN I

17、SO 11275:2014 EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMContents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references. 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Symbols 6 5 Principle 7 6 Appa

18、ratus 7 7 Procedure 8 8 Expression of results . 13 9 Accuracy . 13 10 Test report . 13 Bibliography 15 2DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07 EN ISO 11275:2014 (E) ForewordThe text of ISO 11275:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardi

19、zation (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 11275:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at t

20、he latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying a

21、ny or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Repu

22、blic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11275:2004 has been ap

23、proved by CEN as EN ISO 11275:2014 without any modification. 3DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07EN ISO 11275:2014 (E)IntroductionSoil water content and matric pressure are related to each other and determine the water-retentioncharacteristics of a soil. Soil water, which is in equilibrium with free water, is

24、at zero matric pressure (or suction)and either the soil is saturated or the gaseous phase occurs only as small bubbles. As a saturated soil dries, thematric pressure decreases (i.e. becomes more negative), and the largest pores empty of water. Progressivedecreases in matric pressure will continue to

25、 empty finer pores until eventually water is held in only the finestpores. Not only is water removed from soil pores, but the films of water held around soil particles are reduced inthickness. Therefore, a decreasing matric pressure is associated with decreasing soil water content8,9.Laboratory or f

26、ield measurements of these two parameters can be made; and the relationship (which can bereported graphically, in tabular form, or possibly as an equation) is called the soil water-retention characteristic.The relationship extends from saturated soil to oven-dry soil (approximately to about matricpr

27、essure).The soil water-retention characteristic is different for each soil type. The shape and position of the curve relativeto the axes depend on soil properties such as texture, density and hysteresis associated with the wetting anddrying history. Individual points on the water-retention character

28、istic curve may be defined for specific purposes.The hydraulic conductivity is a measure of the rate at which liquid water can move through the soil under theinfluence of variations in matric pressure from point to point within the soil. The hydraulic conductivity ofunsaturated soil depends on the s

29、ame factors as does the soil water-retention characteristic, also showinghysteresis. As a saturated soil dries, the hydraulic conductivity decreases, and it is convenient to express thehydraulic conductivity corresponding to the soil water-retention characteristic as a function of the decreasingmatr

30、ix pressure.The results obtained using these methods can be used, for example: to provide an assessment of the equivalent pore-size distribution (e.g. identification of macro- and micro-pores); to determine indices of plant-available water in the soil and to classify soil accordingly (e.g. for irrig

31、ationpurposes); to determine the drainable pore space (e.g. for drainage design, pollution risk assessments); to monitor changes in the structure of a soil (caused by e.g. tillage, compaction or addition of organic matteror synthetic soil conditioners); to ascertain the relationship between the nega

32、tive matric pressure and other soil physical properties (e.g.hydraulic conductivity, thermal conductivity); to determine water content at specific negative matric pressures (e.g. for microbiological degradationstudies); to estimate other soil physical properties.0 kPa 106kPa4DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07

33、 EN ISO 11275:2014 (E) 1ScopeThis International Standard specifies a laboratory method for the simultaneous determination in soils of theunsaturated hydraulic conductivity and of the soil water-retention characteristic. It is applicable only tomeasurement of the drying or desorption curve. Applicati

34、on of the method is restricted to soil samples whichare, as far as possible, homogeneous. The method is not applicable to soils which shrink in the range of matrichead to .The range of the determination of the conductivity depends on the soil type. It lies between matric heads ofapproximately and .T

35、he range of the determination of the water-retention characteristic lies between matric heads of approximatelyand .NOTE 1 An infiltrometer method can be used to determine hydraulic conductivities near saturation.NOTE 2 ISO 11274 gives methods to determine the water-retention characteristic for matri

36、c heads between and.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 10381-

37、1, Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmesISO 10381-4, Soil quality Sampling Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sitesISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water-retention characteristic Laboratory met

38、hodsISO 11276, Soil quality Determination of pore water pressure Tensiometer methodISO 11461, Soil quality Determination of soil water content as a volume fraction using coring sleeves Gravimetric method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions app

39、ly.hm= 0cm hm= 800 cmhm= 50 cm hm= 700 cmhm= 0cm hm= 800 cm0cm15 000 cm5DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07EN ISO 11275:2014 (E)3.1 hydraulic conductivityfactor of proportionality between the soil water flux density, , and the hydraulic gradient in Darcysequation, assuming isotropic conditions, i.e.NOTE For th

40、e purposes of this document, conductivity is used synonymously for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.3.2 soil water-retention characteristicretention characteristicrelation between soil water content and soil matric head of a given soil (sample)3.3 gravitational headamount of work that must be done

41、 in order to transport reversibly and isothermally an infinitesimal quantity ofwater, identical in composition to the soil water, from a pool at a specified elevation and at atmosphericpressure, to a similar pool at the elevation of the point under consideration, divided by the mass of watertranspor

42、ted3.4 matric headamount of work that must be done in order to transport reversibly and isothermally an infinitesimal quantity ofwater, identical in composition to the soil water, from a pool at the elevation and the external gas pressure of thepoint under consideration, to the soil water at the poi

43、nt under consideration, divided by the mass of watertransported3.5 pneumatic headamount of work that must be done in order to transport reversibly and isothermally an infinitesimal quantity ofwater, identical in composition to the soil water, from a pool at atmospheric pressure and at the elevation

44、of thepoint under consideration, to a similar pool at the external gas pressure of the point under consideration, dividedby the mass of water transported3.6 pressure headtensiometer headsum of the matric and pneumatic headsNOTE The pneumatic head is assumed to be zero for the purposes of this method

45、. On this basis, the pressure head equalsthe matric head.3.7 hydraulic headsum of the matric, pneumatic and gravitational heads4 Symbolsheight, in centimetres;pneumatic head, in centimetres;hydraulic head , in centimetres;gravitational head, in centimetres;matric head, in centimetres;Kv hhv = Khhaha

46、hh= ha+hg+hmhghm6DIN EN ISO 11275:2014-07 EN ISO 11275:2014 (E) pressure head = tensiometer head , in centimetres;compartment and tensiometer index;time and measurement interval index;compartment index;unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, in centimetres per day ( );mass, in kilograms;mass of soil sam

47、ple at the end of the test, in kilograms;time, in days ( )soil water volume flux density, in centimetres per day ( );volume, in cubic metres;vertical coordinate, in centimetres;water content as volume fraction;density of water, in kilograms per cubic metre.5 PrincipleUndisturbed samples of soil are

48、taken from the field in accordance with ISO 10381-1. Each soil sample is firstwetted to near saturation in the laboratory. Then the sample is allowed to dry by evaporation from the topsurface; at known times during this period, pressure heads are measured at different depths in the sample usingtensi

49、ometers, and the mass of the sample is measured. These measurements are continued until air enters anyof the tensiometers. This can take a few days to two weeks depending on the type of soil. At the end of the test,after completing these measurements, the sample is dried and weighed, and its water content is calculated foreach of the measurement times.The sample is considered as two or more compartments (sub-sam