DIN EN ISO 11646-2014 Leather - Measurement of area (ISO 11646 2014) German version EN ISO 11646 2014《皮革 面积的测量》.pdf

1、July 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 7No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 59.

2、140.30!%2X“2159753www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 11646Leather Measurement of area (ISO 11646:2014);English version EN ISO 11646:2014,English translation of DIN EN ISO 11646:2014-07Leder Flchenmessung (ISO 11646:2014);Englische Fassung EN ISO 11646:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 11646:2014-07Cuir Me

3、surage de la surface (ISO 11646:2014);Version anglaise EN ISO 11646:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 11646:2014-07SupersedesDIN EN ISO 11646:1998-12www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 9 pages06.14 DIN EN ISO 11646:2014

4、-07 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 11646:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy) in collaboration with the “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IULTCS)”. The respo

5、nsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-51 AA Anforderungen und physi-kalische Prfverfahren fr Leder und seine Ausgangsprodukte. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Stan

6、dard referred to in this document is as follows: ISO 2419 DIN EN ISO 2419 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 11646:1998-12 as follows: a) Subclauses 4.2 and 5.1.2 have been technically revised to clarify the importance of using only one specific standard atmosphere; b) the standard has

7、 been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 11646: 1998-12 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning EN ISO 11646March 2014 ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 11646:1998English Version Leather - Me

8、asurement of area (ISO 11646:2014) Cuir - Mesurage de la surface (ISO 11646:2014) Leder - Flchenmessung (ISO 11646:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 January 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving

9、this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three officia

10、l versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Au

11、stria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe

12、den, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11646:2014 EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN

13、DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMContents Page Foreword . 3 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references. 4 3 Principle 4 4 Apparatus 4 4.1 Mechanical pin-wheel area-measurement machine . 4 4.2 Circular calibration template . 4 4.3 Calibration proced

14、ure 5 5 Sampling and sample preparation . 5 5.1 Conditioning of the leather . 5 5.2 Start of measurement 5 5.3 Method of measurement 5 5.4 Direction of feed . 6 5.5 Number of measurements . 6 6 Expression of results . 6 7 Test report . 6 Annex A (informative) Sources of test apparatus. 7 2DIN EN ISO

15、 11646:2014-07 EN ISO 11646:2014 (E) ForewordThis document (EN ISO 11646:2014) has been prepared by IULTCS “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Stand

16、ard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements o

17、f this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 11646:1998. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following co

18、untries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

19、Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11646:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11646:2014 without any modification. 3DIN EN ISO 11646:2014-07EN ISO 11646:2014 (E)The first edition of ISO 11646

20、 was based on IUP 32 published in J Soc. Leather Tech. Chem. 73, pp. 2324 (1989), and declared an official method of the IULTCS in October 1989. This second edition of ISO 11646 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11646:1993), which has been technically revised in 4.2 and 5.1.2, to clarify t

21、he importance of using only one specific standard atmosphere (20 C and 65 % RH). 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method of measuring the area of pieces of leather. It is intended only for the measurement of dressed and other dry flexible leathers.2 Normative referencesThe following do

22、cuments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2419, Leather Physic

23、al and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning3 PrincipleThe area of the conditioned leather is measured with a mechanical pin-wheel machine.4 Apparatus4.1 Mechanical pin-wheel area-measurement machineThe machine used should preferably have a feed-roller speed of 20 m/min 2 m/min. The d

24、istance between the centres of the pins on two adjacent pin-wheels should preferably be 25,4 mm 2,5 mm measured parallel to the axis of the pin-wheel roller. Pin-wheel machines which do not conform to these recommendations may also be used, but the actual design values shall be stated in the test re

25、port. (See Annex A for information on these machines.)4.2 Circular calibration templateThe template shall be made of flexible reinforced material, for calibrating the pin-wheel machine immediately before the machine is used. The area of the template shall not be less than 5 % of the pin-wheel machin

26、e capacity, and the width of the template shall not be greater than 50 % of the machines working width.The area of the template shall, if possible, be within 50 % of the anticipated area of the piece of leather to be measured. If this is not possible, feed the same template through the machine a num

27、ber of times N without resetting the machine to zero until the total reading is within 50 % of the anticipated test-specimen area, and treat this total as a single measurement.When not in use, the template(s) shall be kept flat in the specific standard atmosphere defined in ISO 2419 (20 C and 65 % R

28、H). The area of the template(s) shall be verified at least once a year by an independent body using measurement instruments traceable to a national standard calibration procedure. The template is acceptable if its measured area is within 0,5 % of its nominal area.It is recommended that users of this

29、 International Standard keep a record book of the measurements obtained during the daily calibration procedure. lt is to be inspected at regular intervals to detect any consistent trends towards inaccurate readings, e.g. the left side of the machine always reads low, the right side tends to read hig

30、h. This gives advance warning of faults, which are of use to the maintenance engineer when servicing the machine.4DIN EN ISO 11646:2014-07 EN ISO 11646:2014 (E) 4.3 Calibration procedureBefore each series of tests, carry out the following procedure.Stage 1: Switch on and run the machine for at least

31、 2 min, then pass an “old” (i.e. uncertified) template through the machine approximately 25 times in a random manner to ensure that all wheels are engaged. Some of the passes shall be cumulative, without resetting the machine to zero, in order to ensure that all moving parts of the machine are runni

32、ng freely.Stage 2: Zero the machine and pass a certified template through the machine N times without cancelling the individual readings. Ensure that all pin-wheels which will be actuated by the subsequent pass of the leather test specimen have also been actuated by the template. If the recorded tot

33、al area is within 0,01 m2of the theoretical total area, proceed to the next stage. If it is outside this range, adjust the machine and repeat the N passes until the recorded area is within the prescribed tolerance.Stage 3: Once the machine measures to within the prescribed tolerance, zero the measur

34、ement gauge and repeat twice the procedure described in stage 2. Record all three total areas to the nearest 0,01 m2.Stage 4: If all three total areas are higher or lower than N times the theoretical template area, or if the difference between the maximum and minimum total areas is greater than 0,02

35、 m2, repeat the calibration procedure from the start of stage 2 after making appropriate adjustments to the machine.5 Sampling and sample preparation5.1 Conditioning of the leather5.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed (5.1.2), expose the leather test specimen to the specific standard atmosphere defined in I

36、SO 2419 (20 C and 65 % RH) for at least 48 h.5.1.2 For some purposes, it is unnecessary to subject test specimens to a strict conditioning procedure, and measurements may be carried out on leather which has not been conditioned, or has been conditioned in a way other than that specified in ISO 2419.

37、 Whenever conditions other than those specified in 5.1.1 are used, however, the conditioning regime shall be stated in the test report as a deviation from the method.Generally speaking, relative humidity (RH) is more important than atmospheric temperature in determining the moisture content and henc

38、e the surface area of pieces of leather. Leather which has a moisture content below that which is obtained by conditioning in accordance with ISO 2419 has a lower measured area. Some leathers, e.g. chamois, exhibit considerable hysteresis in their regain of moisture from a standard atmosphere. For t

39、his reason, and to minimize disputes, it is recommended that in arbitration such leather is conditioned on the descending side of the hysteresis loop, i.e. from a moisture content corresponding to a higher relative humidity down to 65 % RH.5.1.3 Support the leather if possible along the back-bone in

40、 such a way that air has free access to both surfaces, and keep the air in continuous motion by means of a suitably placed fan.5.1.4 Note the time of conditioning, in hours.5.2 Start of measurementCarry out the test either in the same atmosphere as used for conditioning or in ambient conditions, but

41、 within 30 min of removing the test specimen from the conditioning atmosphere. Before each measurement, set the pointer of the measurement gauge to zero.5.3 Method of measurementFeed the test specimen into the machine with the higher-friction surface in contact with the pin-wheels. The specimen shal

42、l be absolutely flat and without creases at the moment when it passes between the 5DIN EN ISO 11646:2014-07EN ISO 11646:2014 (E)pin-wheels and the top of the feed-roller. In the case of soft leathers, this smoothing may involve pulling the hide from edge to edge with sufficient force to prevent the

43、pins pushing the leather into the transport feed-roller slots, the specimen being held in such a manner that it remains flat as it passes through the machine. To ensure this, more than one operator may be needed to feed the specimen into the machine.5.4 Direction of feedIf the specimen has a linear

44、or nearly linear edge, e.g. along the sides, it shall be fed through the machine so that the straight edge forms an angle of about 30 to the direction of movement. In any other case, the line of the backbone shall be perpendicular, or almost so, to the axis of the rollers.5.5 Number of measurementsI

45、f the area of the test specimen is more than 5 % of the measurement-machine capacity, measure the area twice. If the readings differ, repeat the minimum number of times required to obtain two equal readings after rounding to the nearest 0,01 m2. If the pointer is exactly in the middle between two sc

46、ale divisions, round the reading up to the higher of the two divisions.If the area of the test specimen is less than 5 % of the measurement-machine capacity, feed the specimen through the machine repeatedly, without zeroing in between, until the total measured area exceeds 5 % of the measurement-mac

47、hine capacity. Repeat the sequence of measurements to obtain a second reading. If the first reading differs from the second after rounding to the nearest 0,01 m2, repeat the sequence the minimum number of times required to obtain two equal readings. Calculate the area of the specimen as the total me

48、asured area divided by the number of times the specimen was fed through the machine and then round to the nearest 0,01 m2.6 Expression of resultsReport as the area of the test specimen the average of two valid measurements, in square metres, rounded to two places of decimals.7 Test reportThe test re

49、port shall include the following:a) a description of the type of leather tested;b) reference to this International Standard; i.e. ISO 11646;c) the time of conditioning, in hours;d) the result of the area measurement, in square metres, rounded to two places of decimals;e) any deviations from the procedure specified in this International Standard.6DIN EN ISO 11646:2014-07 EN ISO 11646:2014 (E) Annex A (informative) Sources of test apparatusExamples of suitable products