1、December 2013Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 59.080.30!%*zQ“2078746www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 13015Woven fabrics Distortion Determination of skew and bow (ISO 13015:2013);English version EN ISO 13015:2013,English translation of DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12Gewebe Verzerrung Bestimmung des Schrg- und Bogenverzugs (ISO 13015:2013);Englische Fassung EN I
3、SO 13015:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12toffes tisses Dformation Dtermination de lcart angulaire et du cintrage (ISO 13015:2013);Version anglaise EN ISO 13015:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall b
4、e considered authoritative.Document comprises 16 pages12.13 DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 13015:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 “Textiles” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textil
5、es and textile products” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-21 AA Physikalisch-technologische Prfverfahren fr Textilien. The DIN Standa
6、rds corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 139 DIN EN ISO 139 ISO 3175-1 DIN EN ISO 3175-1 ISO 3175-2 DIN EN ISO 3175-2 ISO 3175-3 DIN EN ISO 3175-3 ISO 3175-4 DIN EN ISO 3175-4 ISO 6330 DIN EN ISO 6330 ISO 15797 DIN EN ISO 15797 National Annex
7、NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing DIN EN ISO 3175-1, Textiles Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments Part 1: Assessment of performance after cleaning and finishing DIN EN ISO 3175-2, Textiles Profe
8、ssional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments Part 2: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using tetrachloroethene DIN EN ISO 3175-3, Textiles Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments Part 3: Procedure for testing performance
9、 when cleaning and finishing using hydrocarbon solvents DIN EN ISO 3175-4, Textiles Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments Part 4: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using simulated wetcleaning DIN EN ISO 6330, Textiles Domestic washing and
10、drying procedures for textile testing DIN EN ISO 15797, Textiles Industrial washing and finishing procedures for testing of workwear EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13015 August 2013 ICS 59.080.30 English Version Woven fabrics - Distortion - Determination of skew and bow (IS
11、O 13015:2013) toffes tisses - Dformation - Dtermination de lcart angulaire et du cintrage (ISO 13015:2013) Gewebe - Verzerrung - Bestimmung des Schrg- und Bogenverzugs (ISO 13015:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 July 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC In
12、ternal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to a
13、ny CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official
14、versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norw
15、ay, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in a
16、ny form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13015:2013: EContents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references. 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Principle 5 5 Apparatus 5 6 Conditioning and testing atmosphere . 6 7 Test specimens 6 8 Pr
17、ocedure 6 8.1 General 6 8.2 Preparation by marking . 6 8.3 Preparation by fraying . 6 8.4 Determination of the overall skew and local skew . 6 9 Calculation and expression of the results . 10 9.1 Calculation for the overall skew . 10 9.2 Calculation with two triangles for local skew . 10 9.3 Calcula
18、tion with three triangles for local skew . 11 10 Test report . 11 Annex A (normative) Weft bow and warp bow determination . 12 Bibliography 14 2DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12EN ISO 13015:2013 (E) This document (EN ISO 13015:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 Textiles in collaboration
19、 with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2014, and conflicting nationa
20、l standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CE
21、NELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
22、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13015:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13015:2013 without any modifi
23、cation. Foreword“ ”3DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12 EN ISO 13015:2013 (E) IntroductionTextile and clothing manufacturers give a lot of importance to knowledge of the widthway distortion. In the case of woven fabrics with patterns or in which the weft threads are rather visible, the appearance of a textile
24、article could be compromised.With some rare exceptions, the two sets of threads in woven textile fabrics are intended to lie straight and at right angles. If a fabric does not meet either of these requirements, it is described as distorted. Difficulties in making up may then arise and the made-up ar
25、ticle may fail to function properly. The distortion may also detract from the appearance of fabric with checked patterns or coloured weft effects such as plaids or stripes. It is therefore desirable to have a means of specifying and measuring the distortion in woven fabric in terms of bow and skew.4
26、DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12EN ISO 13015:2013 (E) 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the distortion of a woven fabric in which the weft yarns are, in principle, perpendicular to the warp yarns.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part,
27、 are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioni
28、ng and testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1bowcurvature of the warp or weft of fabrics3.2skewfabric condition where the picks, although straight, are not at right angles to the ends4 PrincipleIn a piece of the woven fabric, la
29、id on a flat surface and without tension, skew and bow are characterized as follows.Overall skew is based on the determination of the distance between one end of a weft yarn and the point on the same edge intersected by a normal perpendicular from the other end of the weft yarn to the fabric edge, i
30、n proportion to the distance between two points at which the normal perpendicular to the fabric edge intersects both edges (woven fabric width), expressed as a percentage ratio.Local skew is determined as the distance between one end of a weft yarn to its perpendiculars to the warp running at right
31、angles to a portion of the fabric length.Weft bow is determined (see Annex A) as the total perpendicular distance by which a weft yarn deviates from a straight line joining both ends of the weft yarn.Warp bow is determined (see Annex A) as the greatest perpendicular distance between the edge of the
32、fabric and a straight line joining two selected points on the edge.NOTE Any special treatment of the laboratory sample, i.e. washing or cleaning, could be as agreed upon between the interested parties and be described in the test report (see Bibliography for examples of standardized methods).5 Appar
33、atus5.1 Set square, or similar device with at least two sides at right angles, graduated in millimetres.5DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12 EN ISO 13015:2013 (E) 5.2 Metallic ruler, at least 100 cm long but not less than the overall width of the fabric under test, graduated in millimetres.5.3 Metallic ruler,
34、20 cm in length, graduated in millimetres.6 Conditioning and testing atmosphereThe conditioning and the testing shall be conducted in the standardized atmosphere according to ISO 139.The conditioning of the woven fabric shall be at least 16 h.7 Test specimens7.1 When test specimens are taken from a
35、bulk sample, take care to ensure that they are removed with the minimum stress applied.7.2 Take full-width test specimens not less than 500 mm in length.7.3 Do not take test specimens from within 1 m of the ends of a piece.8 Procedure8.1 GeneralProceed with the measurement of the test specimen (excl
36、uding selvedges) and record the position of the selected weft yarn in relation to the nearest end of the test specimen.8.2 Preparation by markingSelect a weft yarn and trace its course by marking successive points along its length, across the width of the test specimen, with a thin marker.If the yar
37、n is not clearly visible, lighting of the face side of the test specimen can accentuate the relief and so facilitate the tracing of the yarns course.Alternately mark and measure on the reverse side of the test specimen.8.3 Preparation by frayingIf marking of the weft yarn is not possible, cut the wo
38、ven fabric and fray it down to expose a complete weft yarn across the width of the test specimen.8.4 Determination of the overall skew and local skew8.4.1 GeneralFrom the line representing the weft yarn evolution, the line is modelled on the application of one or more triangles.As each triangle is c
39、haracterized by its height (identified as a) and its base (identified as b), the slope of each triangle can be calculated by the ratio of the height, a, and the base, b.Then, the skew is expressed as the percentage of the slope.When the line is modelled by several triangles, the highest skew is kept
40、 to represent the final result.6DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12EN ISO 13015:2013 (E) 8.4.2 Measurement instructionsMeasure to the nearest millimetre with the metallic ruler (5.2) the distance b (base) in the perpendicular direction to the warp.Measure, with the set square and the small ruler, the distance
41、a (height) in the warp direction (see Figure 1).Note the values of the distance a (height) and the values of the distance b (base) of the related perpendicular for each slope that the line makes (see 8.4.3, 8.4.4, and 8.4.5, three examples of possible measurements in relation to the types of skew).M
42、easure in three different places along the length of the woven fabric in order to collect results based on three weft yarns.Keya heightb baseFigure 1 Determination of the skew8.4.3 Overall skewFigure 2 represents the triangle model with one triangle to determine the overall skew,where a is the maxim
43、al distance of the top of the line, measured between the top and the normal perpendicular from the beginning of the weft yarn on one fabric edge to the opposite fabric edge; b is the distance between the orthogonal projections of the beginning of the weft yarn on one fabric edge and the top of the l
44、ine on the normal perpendicular to the warp (b represents the useful width of the woven fabric for which the selvedges are excluded).7DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12 EN ISO 13015:2013 (E) Keya heightb baseFigure 2 Principle of the measurement of the overall skew (one triangle model)Figure 3, Figure 4, Figu
45、re 5, and Figure 6 are four examples of different configurations related to the measurement of the overall skew.Figure 3 Example 1 of overall skew Figure 4 Example 2 of overall skewFigure 5 Example 3 of overall skew Figure 6 Example 4 of overall skew8.4.4 Local skew with two trianglesFigure 7 repres
46、ents the triangle model with two triangles to determine the local skew,where a1is the maximal distance (height) of the top of the line, measured between the top and the straight line going by the beginning of the weft yarn on left; b1is the distance (base) between the orthogonal projections on the p
47、erpendicular to the warp of the beginning of the weft yarn on left and the top of the line; a2is the maximal distance (height) of the top of the line, measured between the top and the straight line going by the beginning of the weft yarn on right;8DIN EN ISO 13015:2013-12EN ISO 13015:2013 (E) b2is t
48、he distance (base) between the orthogonal projections on the perpendicular to the warp of the beginning of the weft yarn on right and the top of the line.Keya1height 1a2height 2b1base 1b2base 2Figure 7 Local skew (model with two triangles)8.4.5 Local skew with three trianglesFigure 8 represents the
49、triangle model with three triangles to determine the local skew,where a1is the maximal distance (height) of the first top of the line, measured between the top and the perpendicular to the straight line going by the beginning of the weft yarn; b1is the distance (base) between the orthogonal projections on the perpendicular to the warp of the beginning of the weft yarn and the first top of the line; a2is the maximal distance (height
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