DIN EN ISO 12680-1-2007 Methods of test for refractory products - Part 1 Determination of dynamic Young-s modulus (MOE) by impulse excitation of vibration (ISO 12680-1 2005)English.pdf

1、May 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 11No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 81.080!,xb“9856325www.din.

2、deDDIN EN ISO 12680-1Methods of test for refractory products Part 1: Determination of dynamic Youngs modulus (MOE) by impulseexcitation of vibration (ISO 12680-1:2005)English version of DIN EN ISO 12680-1:2007-05Verfahren zur Prfung von feuerfesten Erzeugnissen Teil 1: Bestimmung des dynamischen E-M

3、oduls durch Schwingungs-Impulsanregung(ISO 12680-1:2005)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 12680-1:2007-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises 16 pages 08.07DIN EN ISO 12680-1:2007-05 2 National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and

4、materials” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom) to adopt, without alteration, International Standard ISO 12680-1 as a European Standard. ISO 12680-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33 “Refractories”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprf

5、ung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 062-02-57 AA Ungeformte, dichte geformte und wrmedmmende feuerfeste Erzeugnisse und Werkstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standard referred to in clause 2 of the EN are a follows: ISO 8656-1 DIN 51061-2 an

6、d DIN EN 1402-2 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN 51061-2, Testing of ceramic raw and finished materials Part 2: Sampling of ceramic raw materials DIN EN 1402-2, Unshaped refractory products Part 2: Sampling for testing EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 12680-1

7、February 2007 ICS 81.080 English Version Methods of test for refractory products - Part 1: Determination of dynamic Youngs modulus (MOE) by impulse excitation of vibration (ISO 12680-1:2005) Mthodes dessai pour produits rfractaires - Partie 1: Dtermination du module de Young dynamique (MOE) par exci

8、tation de vibration par impulsion (ISO 12680-1:2005) Verfahren zur Prfung von feuerfesten Erzeugnissen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des dynamischen E-Moduls durch Schwingungs-Impulsanregung (ISO 12680-1:2005) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with

9、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Cen

10、tre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the offici

11、al versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slove

12、nia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN

13、national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12680-1:2007: EContents Page Foreword 1 Scope .2 Normative references . 3 Terms and definitions. 4 Principle. 5 Significance and use 6 Apparatus 7 Sampling 8 Test specimens .9 Procedure 10 11 Test report .Annex A (informative) Factors affecting accuracy of determina

14、tions 2 EN ISO 12680-1:2007 (E) . 34 445668881013 14Calculations.Foreword The text of ISO 12680-1:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33 “Refractories” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 12680-1:2007 by Technical Committee C

15、EN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be wit

16、hdrawn at the latest by August 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greec

17、e, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12680-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12680-1:2007 without any mo

18、difications. 3 EN ISO 12680-1:2007 (E) 1 Scope This part of ISO 12680 specifies a method for determining the dynamic Youngs modulus of rectangular cross-section bars and circular cross-section specimens of refractories by impulse excitation of vibration. The dynamic Youngs modulus is determined usin

19、g the resonant frequency of the specimen in its flexural mode of vibration. NOTE Although not specifically described in this part of ISO 12680, this method can also be used at high temperatures with suitable equipment modification. This part of ISO 12680 does not address the safety issues associated

20、 with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For unda

21、ted references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5022:1979, Shaped refractory products Sampling and acceptance testing ISO 8656-1:1988, Refractory products Sampling of raw materials and unshaped products Part 1: Sampling scheme 3 Terms and definit

22、ions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 modulus of elasticity MOE ratio of stress to strain below the proportional limit 3.2 proportional limit greatest stress which a material is capable of sustaining without deviation from proportionality of stress to

23、 strain (Hookes Law) 3.3 anti-nodes locations, generally two or more, of local maximum displacement in an unconstrained slender bar or rod in resonance NOTE For the fundamental flexural resonance, the anti-nodes are located at the two ends and the centre of the specimen. 4 EN ISO 12680-1:2007 (E) 3.

24、4 flexural vibrations displacements in a slender rod or bar in the plane normal to its length 3.5 homogeneous uniform composition, density and texture NOTE A result of homogeneity is that any smaller specimen taken from the original is representative of the whole. In refractory practice, as long as

25、the geometrical dimensions of the specimen are large with respect to the size of individual grains, crystals, components, pores and microcracks, the body can be considered homogeneous. 3.6 in-plane flexure, noun flexural mode for rectangular parallelepiped geometry specimens in which the direction o

26、f the displacement is in the major plane of the specimen 3.7 isotropic, adj. condition of a specimen such that the values of the elastic properties are the same in all directions in the specimen 3.8 nodes location on a slender rod or bar in resonance having a constant zero displacement NOTE For the

27、fundamental flexural resonance of such a rod or bar, the nodes are located at 0,224 L from each end, where L is the length of the specimen. 3.9 out-of-plane flexure flexural mode for rectangular parallelepiped geometry specimens in which the direction of the displacement is perpendicular to the majo

28、r plane of the specimen 3.10 resonant frequency natural frequencies of vibration of a body driven into flexural vibration NOTE Resonant frequencies are determined by the elastic modulus, mass and dimensions of the specimen. The lowest resonant frequency in a vibrational mode is the fundamental reson

29、ant frequency of that mode. 3.11 slender rod slender bar specimen whose ratio of length to minimum cross-section thickness or diameter is at least 5 NOTE This applies to dynamic elastic property testing. 4 Principle A test specimen of suitable geometry is excited mechanically with a single elastic s

30、trike of an impulse tool, called a hammer, and its fundamental resonant frequency is determined. A transducer (e.g. contact accelerometer or non-contacting microphone) senses the mechanical vibrations in the specimen resulting from the excitation and transforms the vibrations into electrical signals

31、. Specimen supports, impulse locations and signal pick-up points are selected to induce and measure a specific mode of transient vibrations, i.e. the flexural mode. The signals are analysed and a signal analyser that provides data about the frequency and/or the period of the specimens vibration dete

32、rmines the fundamental resonant frequency. The appropriate fundamental resonant frequency, dimensions and mass of the specimen are used to calculate the dynamic Youngs modulus. 5 EN ISO 12680-1:2007 (E) 5 Significance and use This test method may be used for refractory characterization, development

33、and quality control purposes. This test method is appropriate for determining the modulus of elasticity of refractory bodies that are homogeneous in nature. This method addresses the determination of the dynamic moduli of elasticity of slender rectangular bars and cylindrical rods. This test method

34、is non-destructive in use so it may be used on specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens are subjected to only minute strains; hence the moduli are measured at or near the origin of the stress-strain curve with a minimum possibility of specimen fracture. The test provides options for variati

35、ons in test specimen sizes and procedure to accommodate most refractory compositions and textures. The impulse excitation test method utilizes an impact tool (hammer) and simple supports for the test specimen. This test method is not suitable for specimens with major cracks or voids. This test metho

36、d is limited to determining moduli of specimens with regular geometries, such as rectangular parallelepipeds and cylinders, for which analytical equations are available to relate geometry, mass and modulus to the resonant vibration frequency. The analytical equations assume parallel or concentric di

37、mensions for the geometry of the specimens. Deviations in the dimensions of the specimens will introduce errors in the calculations and in the results of the tests. Uneven or excessively rough surfaces of as-formed specimens can have a significant effect on the accuracy of the determination. The dyn

38、amic modulus value is inversely proportional to the cube of the thickness so the thickness variation is significant. This test method assumes that the specimen is vibrating freely with no significant restraint or impediment. Specimen supports should be designed and located so the specimen can vibrat

39、e freely in the proper mode. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Excitation apparatus This apparatus is used to excite vibrations in the test specimens and then accurately detect, analyse and measure the fundamental resonant frequency or period of a vibrating beam. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of such an apparatus. I

40、t consists of a small hammer, a suitable pickup transducer to convert the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals, an electronic signal analyser system consisting of a signal conditioner/amplifier, a signal analyser and a frequency read-out device 1). 1) An example of a suitable instrument is

41、the Grindosonic instrument, manufactured by J.W. Lemmens, Inc., 3466 Bridgeland Drive, Suite 230, St. Louis MO, 63044-2602 USA. This information is given for the convenience of users of this part of ISO 12680 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this equipment. 6 EN ISO 12680-1:2007 (E)

42、Key 1 numerical display of the measured frequency 2 read-out device 3 signal amplifier 4 frequency analyser 5 transducer 6 impulser 7 test specimen 8 support system 9 electrical system Figure 1 Block diagram of typical test apparatus 6.2 Striker hammer The hammer shall have a mass sufficient to indu

43、ce a measurable mechanical vibration in the test specimen but shall be not large enough to physically displace or damage the test specimen. A typical small hammer is shown in Figure 2. Larger specimens may require larger striker hammers. NOTE The size of the striker hammer depends on the size and ph

44、ysical properties of the specimens to be tested. Key 1 flexible polymer rod 2 steel or other hard metal ball Figure 2 Typical design for striker hammer 6.3 Signal pickup The excited vibrational signals in the test specimens are detected by transducers in direct contact with the specimen or by non-co

45、ntact transducers. Common contact transducers are accelerometers using piezoelectric or strain gauge devices to measure vibration. A common non-contact transducer is an acoustic microphone, but laser, magnetic or capacitance methods may be used as well. The frequency range of the transducer shall be

46、 sufficient to measure the expected frequencies of the test specimens. A suitable range is 50 Hz to 20 kHz for many refractory test specimens. Smaller and stiffer specimens vibrate at higher frequencies. The frequency response of the transducer across the frequency range of interest shall have a ban

47、dwidth of at least 10 % of the maximum measured frequency before 3 dB power loss occurs. 7 EN ISO 12680-1:2007 (E) 6.4 Electronic signal analysis system The system consists of a signal conditioner/amplifier, signal analyser and frequency read-out device. The system shall have sufficient accuracy and

48、 precision to measure the test specimens frequencies to an accuracy of 0,1 %. The signal conditioner/amplifier shall be suitable to power the transducer and to provide an appropriate amplified signal to the signal analyser. The signal analyser consists of a frequency counting device and a read-out d

49、evice. Appropriate devices are frequency counter systems with storage capacity or digital storage oscilloscopes with frequency counter modules. With the digital storage oscilloscopes, a Fast Fourier Transform signal analysis system may be useful for analysing more complex waveforms and identifying the fundamental resonant frequency of the test specimen. 6.5 Specimen support The specimen supports serve to isolate the specimens from extraneous vibrations without restricting the desired mode of vibration of the specimens. The support materials shal