DIN EN ISO 11771-2011 Air quality - Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors - General approach (ISO 11771 2010) German version EN ISO 11771 2010《空气质量 时间平.pdf

1、April 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 14No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、13.040.40!$nwk“1758472www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 11771Air quality Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors General approach (ISO 11771:2010)English translation of DIN EN ISO 11771:2011-04Luftbeschaffenheit Ermittlung von zeitlich gemittelten Massenemissionen und Emissionsfaktore

3、n Allgemeine Vorgehensweise (ISO 11771:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 11771:2011-04Qualit de lair Dtermination de la moyenne temporelle des missions massiques et des facteursdmission Approche gnrale (ISO 11771:2010)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 11771:2011-04www.beuth.deDocument compris

4、es pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.This standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 5. 3103.11 DIN EN ISO 11771:2011-04 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Tech

5、nical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality”, Subcommittee SC 4 “General aspects”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft (KRdL) im VDI und DIN-Normenau

6、sschuss (Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN Standards Committee), Section IV Umweltmesstechnik. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 4225 DIN ISO 4225 ISO 9169 DIN EN ISO 9169 ISO 11222 DIN ISO 11222 ISO 14

7、956 DIN EN ISO 14956 ISO 20988 DIN EN ISO 20988 ISO/IEC 17025 DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 9169, Air quality Definition and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic measuring system DIN EN ISO 14956, Air quality Evaluation of the su

8、itability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty DIN EN ISO 20988, Air quality Guidelines for estimating measurement uncertainty DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories DIN ISO 4225, Air quality G

9、eneral aspects Vocabulary DIN ISO 11222, Air quality Determination of the uncertainty of the time average of air quality measurements 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11771 December 2010 ICS 13.040.01 English Version Air quality Determination of time-averaged mass emissions

10、 and emission factors General approach (ISO 11771:2010) Qualit de lair Dtermination de la moyenne temporelle des missions massiques et des facteurs dmission Approche gnrale (ISO 11771:2010) Luftbeschaffenheit Ermittlung von zeitlich gemittelten Massenemissionen und Emissionsfaktoren Allgemeine Vorge

11、hensweise (ISO 11771:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date li

12、sts and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation unde

13、r the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,Finland, France, G

14、ermany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMU

15、NG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11771:2010: EContents Page Foreword .3 Introduction.4 1 Scope6 2 Terms and definitions .7 3 Symbols and abbreviated te

16、rms 8 4 Principle .8 5 Determination of mass emission rates .9 5.1 Planning .9 5.2 Measurements .10 5.3 Calculation of mass emission rates 11 5.4 Determination of time-averaged mass emission rates12 5.5 Uncertainty estimation12 6 Activity data .14 6.1 Collection of activity data.14 6.2 Activity data

17、 uncertainty.14 7 Determination of time-averaged mass emission factors 15 7.1 General .15 7.2 Calculating the time-averaged emission factor .15 7.3 Uncertainty of the time-averaged emission factor.15 7.4 Aggregating emission factors16 7.5 Uncertainty estimation of aggregates of emission factors.16 8

18、 Quality management system requirements16 9 Reporting17 9.1 General .17 9.2 Test report17 Annex A (normative) Minimum requirements for the measurement plan.18 Annex B (informative) Example of uncertainty estimation.21 Annex C (informative) Data manipulation.26 Bibliography27 EN ISO 11771:2010 (E) DI

19、N EN ISO 11771:2011-04 2Foreword This document (EN ISO 11771:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nat

20、ional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent ri

21、ghts. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,

22、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN ISO 11771:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO

23、 11771:2011-04 3Introduction This Intenational Standard describes the measurement procedures necessary to determine the mass emission of substances from stationary sources. Empirically generated data are necessary to determine the uncertainty that can be associated with a stated result and to enable

24、 the verification of emission measurement reports. This Intenational Standard also describes the measurement procedures necessary to determine emission factors. An emission factor is a value that relates the quantity of a pollutant released with an activity associated with the release of that pollut

25、ant. Emission factors are useful when the operational conditions and time period for which they are representative is known. Emission factors are used to calculate and report mass emissions for both emission inventory and non-inventory uses. Inventory uses can include: emission trading; compiling po

26、lluting release and transfer registers; air quality modelling; air quality management; compliance with national emission limits. Non-inventory uses can include: developing site-specific emission estimates; developing control strategies; risk assessments; deciding appropriate permit limits. The most

27、commonly used methodology for compiling an emission inventory is to combine information on the extent to which an activity takes place (quantified by activity data a) with representative values of the emissions or removals per unit activity, called emission factor F. The basic equation providing the

28、 emission as a mass emission rate m is given by based on a limited number of emission measurements; representative of a restricted pe riod of process operating time; representative of a limited range of process operating conditions; representative of a limited sample of process units commonly used.

29、Emission factors are numerical estimates with uncertainties that can include systematic and random components, e.g. measurement uncertainty, fluctuations in pollutant emission control efficiency, and variability in process operation. The numerical uncertainty associated with a particular emission fa

30、ctor, for a single source, can be estimated provided that there is sufficient, high quality, source test data to estimate statistically the underlying variability of the more important influencing factors. Uncertainty also arises from the use of an emission factor applicable to one activity, process

31、, technology or installation being used to represent a situation for which it is unsuitable. In many cases, it is not possible to quantify the uncertainty introduced through inappropriate use of emission factors, and this situation is discouraged. Emission factors should be used with caution. Altern

32、ative means exist for estimating emissions that can be more appropriate under some circumstances. A material balance can provide an adequate quantification of emissions in situations where a high percentage of material is lost to the atmosphere (e.g. carbon and sulfur in fuel, solvent loss in an unc

33、ontrolled coating process). Material or mass balance determinations can also account for fugitive emissions not easily measured otherwise. In contrast, material balances may be inappropriate where material is consumed or chemically combined in the process, or where losses to the atmosphere are a sma

34、ll portion of the total process throughput. Data from frequent and representative source-specific emissions measurements or continuous emission monitoring systems can provide measures of actual pollutant emissions from a source. Site-specific measurement data from a limited number of emissions measu

35、rements, while improving the certainty of the emission data, represent only the conditions existing at the time of the testing or monitoring. To improve the estimate of longer-term (e.g. daily, monthly, yearly) emissions, conditions under which tests occur should be representative of the sources exp

36、ected range of operations. NOTE 2 Even in the absence of representative source-specific data, emission information from process control technique and abatement system vendors, particularly emission performance guarantees or emission measurement data from similar equipment can still be a better sourc

37、e of information than source-category emission factors. This International Standard requires the use of supporting standards not all of which are yet available. EN ISO 11771:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 11771:2011-04 51 Scope This International Standard specifies a generic method for the determination and th

38、e reporting of time-averaged mass emissions from a specific installation or of a family of installations (or common source type), using data collected by measurements, and by establishing: mass emission rates by the simultaneous meas urement of concentration and gas flow, using standardized manual o

39、r automatic methods, and also the estimation of the uncertainty of the measurements; time-averaged mass emission rates using time series of mass emission rate values, their uncertainty characteristics, and also the determination of the expanded uncertainty of the average; time-averaged emission fact

40、ors for a specific installation or of a family of installations and their associated uncertainty characteristics; a quality management system to assist the process of inventory qu ality assurance and verification. This International Standard is applicable to the determination of emission factors for

41、 stationary sources including emissions from industrial processes where calculation from fuel and raw material is not practical, for greenhouse gases, and air pollutants including fine particulate material. This International Standard does not address compliance monitoring in the context of emission

42、 control regulations. This International Standard requires the use of measurement-based methods and calculation-based methods that use measurement data. It covers the planning and execution of the measurement programme to collect data, selection of sampling methods, calculation of results, estimatio

43、n of uncertainty, determination of emission factors, and the reporting of information in a form that enables users to apply them. This International Standard specifies how to: generate time-averaged mass emission rate data of a known quality, for a defined period of time, and a documented set of ope

44、rational conditions; generate complete data sets representative of a known time period (i.e. a calendar year) by filling gaps in mass emission rate data series and combining data sets numerically; NOTE 1 Time series data can be available for only a limited elapsed period (i.e. weeks, months, or year

45、s) and can be available only for a discrete process whereas inventories can be necessary which average over a different period (i.e. for a calendar year). calculate emission factors for a known time period; calculate time-averaged emission factors of a known quality for a known source type. The meas

46、urement of emissions from vehicular, area or fugitive sources is not specifically covered. However, this International Standard can be used for quantification of emission factors for those sources provided that measurements of emissions are available. NOTE 2 Emission fluxes from fugitive and area so

47、urces can be directly measured using optical open-path techniques. The results from these measurements can be treated in an analogous way to the measurements described in this International Standard to determine time-averaged emissions and emission factors. EN ISO 11771:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 11771:201

48、1-04 6This International Standard does not explicitly include measurement procedures that are fully described in the referenced standards. Neither does it provide advice on the generation of activity statistics. This International Standard is compatible with ISO 14064-15and ISO 14064-36. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 emission factor ratio of the rate at which an air pollutant is emitted as